Opera (简体中文)
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Opera浏览器,是一款自1994年以来由挪威 Opera Software公司开发的免费浏览器软件。该浏览器因曾经最先引入诸如标签式浏览、内置搜索等功能而闻名。
Opera 浏览器仍在不断开发创新。它的特色功能包括集成的邮件客户端、一键保存书签、标签栈(一种特别的标签组织方式)以及对 HTML5 的良好支持。
Opera 是跨平台浏览器,可以在 Windows, Mac 和 Linux 上运行。
Contents
安装
Opera 26 已经在 2014 年 12 月上旬发布;它仅仅提供了 64 位版本。作为一个里程碑,从此以后,旧的私有 Presto 排版引擎被更先进且开源的 Blink 引擎所替代。之前的 12.16 版本仍然支持 32 位系统。
Opera 可以在 官方软件仓库安装。官方仓库为 x86_64 架构的系统提供新的 Blink 版本 Opera,而为 i686 架构的系统提供旧的 Presto 版本的 Opera。另外,你可以通过添加archlinuxcn源后安装opera的beta分支与dev分支。
12.16 版 Opera 同样可以在 AUR:opera-legacy 中找到,包含 x86_64 以及 i686 架构的支持。
插件
Opera可以使用大多数主流浏览器所支持的,基于Netscape的插件。 详见 Browser plugins. opera的插件选项见 Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Content > Plug-in Options.
Adobe Flash
请见: Browser plugins#Flash Player
Java 支持
请见 the main article: Browser plugins#Java (IcedTea)
Adblock
可以安装 AUR 中 opera-adblock-complete 软件包以获得 Adblock 支持。
Performance tweaks
尽管 Opera 在现代的机器上运行速度已经相当不错,其实它仍有性能调优的空间。请阅读 Opera Wiki page 以了解详情。
Disabling features and services
One of the keys to maximizing application performance is to disable undesired features and services through the native opera:config Preferences Editor.
Some commonly disabled features are:
- Systray Icon: uncheck Show Tray Icon under opera:config#UserPrefs.
- BitTorrent: uncheck Enable under opera:config#BitTorrent.
- Geolocation: uncheck Enable geolocation under opera:config#Geolocation.
- Multimedia: unckeck desired options under opera:config#Multimedia.
- Web Server: uncheck Enable under opera:config#Web Server.
To more easily find these options just write the respective path (without spaces) in the address bar, for example opera:config#UserPrefs|ShowTrayIcon
or use the built-in search.
Disable the e-mail client
Additional command-line options are available for further control over browser features and services. To start Opera without the default internal e-mail client:
$ opera -nomail
Alternatively, if you want to permanently disable the internal e-mail client you can uncheck the Show E-mail Client option under opera:config#UserPrefs.
Disable ARGB, LIRC and mailto links
To start Opera without ARGB (32-bit) visuals, LIRC infrared control support and with mailto:
links disabled:
$ opera -noargb -nolirc -nomaillinks
Improving Flash performance
To improve Flash performance you can set the following environment variables before starting Opera, or export the entries in xinitrc, or ~/.bash_profile, or for system-wide changes, to /etc/profile
:
OPERAPLUGINWRAPPER_PRIORITY=0 OPERA_KEEP_BLOCKED_PLUGIN=1
Another environment variable which may help resolve Flash issues:
GDK_NATIVE_WINDOWS=1
See the blog article Flash problems on Linux? for additional details.
.xinitrc example
~/.xinitrc
... export OPERAPLUGINWRAPPER_PRIORITY=0 export OPERA_KEEP_BLOCKED_PLUGIN=0 ...
Command-line example
To use the variables from the command line call Opera as:
$ OPERAPLUGINWRAPPER_PRIORITY=0 OPERA_KEEP_BLOCKED_PLUGIN=1 opera &
Profile in tmpfs
Relocate the browser profile to a tmpfs filesystem, including /tmp
for improvements in application response as the entire profile is now stored in RAM. Another benefit is a reduction in disk read and write operations, of which SSDs benefit the most.
There are currently two ways of doing this:
- using Profile-sync-daemon, that automatically detects and relocates the Opera profile to tmpfs.
- using the
-pd
command-line flag to tell Opera where to store its profile data:
$ opera -pd /tmp/opera
Appearance
Themes
Although Opera is cross-platform, it can be made to integrate very well into various Linux desktop environments.
- Qt
- To make the menus look integrated with Qt, install your preferred Qt theme and apply it by using
qtconfig
. - KDE
- To make Opera use KDE icons, you can install a theme such as this one[dead link 2014-04-05].
- GTK+
- A nice GTK+ skin that uses the Tango icon theme can be found here[dead link 2014-04-05].
Title bar
The title bar can be hidden by right-clicking on the tab bar, then unchecking "Show Border".
Tab modes
Opera has native support for tab cascading and tiling mode. Appropriate buttons can be found by activating the "Main" toolbar or by dragging and dropping the buttons anywhere desired, found in Menu > Appearance > Buttons > Browser.
Fonts
Fonts can be configured under Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Fonts.
If the ttf-ms-fonts package has been installed before running Opera for the first time, Opera will use those fonts by default, regardless of what is specified by local GTK+ options, GNOME or KDE font management. To force existing installations of Opera to use the options set by your system:
- Close all running instances of Opera.
- Un-install the ttf-ms-fonts package.
- Move the existing profile folder:
mv -i ~/.opera ~/.opera.bak
- Run an instance of Opera and verify that your font manager settings have been applied.
- Restore bookmarks and desired filter files from
~/.opera.bak
to~/.opera
except for theoperaprefs.ini
file. - Re-install the ttf-ms-fonts package, if desired.
Private tabs
To browse without leaving obvious traces of the Web sites you visit, you can use a private tab. When you close a private tab, the following data related to the tab is deleted:
- Cache
- Cookies
- History
- Logins
This is similar to the --incognito option in Chrome/Chromium and PrivateBrowsing in Firefox.
To open a private tab from the command-line use:
$ opera -newprivatetab
To ensure only private tabs are used throughout the duration of the browsing session:
- Set Settings > Preferences... > General > Startup > Start without open tabs.
- Clear any entries in Settings > Preferences... > General > Home page option.
- Enable Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Tabs > Additional tab options... > Allow windows with no tabs.
To open a new window for private browsing when already running Opera you can just press Ctrl+Shift+N
or look under Menu > New Tabs and Windows > New Private Window. All subsequent opened tabs with be private as well.
Accessibility Tips
Disable text selection
It is possible to disable text selection in Opera. However, text selection through JavaScript will still work (for example in forms, etc.). To get to the setting follow the link bellow:
opera:config#System|DisableTextSelect
Grab and scroll mode
Besides setting text selection off, grab and scroll mode makes page scrolling possible with mouse dragging. It is very useful, especially when you have a touchscreen. Copy and paste the link bellow to get to the mentioned setting.
opera:config#UserPrefs|ScrollIsPan
It is also possible to change this setting on the fly by dragging and dropping the appropriate Opera button into a toolbar. The button can be found in Menu > Appearance > Buttons > Browser View.
Long pressing a link opens it in a background tab (extension)
It is possible to open up any long-clicked link in a new background tab by installing this extension.
Virtual On-Screen keyboard (extension)
There is an extension which allows the use of an on-screen virtual keyboard. Further details and installation link can be found here.
Troubleshooting
Slow scrolling on NVIDIA cards
Try running the following command:
$ nvidia-settings -a InitialPixmapPlacement=2
On some computers, http://helion.pl works extremely slow without this hack, making it a perfect site for testing.
Horizontal mouse wheel scrolling
Check Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Shortcuts > Mouse > Middle-Click Options... > Enable horizontal panning.
or
- Highlight Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Shortcuts > Mouse > Opera Standard.
- Duplicate Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Shortcuts > Mouse > Opera Standard.
- Edit... Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Shortcuts > Mouse > Copy of Opera Standard.
- Search the
Forward
andBack
input contexts and edit the appropriate button shortcuts toscroll left
andscroll right
. - Rename Settings > Preferences... > Advanced > Shortcuts > Mouse > Copy of Opera Standard as desired.
Launching an external browser
If Opera does not display a site well, a workaround is to launch the currently displayed page in an external browser.
- Set the following line under
[Site Navigation Toolbar.content]
in$HOME/.opera/toolbar/standard_toolbar.ini
:
Button0, "Chromium"="Execute program, "chromium, "%u", , "Chromium""
- If Firefox is desired, or preferred:
Button0, "Firefox"="Execute program, "firefox", "%u", , "Firefox""
- Any number of command-line options may be included in the string:
Button0, "Chromium"="Execute program, "chromium --block-nonsandboxed-plugins --disable-java --incognito --safe-plugins --start-maximized --user-data-dir=/tmp/.chromium", "%u", , "Chromium""
Opera crashes when starting or closing with GTK+ 2.24.7+
If this crash occurs, you can work around it by changing the DialogToolkit option to 4:
opera:config#FileSelector|DialogToolkit
This will disable GTK+ styling support and hence avoid the issue.
Unreadable input fields and address bar with dark GTK+ themes
When using a dark GTK theme, one might encounter Opera address bar and Internet pages with unreadable input and text fields (e.g. Amazon can have black text on black text field background). This can happen because the site only sets either background or text color, and Opera takes the other one from the theme.
Using an installed clear theme and a command help to work around the problem:
env GTK2_RC_FILES=/usr/share/themes/<light-theme-name/gtk-2.0/gtkrc opera
to turn it as default, use a prefered text editor and edit the file /usr/bin/opera
.
e.g. using Opera 12.14:
sudo gedit /usr/bin/opera ... #!/bin/sh export OPERA_DIR=${OPERA_DIR:-/usr/share/opera} export OPERA_PERSONALDIR=${OPERA_PERSONALDIR:-$HOME/.opera} exec /usr/lib/opera/opera "$@"
edit the file and follow the example changing to...
/usr/bin/opera ... #!/bin/sh export OPERA_DIR=${OPERA_DIR:-/usr/share/opera} export OPERA_PERSONALDIR=${OPERA_PERSONALDIR:-$HOME/.opera} env GTK2_RC_FILES=/usr/share/themes/Clearlooks/gtk-2.0/gtkrc /usr/lib/opera/opera "$@"
this will make the browser use a clear theme that you set in the file /usr/bin/opera
that was used in the above example the theme "Clearlooks" and the problems will be solved.