Execute an external program and display raw output

exec
proc_close
Program execution Functions
PHP Manual

# passthru

(PHP 4, PHP 5)

passthru — Execute an external program and display raw output

### Description

void passthru ( string `$command` [, int `&$return_var` ] )

The passthru() function is similar to the exec() function in that it executes a `command`. This function should be used in place of exec() or system() when the output from the Unix command is binary data which needs to be passed directly back to the browser. A common use for this is to execute something like the pbmplus utilities that can output an image stream directly. By setting the Content-type to image/gif and then calling a pbmplus program to output a gif, you can create PHP scripts that output images directly.

### Parameters

`command`

  The command that will be executed.

`return_var`

  If the `return_var` argument is present, the return status of the Unix command will be placed here.

### Return Values

No value is returned.

### Notes

Warning

When allowing user-supplied data to be passed to this function, use escapeshellarg() or escapeshellcmd() to ensure that users cannot trick the system into executing arbitrary commands.

> Note:

> If a program is started with this function, in order for it to continue running in the background, the output of the program must be redirected to a file or another output stream. Failing to do so will cause PHP to hang until the execution of the program ends.

> Note: When safe mode is enabled, you can only execute files within the safe_mode_exec_dir. For practical reasons, it is currently not allowed to have .. components in the path to the executable.

Warning

With safe mode enabled, the command string is escaped with escapeshellcmd(). Thus, echo y | echo x becomes echo y \| echo x.

### See Also

- exec() - Execute an external program
- system() - Execute an external program and display the output
- popen() - Opens process file pointer
- escapeshellcmd() - Escape shell metacharacters
- backtick operator

exec
proc_close
Program execution Functions
PHP Manual