/*=========================================================================

  Program:   Visualization Toolkit
  Module:    vtkPolygon.h

  Copyright (c) Ken Martin, Will Schroeder, Bill Lorensen
  All rights reserved.
  See Copyright.txt or http://www.kitware.com/Copyright.htm for details.

     This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even
     the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
     PURPOSE.  See the above copyright notice for more information.

=========================================================================*/
// .NAME vtkPolygon - a cell that represents an n-sided polygon
// .SECTION Description
// vtkPolygon is a concrete implementation of vtkCell to represent a 2D
// n-sided polygon. The polygons cannot have any internal holes, and cannot
// self-intersect. Define the polygon with n-points ordered in the counter-
// clockwise direction; do not repeat the last point.

#ifndef vtkPolygon_h
#define vtkPolygon_h

#include "vtkCommonDataModelModule.h" // For export macro
#include "vtkCell.h"

class vtkDoubleArray;
class vtkIdTypeArray;
class vtkLine;
class vtkPoints;
class vtkQuad;
class vtkTriangle;
class vtkIncrementalPointLocator;

class VTKCOMMONDATAMODEL_EXPORT vtkPolygon : public vtkCell
{
public:
  static vtkPolygon *New();
  vtkTypeMacro(vtkPolygon,vtkCell);
  void PrintSelf(ostream& os, vtkIndent indent);

  // Description:
  // See the vtkCell API for descriptions of these methods.
  int GetCellType() {return VTK_POLYGON;};
  int GetCellDimension() {return 2;};
  int GetNumberOfEdges() {return this->GetNumberOfPoints();};
  int GetNumberOfFaces() {return 0;};
  vtkCell *GetEdge(int edgeId);
  vtkCell *GetFace(int) {return 0;};
  int CellBoundary(int subId, double pcoords[3], vtkIdList *pts);
  void Contour(double value, vtkDataArray *cellScalars,
               vtkIncrementalPointLocator *locator,vtkCellArray *verts,
               vtkCellArray *lines, vtkCellArray *polys,
               vtkPointData *inPd, vtkPointData *outPd,
               vtkCellData *inCd, vtkIdType cellId, vtkCellData *outCd);
  void Clip(double value, vtkDataArray *cellScalars,
            vtkIncrementalPointLocator *locator, vtkCellArray *tris,
            vtkPointData *inPd, vtkPointData *outPd,
            vtkCellData *inCd, vtkIdType cellId, vtkCellData *outCd,
            int insideOut);
  int EvaluatePosition(double x[3], double* closestPoint,
                       int& subId, double pcoords[3],
                       double& dist2, double *weights);
  void EvaluateLocation(int& subId, double pcoords[3], double x[3],
                        double *weights);
  int IntersectWithLine(double p1[3], double p2[3], double tol, double& t,
                        double x[3], double pcoords[3], int& subId);
  int Triangulate(int index, vtkIdList *ptIds, vtkPoints *pts);
  void Derivatives(int subId, double pcoords[3], double *values,
                   int dim, double *derivs);
  int IsPrimaryCell() {return 0;}

  // Description:
  // Compute the area of a polygon. This is a convenience function
  // which simply calls static double ComputeArea(vtkPoints *p,
  // vtkIdType numPts, vtkIdType *pts, double normal[3]);
  // with the appropriate parameters from the instantiated vtkPolygon.
  double ComputeArea();

  // Description:
  // Compute the interpolation functions/derivatives.
  // (aka shape functions/derivatives)
  // Two interpolation algorithms are available: 1/r^2 and Mean Value
  // Coordinate. The former is used by default. To use the second algorithm,
  // set UseMVCInterpolation to be true.
  // The function assumes the input point lies on the polygon plane without
  // checking that.
  virtual void InterpolateFunctions(double x[3], double *sf);

  // Description:
  // Polygon specific methods.
  static void ComputeNormal(vtkPoints *p, int numPts, vtkIdType *pts,
                            double n[3]);
  static void ComputeNormal(vtkPoints *p, double n[3]);
  static void ComputeNormal(vtkIdTypeArray *ids, vtkPoints *pts, double n[3]);

  // Description:
  // Compute the polygon normal from an array of points. This version assumes
  // that the polygon is convex, and looks for the first valid normal.
  static void ComputeNormal(int numPts, double *pts, double n[3]);

  // Description:
  // Compute the centroid of a set of points.
  static void ComputeCentroid(vtkIdTypeArray *ids, vtkPoints *pts,
                              double centroid[3]);

  // Description:
  // Compute the area of a polygon in 3D. The area is returned, as well as
  // the normal (a side effect of using this method). If you desire to
  // compute the area of a triangle, use vtkTriangleArea which is faster.
  // If you already have a vtkPolygon instantiated, a convenience function,
  // ComputeArea() is provided.
  static double ComputeArea(vtkPoints *p, vtkIdType numPts, vtkIdType *pts,
                            double normal[3]);

  // Description:
  // Create a local s-t coordinate system for a polygon. The point p0 is
  // the origin of the local system, p10 is s-axis vector, and p20 is the
  // t-axis vector. (These are expressed in the modeling coordinate system and
  // are vectors of dimension [3].) The values l20 and l20 are the lengths of
  // the vectors p10 and p20, and n is the polygon normal.
  int ParameterizePolygon(double p0[3], double p10[3], double &l10,
                          double p20[3], double &l20, double n[3]);

  // Description:
  // Determine whether point is inside polygon. Function uses ray-casting
  // to determine if point is inside polygon. Works for arbitrary polygon shape
  // (e.g., non-convex). Returns 0 if point is not in polygon; 1 if it is.
  // Can also return -1 to indicate degenerate polygon.
  static int PointInPolygon(double x[3], int numPts, double *pts,
                            double bounds[6], double n[3]);

  // Description:
  // Triangulate this polygon. The user must provide the vtkIdList outTris.
  // On output, the outTris list contains the ids of the points defining
  // the triangulation. The ids are ordered into groups of three: each
  // three-group defines one triangle.
  int Triangulate(vtkIdList *outTris);

  // Description:
  // Same as Triangulate(vtkIdList *outTris)
  // but with a first pass to split the polygon into non-degenerate polygons.
  int NonDegenerateTriangulate(vtkIdList *outTris);

  // Description:
  // Compute the distance of a point to a polygon. The closest point on
  // the polygon is also returned. The bounds should be provided to
  // accelerate the computation.
  static double DistanceToPolygon(double x[3], int numPts, double *pts,
                                  double bounds[6], double closest[3]);

  // Description:
  // Method intersects two polygons. You must supply the number of points and
  // point coordinates (npts, *pts) and the bounding box (bounds) of the two
  // polygons. Also supply a tolerance squared for controlling
  // error. The method returns 1 if there is an intersection, and 0 if
  // not. A single point of intersection x[3] is also returned if there
  // is an intersection.
  static int IntersectPolygonWithPolygon(int npts, double *pts, double bounds[6],
                                         int npts2, double *pts2,
                                         double bounds2[3], double tol,
                                         double x[3]);

  // Description:
  // Intersect two convex 2D polygons to produce a line segment as output.
  // The return status of the methods indicated no intersection (returns 0);
  // a single point of intersection (returns 1); or a line segment (i.e., two
  // points of intersection, returns 2). The points of intersection are
  // returned in the arrays p0 and p1.  If less than two points of
  // intersection are generated then p1 and/or p0 may be
  // indeterminiate. Finally, if the two convex polygons are parallel, then
  // "0" is returned (i.e., no intersection) even if the triangles lie on one
  // another.
  static int IntersectConvex2DCells(vtkCell *cell1, vtkCell *cell2,
                                    double tol, double p0[3], double p1[3]);

  // Description:
  // Set/Get the flag indicating whether to use Mean Value Coordinate for the
  // interpolation. If true, InterpolateFunctions() uses the Mean Value
  // Coordinate to compute weights. Otherwise, the conventional 1/r^2 method
  // is used. The UseMVCInterpolation parameter is set to false by default.
  vtkGetMacro(UseMVCInterpolation, bool);
  vtkSetMacro(UseMVCInterpolation, bool);

protected:
  vtkPolygon();
  ~vtkPolygon();

  // Compute the interpolation functions using Mean Value Coordinate.
  void InterpolateFunctionsUsingMVC(double x[3], double *weights);

  // variables used by instances of this class
  double   Tolerance; // Intersection tolerance
  int      SuccessfulTriangulation; // Stops recursive tri. if necessary
  double   Normal[3]; //polygon normal
  vtkIdList *Tris;
  vtkTriangle *Triangle;
  vtkQuad *Quad;
  vtkDoubleArray *TriScalars;
  vtkLine *Line;

  // Parameter indicating whether to use Mean Value Coordinate algorithm
  // for interpolation. The parameter is false by default.
  bool     UseMVCInterpolation;

  // Helper methods for triangulation------------------------------
  // Description:
  // A fast triangulation method. Uses recursive divide and
  // conquer based on plane splitting  to reduce loop into triangles.
  // The cell (e.g., triangle) is presumed properly initialized (i.e.,
  // Points and PointIds).
  int EarCutTriangulation();

private:
  vtkPolygon(const vtkPolygon&);  // Not implemented.
  void operator=(const vtkPolygon&);  // Not implemented.
};

#endif
