VMware (简体中文)
相关文章
本文是关于在 Arch 中安装 VMware,你也许想寻找的是 在 VMware 中安装 Arch Linux。
Contents
- 1 安装
- 2 配置
- 3 启动程序
- 4 Tips & Tricks
-
5 Troubleshooting
- 5.1 Could not open /dev/vmmon: No such file or directory.
- 5.2 Kernel headers for version 3.x-xxxx were not found. If you installed them[...]
- 5.3 无法识别 USB 设备
- 5.4 process XXXX: Attempt to remove filter function [...]
- 5.5 The installer fails to start
- 5.6 Incorrect login/password when trying to access VMware remotely
- 5.7 Issues with ALSA output
- 6 卸载
安装
1. 下载最新版的 VMware Workstation 或是 VMware Player (你也可以尝试 testing (Beta/RC) versions)。
2. 开始安装 (--console
使用终端代替 GUI):
$ chmod +x VMware-<edition>-<version>.<release>.<architecture>.bundle # ./VMware-<edition>-<version>.<release>.<architecture>.bundle --console
3. 阅读并接受最终用户许可协议。
4. 设置 System service scripts directory
到 /etc/init.d
。
5. (可选) 如果安装了 Eclipse ,在集成虚拟调试器中输入目录路径。
6. 你会得到一个关于 "rc*.d style init script directories"
没有设置的错误。这个可以放心地忽略掉。
配置
VMware Workstation 11.1.0 与 Player (Pro) 7.1.0 支持到3.18内核,3.19内核请看下面小结.
3.19内核
3.19内核下,vmnet模块将无法编译成功,需要通过补丁来修复这个问题 [1] :
$ curl http://pastie.org/pastes/9934018/download -o /tmp/vmnet-3.19.patch
如果因为大中华防火长城而无法下载这个补丁可以通过以下方式:
$ wget http://www.catsoft.me/vmnet-3.19.patch
解压系统中 vmnet
模块的源代码:
$ cd /usr/lib/vmware/modules/source # tar -xf vmnet.tar
对源代码打补丁:
# patch -p0 -i /tmp/vmnet-3.19.patch
重新创建打好补丁的源代码包:
# tar -cf vmnet.tar vmnet-only
删除刚才创建的目录:
# rm -r *-only
重编译所有的模块:
# vmware-modconfig --console --install-all
Systemd 服务
6. (可选) 你也可以创建一个 .service
文件 (或是 文件),而不是直接使用 # /etc/init.d/vmware {start|stop|status|restart}
来管理服务:
/etc/systemd/system/vmware.service
[Unit] Description=VMware daemon [Service] ExecStart=/etc/init.d/vmware start ExecStop=/etc/init.d/vmware stop PIDFile=/var/lock/subsys/vmware TimeoutSec=0 RemainAfterExit=yes [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target
开机启动 .service
:
# systemctl enable vmware
启动程序
9. 现在,打开你的 VMware Workstation (终端中,vmware
) 或是 VMware Player (终端中,vmplayer
) 使用吧!
Tips & Tricks
从终端中输入 Workstation 许可密钥
# /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx-debug --new-sn XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX-XXXXX
处是你的许可密钥。
解压缩 VMware BIOS
$ objcopy /usr/lib/vmware/bin/vmware-vmx -O binary -j bios440 --set-section-flags bios440=a bios440.rom.Z $ perl -e 'use Compress::Zlib; my $v; read STDIN, $v, '$(stat -c%s "./bios440.rom.Z")'; $v = uncompress($v); print $v;' < bios440.rom.Z > bios440.rom
使用修改过的 BIOS
If and when you decide to modify the extracted BIOS you can make your virtual machine use it by moving it to ~/vmware/<Virtual machine name>
:
$ mv bios440.rom ~/vmware/<Virtual machine name>/
然后在 <Virtual machine name>.vmx
文件中加入:
~/vmware/<Virtual machine name>/<Virtual machine name>.vmx
bios440.filename = "bios440.rom"
写时复制 (CoW)
CoW comes with some advantages, but can negatively affect performance with large files that have small random writes (例如数据库文件和虚拟机镜像):
$ chattr +C ~/vmware/<Virtual machine name>/<Virtual machine name>.vmx
使用 DKMS 管理模块
The Dynamic Kernel Module Support (DKMS) can be used to manage Workstation modules and to void from re-running vmware-modconfig
each time the kernel changes. The following example uses a custom Makefile
to compile and install the modules through vmware-modconfig
. Afterwards they are removed from the current kernel tree.
准备
首先从 Community repository 安装 dkms:
# pacman -S dkms
然后为 Makefile
和 dkms.conf
创建源目录:
# mkdir /usr/src/vmware-modules-9/
Build configuration
Fetch the files from Git or use the ones below.
1) 使用 Git
$ cd /tmp $ git clone git://github.com/djod4556/dkms-workstation.git # cp /tmp/dkms-workstation.git/Makefile /tmp/dkms-workstation.git/dkms.conf /usr/src/vmware-modules-9/
2) 手动安装
The dkms.conf
describes the module names and the compilation/installation procedure. AUTOINSTALL="yes"
tells the modules to be recompiled/installed automatically each time:
/usr/src/vmware-modules-9/dkms.conf
PACKAGE_NAME="vmware-modules" PACKAGE_VERSION="9" MAKE[0]="make all" CLEAN="make clean" BUILT_MODULE_NAME[0]="vmmon" BUILT_MODULE_LOCATION[0]="modules" BUILT_MODULE_NAME[1]="vmnet" BUILT_MODULE_LOCATION[1]="modules" BUILT_MODULE_NAME[2]="vmblock" BUILT_MODULE_LOCATION[2]="modules" BUILT_MODULE_NAME[3]="vmci" BUILT_MODULE_LOCATION[3]="modules" BUILT_MODULE_NAME[4]="vsock" BUILT_MODULE_LOCATION[4]="modules" DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[0]="/extra/vmware" DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[1]="/extra/vmware" DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[2]="/extra/vmware" DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[3]="/extra/vmware" DEST_MODULE_LOCATION[4]="/extra/vmware" AUTOINSTALL="yes"
and now the Makefile
:
/usr/src/vmware-modules-9/Makefile
KERNEL := $(KERNELRELEASE) HEADERS := /usr/src/linux-$(KERNEL)/include GCC := $(shell vmware-modconfig --console --get-gcc) DEST := /lib/modules/$(KERNEL)/vmware TARGETS := vmmon vmnet vmblock vmci vsock LOCAL_MODULES := $(addsuffix .ko, $(TARGETS)) all: $(LOCAL_MODULES) mkdir -p modules/ mv *.ko modules/ rm -rf $(DEST) depmod /usr/src/linux-$(KERNEL)/include/linux/version.h: ln -s /usr/src/linux-$(KERNEL)/include/generated/uapi/linux/version.h /usr/src/linux-$(KERNEL)/include/linux/ %.ko: /usr/src/linux-$(KERNEL)/include/linux/version.h vmware-modconfig --console --build-mod -k $(KERNEL) $* $(GCC) $(HEADERS) vmware/ cp -f $(DEST)/$*.ko . clean: rm -rf modules/
安装
The modules can then be registered:
# dkms -m vmware-modules -v 9 -k $(uname -r) add
编译:
# dkms -m vmware-modules -v 9 -k $(uname -r) build
安装:
# dkms -m vmware-modules -v 9 -k $(uname -r) install
If everything went well, the modules will now be recompiled automatically the next time the kernel changes.
Troubleshooting
Could not open /dev/vmmon: No such file or directory.
完整的错误是:
Could not open /dev/vmmon: No such file or directory. Please make sure that the kernel module `vmmon' is loaded.
这意味这至少 vmmon
VMware 服务没有运行。如果使用步骤 8 中的 .service
文件,可以这样启动 VMware 服务:
# systemctl start vmware
或者输入:
# /etc/init.d/vmware start
Kernel headers for version 3.x-xxxx were not found. If you installed them[...]
安装这些软件包:
# pacman -S linux-headers
无法识别 USB 设备
1) 缺少 vmware-USBArbitrator
脚本
由于种种原因,一些安装会缺少 vmware-USBArbitrator
脚本。手动重新添加这个文件,查看 this forum post.
You may also manually extract the VMware bundle and copy the vmware-USBArbitrator
script from <destination folder>/vmware-usbarbitrator/etc/init.d/
to /etc/init.d/
:
$ ./VMware-<edition>-<version>.<release>.<architecture>.bundle --extract /tmp/vmware-bundle # cp /tmp/vmware-bundle/vmware-usbarbitrator/etc/init.d/vmware-USBArbitrator /etc/init.d/
2) The vmware-usbarbitrator
binary is segfaulting
This could also mean that the vmware-usbarbitrator
binary called in the script is segfaulting:
# vmware-usbarbitrator
Pipe unexpectedly closed.
# vmware-usbarbitrator --info -f
VTHREAD initialize main thread 2 "usbArb" pid 6426 Segmentation fault
This is caused by an empty /etc/arch-release
(owned by filesystem). It is used by the service to alter its behavior based on the distribution's release version.
To fix it, add a version string in the form of <year>.<month>(.<day>)
(e.g. 2013.04.01
).
process XXXX: Attempt to remove filter function [...]
The full error is, for example:
process 6094: Attempt to remove filter function 0xadcc96f0 user data 0xb795aba0, but no such filter has been added D-Bus not built with -rdynamic so unable to print a backtrace Aborted
This means that the hal daemon is not running. Install halAUR from the AUR and start the daemon with:
# hald
The installer fails to start
If you just get back to the prompt when opening the .bundle
, then you probably have a deprecated or broken version of the VMware installer and you should remove it (you may also refer to the uninstallation section of this article):
# rm -r /etc/vmware-installer
Incorrect login/password when trying to access VMware remotely
VMware Workstation 9 provides the possibility to remotely manage Shared VMs through the vmware-workstation-server
service. However, this will fail with the error "incorrect username/password"
due to incorrect PAM configuration of the vmware-authd
service. To fix it, edit /etc/pam.d/vmware-authd
like this:
/etc/pam.d/vmware-authd
#%PAM-1.0 auth required pam_unix.so account required pam_unix.so password required pam_permit.so session required pam_unix.so
and restart VMware services with:
# systemctl restart vmware
Now you can connect to the server with the credentials provided during the installation.
Issues with ALSA output
The following instructions from Bankim Bhavsar's wiki show how to manually adjust the ALSA output device in a VMware .vmx
file. This might help with quality issues or with enabling proper HD audio output:
- Suspend/Power off the VM.
- Run
aplay -L
- If you are interested in playing 5.1 surround sound from the guest, look for
surround51:CARD=vendor-name,DEV=num
. If you are experiencing quality issues, look out for a line starting with front. - Open the
<Virtual machine name>.vmx
config file of the VM in a text editor, located under~/vmware/<Virtual machine name>/
, and edit thesound.fileName
field, e.g.:sound.fileName="surround51:CARD=Live,DEV=0"
. Ensure that it also readssound.autodetect="FALSE"
. - Resume/Power on the VM.
卸载
To uninstall VMware you need the product name (vmware-workstation
或是 vmware-player
)。列出所有的产品:
# vmware-installer -l
卸载:
# vmware-installer -u <vmware-product>
Manually included symlinks have to be removed manually in /sbin/
:
# rm /sbin/insmod /sbin/lsmod /sbin/modinfo /sbin/rmmod
记得也要删除 .service
文件:
# systemctl disable vmware # rm /etc/systemd/system/vmware.service
You may also want to have a look at the kernel directories in /usr
for any leftovers. The now unnecessary #3.7 kernels and up step leaves header directories in /usr/src/
(full path: /usr/src/linux-[kernel name]/include/linux/version.h
).
模块目录位于 /usr/lib/modules/[kernel name]/misc/
。