<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<page xmlns="http://projectmallard.org/1.0/" xmlns:ui="http://projectmallard.org/ui/1.0/" type="topic" style="task" id="memory-map-use" xml:lang="ro">

  <info>
    <revision pkgversion="3.11" date="2014-01-28" status="candidate"/>
    <link type="guide" xref="index" group="memory"/>

    <include xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XInclude" href="legal.xml"/>

    <credit type="author copyright">
      <name>Phil Bull</name>
      <email>philbull@gmail.com</email>
      <years>2011</years>
    </credit>

    <credit type="author copyright">
      <name>Michael Hill</name>
      <email>mdhillca@gmail.com</email>
      <years>2011, 2014</years>
    </credit>

    <desc>View the memory map of a process.</desc>
  </info>

  <title>Using memory maps</title>

  <p><gui>Virtual memory</gui> is a representation of the combined
  <gui>physical memory</gui> and <link xref="mem-swap">swap space</link> in a
  system. It enables running processes to access <em>more</em> than the
  existing physical memory by <gui>mapping</gui> locations in physical memory
  to files on disk. When the system needs more pages of memory than are
  available, some of the existing pages will be <em>paged out</em> or written
  to the swap space.</p>

  <p>The <gui>memory map</gui> displays the total virtual memory use of the
  process, and can be used to determine the memory cost of running a single or
  multiple instances of the program, to ensure the use of the correct shared
  libraries, to see the results of adjusting various performance tuning
  parameters the program may have, or to diagnose issues such as memory
  leaks.</p>

  <p>To display the <link xref="memory-map-what">memory map</link> of a
  process:</p>

  <steps>
    <item><p>Click the <gui>Processes</gui> tab.</p></item>
    <item><p>Right click the desired process in the <gui>process list</gui>.</p></item>
    <item><p>Click <gui>Memory Maps</gui>.</p></item>
  </steps>

<section id="read">
  <title>Reading the memory map</title>

  <list>
    <item>
      <p>Addresses are diplayed in hexadecimal (base 16).</p>
    </item>
    <item>
      <p>Sizes are displayed in <link xref="units">IEC binary
      prefixes</link>.</p>
    </item>
    <item>
      <p>At runtime the process can allocate more memory dynamically into an
      area called the <em>heap</em>, and store arguments and variables into
      another area called the <em>stack</em>.</p>
    </item>
    <item>
      <p>The program itself and each of the shared libraries has three entries
      each, one for the read-execute text segment, one for the read-write data
      segment and one for a read-only data segment. Both data segments need to
      be paged out at swap time.</p>
    </item>
  </list>

<table shade="rows" ui:expanded="false">
<title>Properties</title>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>Numele fișierului</p></td>
	  <td><p>Locația bibliotecii comune care este folosită în prezent de proces. Dacă acest câmp este liber, informațiile despre memorie din acest rând descriu memoria care este deținută de procesul al cărui nume este afișat deasupra tabelului hartă de memorie.</p></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>VM Start</p></td>
	  <td><p>The address at which the memory segment begins. VM Start, VM End and
    VM Offset together specify the location on disk to which the shared library
    is mapped.</p></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>VM Sfârșit</p></td>
	  <td><p>Adresa la care segmentul de memorie se termină.</p></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>VM Dimensiune</p></td>
	  <td><p>Dimensiunea segmentului de memorie.</p></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>Steaguri</p></td>
	  <td><p>Următoarele opțiuni descriu modurile diferite ale accesului memoriei-segment pe care procesul le poate avea:</p>
    <terms>
      <item>
        <title><gui>p</gui></title>
        <p>Segmentul de memorie este privat față de proces și nu este accesibil altor procese.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title><gui>r</gui></title>
        <p>Procesul are permisiunea de a citi din segmentul de memorie.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title><gui>s</gui></title>
        <p>Segmentul de memorie este partajat cu alte procese.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title><gui>w</gui></title>
        <p>Procesul are permisiunea de a scrie în segmentul de memorie.</p>
      </item>
      <item>
        <title><gui>x</gui></title>
        <p>Procesul are permisiunea de a executa instrucțiunile care sunt conținute în segmentul de memorie.</p>
      </item>
    </terms>
    </td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>VM Compensație</p></td>
	  <td><p>The location of the address within the memory segment,
    measured from VM Start.</p></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>Private, Shared, Clean, Dirty</p></td>
<!--	  <td><p>Text pages are flagged read-execute in memory and don't need to
  be written to swap since they can be re-loaded from their original location
  on disk. Data pages have read-write permissions, and if modified when in
  memory, they are labeled <em>dirty</em>, and when designated for swapping,
  must be paged out.</p></td>
-->
          <td><list><item><p><em>private</em> pages are accessed by one
  process</p></item>
          <item><p><em>shared</em> pages can be accessed by more than
  one process</p></item>
          <item><p><em>clean</em> pages have not yet been modified
  while in memory and can be discarded when designated to be swapped
  out</p></item>
          <item><p><em>dirty</em> pages have been modified while in
  memory and must be written to disk when designated to be swapped
  out</p></item></list></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>Dispozitiv</p></td>
	  <td><p>The major and minor numbers of the device on which the shared
    library filename is located. Together these specify a partition on the
    system.</p></td>
  </tr>
  <tr>
	  <td><p>Inode</p></td>
	  <td><p>The inode on the device from which the shared library location
    is loaded into memory. An inode is the structure the filesystem uses to
    store a file, and the number assigned to it is unique.</p></td>
  </tr>
</table>

</section>
</page>
