Kernel parameters (简体中文)
一共有三种办法,可以给内核传递参数,用于控制其行为方式:
- 在编译内核时(这个最根本,会决定后面两种方法)
- 内核启动时(通常是在一个启动管理器里设置).
-  在运行时 (通过修改在 /proc和/sys中的文件).
本页面主要是讲第二种方法。
配置
内核参数可以在启动时临时修改,也可以永久性写到启动管理器的配置文件中,永远起作用。
下面示例:把参数quiet 和 splash 加到启动管理器 Syslinux, GRUB, GRUB Legacy 和 LILO中.
Syslinux
-  当出现启动选择菜单的时候,按 Tab进入修改模式:
-  > .linux ../vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda3 ro initrd=../initramfs-linux.img quiet splash 
-  Press Enterto boot with these parameters.
-  To make the change persistent after reboot, edit /boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfgand add them to theAPPENDline:
-  APPEND root=/dev/sda3 ro quiet splash 
更多详情请见Syslinux 。
GRUB
-  Press ewhen the menu shows up and add them on thelinuxline:
-  linux /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=UUID=978e3e81-8048-4ae1-8a06-aa727458e8ff ro quiet splash 
-  Press bto boot with these parameters.
-  To make the change persistent after reboot, while you could manually edit /boot/grub/grub.cfgwith the exact line from above, for beginners it's recommended to:
- Edit /etc/default/gruband append your kernel options to theGRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULTline:
-  GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" 
 
-  
- And then automatically re-generate the grub.cfgfile with:
-  # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg 
 
-  
For more information on configuring GRUB, see the GRUB article.
GRUB Legacy
-  Press ewhen the menu shows up and add them on thekernelline:
-  kernel /boot/vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda3 ro quiet splash 
-  Press bto boot with these parameters.
-  To make the change persistent after reboot, edit /boot/grub/menu.lstand add them to thekernelline, exactly like above.
For more information on configuring GRUB Legacy, see the GRUB Legacy article.
LILO
-  Add them to /etc/lilo.conf:
-  image=/boot/vmlinuz-linux ... quiet splash
For more information on configuring LILO, see the LILO article.
常见参数列表
| SysVinit(即将过时) | systemd | 描述 | 
|---|---|---|
| 3 | systemd.unit=multi-user | 不启动x(可进入后启动) | 
| 1 | systemd.unit=rescue | 进入根用户模式(root). | 
| nomodeset | nomodeset | 关闭内核显示模式设置功能. | 
| loglevel=3 | loglevel=3 | Removes "misaligned reg" and "unknown connector type" messages during boot with the Nouveau driver. See this topic. | 
| -- | init=/usr/lib/systemd/systemd | 使用systemd 替代 SysVinit 启动. | 
| init=/bin/sh rw | init=/bin/sh rw | 进入超级终端模式,一般用于急救 | 
All of these parameters are case-sensitive.
For a complete list of all known options, please see the kernel documentation.
