Udisks (简体中文)
Related articles
udisks 提供了 udisksd 守护进程,它实现了用于查询和管理存储设备的 D-Bus 接口;还提供了一个命令行工具 udisksctl,用于查询和使用该守护进程。
Contents
安装
有两个版本的 udisks,分别称为 udisks 和 udisks2。udisks 的开发已终止以利于 udisks2。[1]
udisksd (udisks2) 和 udisks-daemon (udisks) 都是由 D-Bus 在后台启动,并且不应该被显式地启用。(参阅 man udisksd
和 man udisks-daemon
)。它们分别可以通过 udisksctl 和 udisks 以命令行方式管控。详情参阅 man udisksctl
和 man udisks
。
配置
用户通过 udisks 可执行的动作受限于 Polkit。If your session is not activated or present, configure policykit manually. The following file sets common udisks permissions for the storage
group. [2]
/etc/polkit-1/rules.d/50-udisks.rules
polkit.addRule(function(action, subject) { var YES = polkit.Result.YES; var permission = { // only required for udisks1: "org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-mount": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks.filesystem-mount-system-internal": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks.luks-unlock": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-eject": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks.drive-detach": YES, // only required for udisks2: "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount-system": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.encrypted-unlock": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.eject-media": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.power-off-drive": YES, // required for udisks2 if using udiskie from another seat (e.g. systemd): "org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-mount-other-seat": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.encrypted-unlock-other-seat": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.eject-media-other-seat": YES, "org.freedesktop.udisks2.power-off-drive-other-seat": YES }; if (subject.isInGroup("storage")) { return permission[action.id]; } });
See [3] for a more restrictive example. Note the org.freedesktop.udisks2.filesystem-*
settings, which are required to start udiskie from a systemd service.
挂载助手
Automatic mounting of devices is easily achieved with udisks wrappers. See also List of applications#Mount tools and File manager functionality#Mounting.
Devmon
udevil includes devmon, which is compatible to udisks and udisks2. It uses mount helpers with the following priority:
- udevil (SUID)
- pmount (SUID)
- udisks
- udisks2
To mount devices with udisks or udisks2, remove the SUID permission from udevil:
# chmod -s /usr/bin/udevil
inotify
You may use inotify-tools to monitor /dev
, and mount drives when a new block device is created. Stale mount points are automatically removed by udisksd, such that no special action is required on deletion.
#!/bin/bash pattern='sd[b-z][1-9]$' coproc inotifywait --monitor --event create,delete --format '%e %w%f' /dev while read -r -u "${COPROC[0]}" event file; do if [[ $file =~ $pattern ]]; then case $event in CREATE) echo "Settling..."; sleep 1 udisksctl mount --block-device $file --no-user-interaction ;; DELETE) ;; esac fi done
提示与技巧
禁止隐藏设备(udisks2)
Udisks2 hides certain devices from the user by default. If this is undesired or otherwise problematic, copy /usr/lib/udev/rules.d/80-udisks2.rules
to /etc/udev/rules.d/80-udisks2.rules
and remove the following section in the copy:
# ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # ------------------------------------------------------------------------ # Devices which should not be display in the user interface [...]
挂载到 /media (udisks2)
默认情况下, udisks2 在 ACL 控制下将可移动设备挂载到 /run/media/$USER/
目录下。如果你希望改为挂载到 /media
目录下,应用这条规则:
/etc/udev/rules.d/99-udisks2.rules
# UDISKS_FILESYSTEM_SHARED # ==1: mount filesystem to a shared directory (/media/VolumeName) # ==0: mount filesystem to a private directory (/run/media/$USER/VolumeName) # See udisks(8) ENV{ID_FS_USAGE}=="filesystem|other|crypto", ENV{UDISKS_FILESYSTEM_SHARED}="1"
挂载 ISO 镜像
To easily mount ISO images, use the following command:
$ udisksctl loop-setup -r -f image.iso
This will create a loop device and show the ISO image ready to mount. Once unmounted, the loop device will be terminated by udev.
隐藏选中的分区
If you wish to prevent certain partitions or drives appearing on the desktop, you can create a udev rule, for example /etc/udev/rules.d/10-local.rules
:
KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1" KERNEL=="sda2", ENV{UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE}="1"
shows all partitions with the exception of sda1
and sda2
on your desktop. Notice if you are using udisks2 the above will not work as UDISKS_PRESENTATION_HIDE
is no longer supported. Instead use UDISKS_IGNORE
as follows:
KERNEL=="sda1", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1" KERNEL=="sda2", ENV{UDISKS_IGNORE}="1"
排错
udisks: Devices do not remain unmounted
udisks remounts devices after a given period, or polls those devices. This can cause unexpected behaviour, for example when formatting drives, sharing them in a virtual machine, power saving, or removing a drive that was not detached with --detach
before.
To disable polling for a given device, for example a CD/DVD device:
# udisks --inhibit-polling /dev/sr0
or for all devices:
# udisks --inhibit-all-polling
See man udisks
for more information.