Python/Virtualenv (简体中文) - ArchWiki

# Python/Virtualenv (简体中文)

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virtualenv 是 Ian Bicking 编写的 Python 工具，可以为 Python 建立独立环境，可以安装软件包而不影响其它 virtualenv 环境或系统 Python 软件包。 The present article covers the installation of the virtualenv package and its companion command line utility virtualenvwrapper designed by Doug Hellmann to (greatly) improve your work flow. A quick how-to to help you to begin working inside virtual environment is then provided.

## Virtual Environments at a glance

virtualenv is a tool designated to address the problem of dealing with packages' dependencies while maintaining different versions that suit projects' needs. For example, if you work on two Django web sites, say one that needs Django 1.2 while the other needs the good old 0.96. You have no way to keep both versions if you install them into /usr/lib/python2/site-packages . Thanks to virtualenv it's possible, by creating two isolated environments, to have the two development environment to play along nicely.

vitualenvwrapper takes virtualenv a step further by providing convenient commands you can invoke from your favorite console.

venv is a built-in module added in version 3.3, implementing a similar API to virtualenv.

## Virtualenv

virtualenv supports Python 2.6+ and Python 3.x. See Python#Python 3 for an overview of the different versions of Python.

### Installation

Install python-virtualenv, or python2-virtualenv for the legacy version.

### Basic Usage

An extended tutorial on how use virtualenv for sandboxing can be found here. If the link does not work, try the archive link. A simple use case is as follows:

- 创建 Virtualenv 环境：

    $ virtualenv2 venv # 创建一个名为 venv 的目录，其中包含了 Virtualenv

- 激活这个Virtualenv：

    $ source venv/bin/activate

- Install some package inside the virtualenv (say, Django):

    (my_env)$ pip install django

- Do your things
- Leave the virtualenv:

    (my_env)$ deactivate

## Virtualenvwrapper

virtualenvwrapper allows more natural command line interaction with your virtualenvs by exposing several useful commands to create, activate and remove virtualenvs. This package is a wrapper for both python-virtualenv and python2-virtualenv.

### Installation

Install the python-virtualenvwrapper package from the official repositories.

Now add the following lines to your `~/.bashrc`:

    export WORKON_HOME=~/.virtualenvs
    source /usr/bin/virtualenvwrapper.sh

If you are not using python3 by default (check the output of `$ python --version`) you also need to add the following line to your `~/.bashrc` prior sourcing the `virtualenvwrapper.sh` script. The current version of the `virtualenvwrapper-python` package only works with python3. It can create python2 virtualenvs fine though.

    VIRTUALENVWRAPPER_PYTHON=/usr/bin/python3

Re-open your console and create the `WORKON_HOME` folder:

    $ mkdir $WORKON_HOME

### Basic Usage

The main information source on virtualenvwrapper usage (and extension capability) is Doug Hellmann's page.

- Create the virtualenv:

    $ mkvirtualenv -p /usr/bin/python2.7 my_env

- Activate the virtualenv:

    $ workon my_env

- Install some package inside the virtualenv (say, Django):

    (my_env)$ pip install django

- Do your things
- Leave the virtualenv:

    (my_env)$ deactivate

## See Also

- virtualenv Pypi page
- Tutorial for virtualenv
- virtualenvwrapper page at Doug Hellmann's

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- Development (简体中文)

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