Some/dti who/wps have/hv written/vbn on/in Utopia/np-tl have/hv treated/vbn it/ppo as/cs ``/`` a/at learned/vbn diversion/nn of/in a/at learned/vbn world/nn ''/'' ,/, ``/`` a/at phantasy/nn with/in which/wdt More/np amused/vbd himself/ppl ''/'' ,/, ``/`` a/at holiday/nn work/nn ,/, a/at spontaneous/jj overflow/nn of/in intellectual/jj high/jj spirits/nns ,/, a/at revel/nn of/in debate/nn ,/, paradox/nn ,/, comedy/nn and/cc invention/nn ''/'' ./.
With/in respect/nn to/in this/dt view/nn ,/, two/cd points/nns are/ber worth/jj making/vbg ./.
First/rb ,/, it/pps appears/vbz to/to be/be based/vbn on/in the/at fact/nn that/cs on/in its/pp$ title/nn page/nn Utopia/np-tl is/bez described/vbn as/cs ``/`` festivus/fw-jj ''/'' ,/, ``/`` gay/jj ''/'' ./.
It/pps overlooks/vbz the/at other/ap fact/nn that/cs it/pps is/bez described/vbn as/cs ``/`` Nec/fw-cc minus/fw-ql salutaris/fw-jj quam/fw-cs festivus/fw-jj ''/'' ,/, ``/`` no/ql less/ql salutary/jj than/cs gay/jj ''/'' ./.
It/pps also/rb overlooks/vbz the/at fact/nn that/cs in/in a/at rational/jj lexicon/nn ,/, and/cc quite/ql clearly/rb in/in More's/np$ lexicon/nn ,/, the/at opposite/nn of/in serious/jj-nc is/bez not/* gay/jj-nc but/cc frivolous/jj-nc ,/, and/cc the/at opposite/nn of/in gay/jj-nc is/bez not/* serious/jj-nc but/cc solemn/jj-nc ./.
More/np believed/vbd that/cs a/at man/nn could/md be/be both/abx serious/jj and/cc gay/jj ./.
That/cs a/at writer/nn who/wps is/bez gay/jj cannot/md* be/be serious/jj is/bez a/at common/jj professional/jj illusion/nn ,/, sedulously/rb fostered/vbn by/in all/ql too/ql many/ap academics/nns who/wps mistakenly/rb believe/vb that/cs their/pp$ frivolous/jj efforts/nns should/md be/be taken/vbn seriously/rb because/cs they/ppss are/ber expressed/vbn with/in that/dt dreary/jj solemnity/nn which/wdt is/bez the/at only/ap mode/nn of/in expression/nn their/pp$ authors/nns are/ber capable/jj of/in ./.
Secondly/rb ,/, to/to find/vb a/at learned/vbn diversion/nn and/cc a/at pleasing/jj joke/nn in/in More's/np$ account/nn of/in the/at stupid/jj brutalities/nns of/in early/jj sixteenth/od century/nn wars/nns ,/, of/in the/at anguish/nn of/in the/at poor/jj and/cc dispossessed/vbn ,/, of/in the/at insolence/nn and/cc cruelty/nn of/in the/at rich/jj and/cc powerful/jj requires/vbz a/at callousness/nn toward/in suffering/vbg and/cc sin/nn that/wps would/md be/be surprising/vbg in/in a/at moral/jj imbecile/nn and/cc most/ql surprising/jj in/in More/np himself/ppl ./.
Indeed/rb ,/, it/pps is/bez even/rb surprising/jj in/in the/at Canon/nn-tl of/in-tl Christ/np-tl Church/nn-tl and/cc Regius/np-tl Professor/nn-tl of/in-tl Ecclesiastical/jj-tl History/nn-tl ,/, who/wps fathered/vbd this/dt most/ql peculiar/jj view/nn ,/, and/cc in/in the/at brilliant/jj Professor/nn-tl of/in-tl Medieval/jj-tl and/cc Renaissance/nn-tl English/np-tl at/in Cambridge/np ,/, who/wps inherited/vbd it/ppo and/cc is/bez now/rb its/pp$ most/ql eminent/jj proponent/nn ./.


	But/cc to/to return/vb to/in the/at main/jjs line/nn of/in our/pp$ inquiry/nn ,/, it/pps is/bez doubtful/jj that/cs Utopia/np-tl is/bez still/rb widely/rb read/vbn because/cs More/np was/bedz medieval/jj or/cc even/rb because/cs he/pps was/bedz a/at martyr/nn --/-- indeed/rb ,/, it/pps is/bez likely/jj that/cs these/dts days/nns many/ap who/wps read/vb Utopia/np-tl with/in interest/nn do/do not/* even/rb know/vb that/cs its/pp$ author/nn was/bedz a/at martyr/nn ./.
Utopia/np-tl is/bez still/rb widely/rb read/vbn because/cs in/in a/at sense/nn More/np stood/vbd on/in the/at margin/nn of/in modernity/nn ./.
And/cc if/cs he/pps did/dod stand/vb on/in the/at margins/nns of/in modernity/nn ,/, it/pps was/bedz not/* in/in dying/vbg a/at martyr/nn for/in such/jj unity/nn as/cs Papal/jj supremacy/nn might/md be/be able/jj to/to force/vb on/in Western/jj-tl Christendom/np-tl ./.
It/pps was/bedz not/* even/rb in/in writing/vbg Latin/jj epigrams/nns ,/, sometimes/rb bawdy/jj ones/nns ,/, or/cc in/in translating/vbg Lucian/np from/in Greek/np into/in Latin/np or/cc in/in defending/vbg the/at study/nn of/in Greek/np against/in the/at attack/nn of/in conservative/jj academics/nns ,/, or/cc in/in attacking/vbg the/at conservative/jj theologians/nns who/wps opposed/vbd Erasmus's/np$ philological/jj study/nn of/in the/at New/jj-tl Testament/nn-tl ./.
Similar/jj literary/jj exercises/nns were/bed the/at common/jj doings/nns of/in a/at Christian/jj humanist/nn of/in the/at first/od two/cd decades/nns of/in the/at sixteenth/od century/nn ./.
Had/hvd More's/np$ writings/nns been/ben wholly/rb limited/vbn to/in such/jj exercises/nns ,/, they/ppss would/md be/be almost/rb as/ql dimly/rb remembered/vbn as/cs those/dts of/in a/at dozen/nn or/cc so/rb other/ap authors/nns living/vbg in/in his/pp$ time/nn ,/, whose/wp$ works/nns tenuously/rb survive/vb in/in the/at minds/nns of/in the/at few/ap hundred/cd scholars/nns who/wps each/dt decade/nn in/in pursuit/nn of/in their/pp$ very/ql specialized/vbn occasions/nns read/vb those/dts works/nns ./.


	More/np stands/vbz on/in the/at margins/nns of/in modernity/nn for/in one/cd reason/nn alone/rb --/-- because/cs he/pps wrote/vbd Utopia/np-tl ./.
And/cc the/at evidence/nn that/cs he/pps does/doz ,/, indeed/rb ,/, stand/vb there/rb derives/vbz quite/ql simply/rb from/in the/at vigorous/jj interest/nn with/in which/wdt rather/ql casual/jj readers/nns have/hv responded/vbn to/in that/dt book/nn for/in the/at past/ap century/nn or/cc so/rb ./.
Only/rb one/cd other/ap contemporary/nn of/in More's/np$ evokes/vbz so/ql immediate/jj and/cc direct/jj a/at response/nn ,/, and/cc only/rb one/cd other/ap contemporary/jj work/nn --/-- Niccolo/np Machiavelli/np and/cc The/at-tl Prince/nn-tl ./.
Can/md we/ppss discover/vb what/wdt it/pps is/bez in/in Utopia/np-tl that/wps has/hvz evoked/vbn this/dt response/nn ?/. ?/.
Remember/vb that/cs in/in seeking/vbg the/at modern/jj in/in Utopia/np-tl we/ppss do/do not/* deny/vb the/at existence/nn of/in the/at medieval/jj and/cc the/at Renaissance/np there/rb ;/. ;/.
we/ppss do/do not/* even/rb need/vb to/to commit/vb ourselves/ppls to/in assessing/vbg on/in the/at same/ap inconceivable/jj scale/nn the/at relative/jj importance/nn of/in the/at medieval/jj ,/, the/at Renaissance/np ,/, and/cc the/at modern/jj ./.
The/at medieval/jj was/bedz the/at most/ql important/jj to/in Chambers/np because/cs he/pps sought/vbd to/to place/vb Thomas/np More/np ,/, the/at author/nn of/in Utopia/np-tl ,/, in/in some/dti intelligible/jj relation/nn with/in St./nn-tl Thomas/np More/np ,/, the/at martyr/nn ./.
To/in others/nns whose/wp$ concern/nn it/pps is/bez to/to penetrate/vb the/at significance/nn of/in Christian/jj Humanism/nn-tl ,/, the/at Renaissance/np elements/nns are/ber of/in primary/jj concern/nn ./.
But/cc here/rb we/ppss have/hv a/at distinctly/rb modern/jj preoccupation/nn ;/. ;/.
we/ppss want/vb to/to know/vb why/wrb that/dt book/nn has/hvz kept/vbn on/rp selling/vbg the/at way/nn it/pps has/hvz ;/. ;/.
we/ppss want/vb to/to know/vb what/wdt is/bez perennially/rb new/jj about/in Utopia/np-tl ./.


	What/wdt is/bez new/jj about/in it/ppo ?/. ?/.
To/in that/dt question/nn the/at answer/nn is/bez simple/jj ;/. ;/.
it/pps can/md be/be made/vbn in/in two/cd words/nns ,/, Utopian/jj-tl-nc communism/nn-nc ./.
But/cc it/pps is/bez an/at answer/nn which/wdt opens/vbz the/at door/nn wide/jj to/in an/at onrush/nn of/in objections/nns and/cc denials/nns ./.
Surely/rb there/ex is/bez nothing/pn new/jj about/in communism/nn ./.
We/ppss find/vb it/ppo in/in Plato's/np$ Republic/nn-tl ,/, and/cc in/in Utopia/np-tl More/np acknowledges/vbz his/pp$ debt/nn to/in that/dt book/nn ./.
We/ppss find/vb it/ppo in/in that/dt ``/`` common/jj way/nn of/in life/nn pleasing/jj to/in Christ/np and/cc still/rb in/in use/nn among/in the/at truest/jjt societies/nns of/in Christians/nps ''/'' ,/, that/dt is/bez ,/, the/at better/jjr monasteries/nns which/wdt made/vbd it/ppo easier/jjr to/to convert/vb the/at Utopians/nps to/in Christianity/np ./.
We/ppss find/vb it/ppo in/in the/at later/jjr Stoic/np conception/nn of/in man's/nn$ natural/jj condition/nn which/wdt included/vbd the/at community/nn of/in all/abn possessions/nns ./.
This/dt conception/nn was/bedz taken/vbn up/rp by/in the/at early/jj Church/nn-tl Fathers/nns-tl and/cc by/in canon/nn lawyers/nns and/cc theologians/nns in/in the/at Middle/jj-tl Ages/nns-tl ;/. ;/.
and/cc More/np was/bedz far/ql too/ql well/rb read/vbn not/* to/to have/hv come/vbn across/in it/ppo in/in one/cd or/cc several/ap of/in the/at forms/nns thus/rb given/vbn it/ppo ./.


	But/cc although/cs the/at idea/nn of/in communism/nn is/bez very/ql old/jj even/rb in/in More's/np$ day/nn and/cc did/dod not/* spring/vb full-clad/jj from/in his/pp$ imagination/nn in/in 1515/cd ,/, it/pps is/bez not/* communism/nn as/cs such/jj that/wpo we/ppss are/ber concerned/vbn with/in ./.
We/ppss are/ber concerned/vbn not/* with/in the/at genus/nn communism/nn nor/cc with/in other/ap species/nns of/in the/at genus/nn :/: Platonic/jj ,/, Stoic/np ,/, early/jj Christian/jj ,/, monastic/jj ,/, canonist/jj or/cc theological/jj communism/nn ;/. ;/.
we/ppss are/ber concerned/vbn with/in Utopian/jj communism/nn --/-- that/dt is/bez ,/, simply/rb communism/nn as/cs it/pps appears/vbz in/in the/at imaginary/jj commonwealth/nn of/in Utopia/np ,/, as/cs More/np conceived/vbd it/ppo ./.
Perhaps/rb one/cd way/nn to/to sharpen/vb our/pp$ sense/nn of/in the/at modernity/nn of/in Utopian/jj communism/nn is/bez to/to contrast/vb it/ppo with/in the/at principal/jjs earlier/jjr types/nns of/in communistic/jj theory/nn ./.
We/ppss will/md achieve/vb a/at more/ql vivid/jj sense/nn of/in what/wdt it/pps is/bez by/in realizing/vbg what/wdt it/pps is/bez not/* ./.


	In/in Plato's/np$ Republic/nn-tl communism/nn is/bez --/-- to/to speak/vb anachronistically/rb --/-- a/at communism/nn of/in Janissaries/nps ./.
Its/pp$ function/nn is/bez to/to separate/vb from/in the/at base/jj ruled/vbn mass/nn ,/, among/in whom/wpo private/jj ownership/nn prevails/vbz ,/, the/at governing/vbg warrior/nn elite/nn ./.
Moreover/rb ,/, it/pps is/bez too/ql readily/rb forgotten/vbn that/cs in/in the/at Republic/nn-tl what/wdt gave/vbd the/at initial/jj impetus/nn to/in Plato's/np$ excursus/nn into/in the/at construction/nn of/in an/at imaginary/jj commonwealth/nn with/in its/pp$ ruling-class/nn communism/nn of/in goods/nns ,/, wives/nns ,/, and/cc children/nns ,/, was/bedz his/pp$ quest/nn for/in a/at canon/nn for/in the/at proper/jj ordering/nn of/in the/at individual/jj human/jj psyche/nn ;/. ;/.
and/cc it/pps is/bez to/in this/dt problem/nn that/cs the/at Republic/nn-tl ultimately/rb returns/vbz ./.
In/in More's/np$ Utopia/np-tl communism/nn is/bez not/* a/at means/nn of/in separating/vbg out/rp a/at warrior/nn elite/nn from/in the/at lumpish/jj mass/nn ./.
Utopian/jj communism/nn applies/vbz to/in all/abn Utopians/nps ./.
And/cc in/in the/at economy/nn of/in the/at book/nn it/pps is/bez not/* peripheral/jj but/cc central/jj ./.
The/at concern/nn of/in Utopia/np-tl is/bez with/in the/at optimo/fw-jjt reipublicae/fw-nn statu/fw-nn ,/, the/at best/jjt ordering/nn of/in a/at civil/jj society/nn ;/. ;/.
and/cc it/pps is/bez again/rb and/cc again/rb made/vbn clear/jj that/cs Utopian/jj communism/nn provides/vbz the/at institutional/jj array/nn indispensible/jj to/in that/dt best/jjt ordering/nn ./.


	To/to derive/vb Utopian/jj communism/nn from/in the/at Jerusalem/np Christian/jj community/nn of/in the/at apostolic/jj age/nn or/cc from/in its/pp$ medieval/jj successors-in-spirit/nns ,/, the/at monastic/jj communities/nns ,/, is/bez with/in an/at appropriate/jj shift/nn of/in adjectives/nns ,/, misleading/vbg in/in the/at same/ap way/nn as/cs to/to derive/vb it/ppo from/in Plato's/np$ Republic/nn-tl :/: in/in the/at Republic/nn-tl we/ppss have/hv to/to do/do with/in an/at elite/nn of/in physical/jj and/cc intellectual/jj athletes/nns ,/, in/in the/at apostolic/jj and/cc monastic/jj communities/nns with/in an/at elite/nn of/in spiritual/jj and/cc religious/jj athletes/nns ./.
The/at apostolic/jj community/nn was/bedz literally/rb an/at elite/nn :/: chosen/vbn by/in Christ/np himself/ppl ./.
And/cc the/at monastic/jj communities/nns were/bed supposed/vbn to/to be/be made/vbn up/rp of/in volunteers/nns selected/vbn only/rb after/in a/at novitiate/nn which/wdt would/md test/vb their/pp$ religious/jj aptitude/nn for/in monastic/jj rigors/nns ,/, their/pp$ spiritual/jj athleticism/nn ./.


	Finally/rb ,/, the/at conception/nn of/in the/at natural/jj community/nn of/in all/abn possessions/nns which/wdt originated/vbd with/in the/at Stoics/nps was/bedz firmly/rb fixed/vbn in/in a/at tradition/nn by/in More's/np$ time/nn ,/, although/cs it/pps was/bedz not/* accepted/vbn by/in all/abn the/at theologian-philosophers/nns of/in the/at Middle/jj-tl Ages/nns-tl ./.
In/in that/dt tradition/nn communism/nn lay/vbd a/at safe/jj distance/nn back/rb in/in the/at age/nn of/in innocence/nn before/in the/at Fall/nn-tl of/in-tl Man/nn-tl ./.
It/pps did/dod not/* serve/vb to/to contrast/vb the/at existing/vbg order/nn of/in society/nn with/in a/at possible/jj alternative/nn order/nn ,/, because/cs the/at age/nn of/in innocence/nn was/bedz not/* a/at possible/jj alternative/nn once/cs man/nn had/hvd sinned/vbn ./.
The/at actual/jj function/nn of/in patristic/jj communism/nn was/bedz adequately/rb set/vbn forth/rb by/in St./nn-tl Gregory/np almost/rb a/at millenium/nn before/cs More/np wrote/vbd Utopia/np-tl ./.


	``/`` The/at soil/nn is/bez common/jj to/in all/abn men/nns ./.
When/wrb we/ppss give/vb the/at necessities/nns of/in life/nn to/in the/at poor/jj ,/, we/ppss restore/vb to/in them/ppo what/wdt is/bez already/rb theirs/pp$$ ./.
We/ppss should/md think/vb of/in it/ppo more/ap as/cs an/at act/nn of/in justice/nn than/cs compassion/nn ''/'' ./.


	Because/cs community/nn not/* severalty/nn of/in property/nn is/bez the/at law/nn of/in nature/nn no/at man/nn can/md assert/vb an/at absolutely/ql unalterable/jj right/nn to/in what/wdt is/bez his/pp$$ ./.
Indeed/rb ,/, of/in all/abn that/wps is/bez his/pp$$ every/at man/nn is/bez by/in nature/nn and/cc reason/nn and/cc therefore/rb by/in conscience/nn obligated/vbn to/to regard/vb himself/ppl as/cs a/at custodian/nn ./.
He/pps is/bez a/at trustee/nn for/in the/at common/jj good/nn ,/, however/wql feeble/jj the/at safeguards/nns which/wdt the/at positive/jj or/cc municipal/jj law/nn of/in property/nn provides/vbz against/in his/pp$ misuse/nn of/in that/dt share/nn of/in the/at common/jj fund/nn ,/, wisely/rb or/cc unwisely/rb ,/, entrusted/vbn to/in his/pp$ keeping/nn ./.
In/in contrast/nn to/in this/dt Stoic-patristic/jj view/nn ,/, Utopia/np-tl implies/vbz that/cs the/at nature/nn of/in man/nn is/bez such/jj that/cs to/to rely/vb on/in individual/jj conscience/nn to/to supply/vb the/at deficiencies/nns of/in municipal/jj law/nn is/bez to/to embark/vb on/in the/at bottomless/jj sea/nn of/in human/jj sinfulness/nn in/in a/at sieve/nn ./.
The/at Utopians/nps brace/vb conscience/nn with/in legal/jj sanctions/nns ./.
In/in a/at properly/rb ordered/vbn society/nn the/at massive/jj force/nn of/in public/jj law/nn performs/vbz the/at function/nn which/wdt in/in natural/jj law/nn theory/nn ineptly/rb is/bez left/vbn altogether/rb to/in a/at small/jj voice/nn so/ql often/rb still/jj ./.


	In/in all/abn the/at respects/nns just/rb indicated/vbn Utopian/jj communism/nn differs/vbz from/in previous/ap conceptions/nns in/in which/wdt community/nn of/in possessions/nns and/cc living/vbg plays/vbz a/at role/nn ./.
Neither/cc from/in one/cd of/in these/dts conceptions/nns nor/cc from/in a/at combination/nn of/in them/ppo can/md it/pps be/be deduced/vbn ./.
We/ppss do/do not/* deny/vb originality/nn to/in the/at Agamemnon/np-tl because/cs Aeschylus/np found/vbd the/at tales/nns of/in the/at house/nn of/in Atreus/np among/in the/at folk/nn lore/nn of/in the/at Greeks/nps ./.
In/in a/at like/jj sense/nn whatever/wdt bits/nns or/cc shreds/nns of/in previous/ap conceptions/nns one/pn may/md find/vb in/in it/ppo ,/, Utopian/jj communism/nn remains/vbz ,/, as/cs an/at integral/jj whole/nn ,/, original/jj --/-- a/at new/jj thing/nn ./.
It/pps is/bez not/* merely/rb a/at new/jj thing/nn ;/. ;/.
it/pps is/bez one/cd of/in the/at very/ql few/ap new/jj things/nns in/in Utopia/np-tl ;/. ;/.
most/ap of/in the/at rest/nn is/bez medieval/jj or/cc humanist/jj or/cc part/nn of/in an/at old/jj tradition/nn of/in social/jj criticism/nn ./.
But/cc to/to say/vb that/cs at/in a/at moment/nn in/in history/nn something/pn is/bez new/jj is/bez not/* necessarily/rb to/to say/vb that/cs it/pps is/bez modern/jj ;/. ;/.
and/cc for/in this/dt statement/nn the/at best/jjt evidence/nn comes/vbz within/in the/at five/cd years/nns following/in the/at publication/nn of/in Utopia/np-tl ,/, when/wrb Martin/np Luther/np elaborates/vbz a/at new/jj perception/nn of/in the/at nature/nn of/in the/at Divine's/np$ encounter/nn with/in man/nn ./.
New/jj ,/, indeed/rb ,/, is/bez Luther's/np$ perception/nn ,/, but/cc not/* modern/jj ,/, as/cs anyone/pn knows/vbz who/wps has/hvz ever/rb tried/vbn to/to make/vb intelligible/jj to/in modern/jj students/nns what/wdt Luther/np was/bedz getting/vbg at/in ./.


	Although/cs Utopian/jj communism/nn is/bez both/abx new/jj in/in 1516/cd and/cc also/rb modern/jj ,/, it/pps is/bez not/* modern/jj communism/nn or/cc even/rb modern/jj socialism/nn ,/, as/cs they/ppss exist/vb or/cc have/hv ever/rb existed/vbn in/in theory/nn or/cc in/in practice/nn ./.
Consider/vb the/at features/nns of/in Utopian/jj communism/nn :/: generous/jj public/jj provision/nn for/in the/at infirm/jj ;/. ;/.
democratic/jj and/cc secret/jj elections/nns of/in all/abn officers/nns including/in priests/nns ,/, meals/nns taken/vbn publicly/rb in/in common/jj refectories/nns ;/. ;/.
a/at common/jj habit/nn or/cc uniform/nn prescribed/vbn for/in all/abn citizens/nns ;/. ;/.
even/rb houses/nns changed/vbn once/rb a/at decade/nn ;/. ;/.
six/cd hours/nns of/in manual/jj labor/nn a/at day/nn for/in all/abn but/in a/at handful/nn of/in magistrates/nns and/cc scholars/nns ,/, and/cc careful/jj measures/nns to/to prevent/vb anyone/pn from/in shirking/vbg ;/. ;/.
no/at private/jj property/nn ,/, no/at money/nn ;/. ;/.
no/at sort/nn of/in pricing/vbg at/in all/abn for/in any/dti goods/nns or/cc services/nns ,/, and/cc therefore/rb no/at market/nn in/in the/at economic/jj sense/nn of/in the/at term/nn ./.
Whatever/wdt the/at merits/nns of/in its/pp$ intent/nn ,/, Utopian/jj communism/nn is/bez far/ql too/ql naive/jj ,/, far/ql too/ql crude/jj ,/, to/to suit/vb any/dti modern/jj socialist/nn or/cc communist/nn ./.
It/pps is/bez not/* the/at details/nns of/in Utopian/jj communism/nn that/wps make/vb Utopia/np-tl modern/jj ,/, it/pps is/bez the/at spirit/nn ,/, the/at attitude/nn of/in mind/nn that/wps informs/vbz those/dts details/nns ./.
What/wdt that/dt spirit/nn and/cc attitude/nn were/bed we/ppss can/md best/rbt understand/vb if/cs we/ppss see/vb more/ql precisely/rb how/wrb it/pps contrasts/vbz with/in the/at communist/nn tradition/nn with/in the/at longest/jjt continuous/jj history/nn ,/, the/at one/cd which/wdt reached/vbd Christianity/np by/in the/at way/nn of/in Stoicism/nn-tl through/in the/at Church/nn-tl Fathers/nns-tl of/in Late/jj-tl Antiquity/nn-tl ./.

