In/in sentences/nns ,/, patterns/nns of/in stress/nn are/ber determined/vbn by/in complex/jj combinations/nns of/in influences/nns that/wps can/md only/rb be/be suggested/vbn here/rb ./.
The/at tendency/nn is/bez toward/in putting/vbg dominant/jj stress/nn at/in the/at end/nn ./.
There/ex is/bez a/at parallel/nn to/in this/dt tendency/nn in/in the/at assignment/nn of/in time/nn in/in long-known/jj hymn/nn tunes/nns ./.
Thus/rb the/at first/od lines/nns of/in one/cd of/in Charles/np Wesley's/np$ hymns/nns are/ber as/cs follows/vbz ./.
``/`` A/at-nc charge/nn-nc to/to-nc keep/vb-nc I/ppss-nc have/hv-nc ,/,-nc A/at God/np to/to glorify/vb ''/'' ./.
In/in the/at tune/nn to/in which/wdt this/dt hymn/nn is/bez most/ql often/rb sung/vbn ,/, ``/`` Boylston/np ''/'' ,/, the/at syllables/nns have/hv-nc and/cc fy/nn-nc ,/, ending/vbg their/pp$ lines/nns ,/, have/hv twice/rb the/at time/nn any/dti other/ap syllables/nns have/hv ./.
Dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez of/in course/nn more/ap than/cs extended/vbn duration/nn ,/, and/cc normally/rb centers/vbz on/in syllables/nns that/wps would/md have/hv primary/jj stress/nn or/cc phrase/nn stress/nn if/cs the/at words/nns or/cc longer/jjr units/nns they/ppss are/ber parts/nns of/in were/bed spoken/vbn alone/rb :/: a/at dominant/jj stress/nn given/vbn to/in glorify/vb-nc would/md normally/rb center/vb on/in its/pp$ first/od syllable/nn rather/rb than/cs its/pp$ last/ap ./.
But/cc the/at parallel/nn is/bez significant/jj ./.
When/wrb the/at answer/nn to/in what's/wdt+bez-nc wrong/jj-nc now/rb-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
Is/bez Bill's/np+hvz-nc broken/vbn-nc a/at-nc chair/nn-nc ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md usually/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn a/at-nc chair/nn-nc ./.
From/in the/at point/nn of/in view/nn of/in syntactic/jj analysis/nn the/at head/nn word/nn in/in the/at statement/nn is/bez the/at predicator/nn has/hvz-nc broken/vbn-nc ,/, and/cc from/in the/at point/nn of/in view/nn of/in meaning/nn it/pps would/md seem/vb that/cs the/at trouble/nn centers/vbz in/in the/at breaking/nn ;/. ;/.
but/cc dominant/jj stress/nn will/md be/be assigned/vbn to/in broken/vbn-nc only/rb in/in rather/ql exceptional/jj versions/nns of/in the/at sentence/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss-nc know/vb-nc one/cd-nc thing/nn-nc dominant/jj stress/nn will/md usually/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn one/cd-nc thing/nn-nc ;/. ;/.
in/in one/cd-nc thing/nn-nc I/ppss-nc know/vb-nc it/pps will/md usually/rb be/be on/in the/at predicator/nn know/vb-nc ./.
In/in small-town/nn-nc people/nns-nc are/ber-nc very/ql-nc friendly/jj-nc dominant/jj stress/nn will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn very/ql-nc friendly/jj-nc ;/. ;/.
in/in the/at double/jj sentence/nn the/at-nc smaller/jjr-nc the/at-nc town/nn-nc ,/,-nc the/at-nc friendlier/jjr-nc the/at-nc people/nns-nc it/pps will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at subjects/nns the/at-nc town/nn-nc and/cc the/at-nc people/nns-nc ./.
In/in what's/wdt+bez-nc a/at-nc linguist/nn-nc ?/. ?/.
dominant/jj stress/nn will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at subject/nn a/at-nc linguist/nn-nc ;/. ;/.
in/in who's/wps+bez-nc a/at-nc linguist/nn-nc ?/nil it/pps will/md generally/rb be/be on/in the/at complement/nn a/at-nc linguist/nn-nc ./.
Dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez on/in her/pp$-nc luggage/nn-nc both/abx in/in that's/dt+bez-nc her/pp$-nc luggage/nn-nc ,/, where/wrb her/pp$-nc luggage/nn-nc is/bez the/at complement/nn ,/, and/cc in/in there's/rb+bez-nc her/pp$-nc luggage/nn-nc ,/, where/wrb it/pps is/bez the/at subject/nn ./.
Adverbial/jj second/od complements/nns ,/, however/rb ,/, are/ber likely/jj not/* to/to have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn when/wrb they/ppss terminate/vb sentences/nns ./.
If/cs the/at answer/nn to/in what/wdt-nc was/bedz-nc that/dt-nc noise/nn-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
Is/bez George/np-nc put/vbd-nc the/at-nc cat/nn-nc out/rp-nc ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md ordinarily/rb be/be on/in the/at first/od complement/nn ,/, the/at-nc cat/nn-nc ,/, not/* the/at second/od complement/nn out/rp-nc ./.
Final/jj adjuncts/nns may/md or/cc may/md not/* have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn ./.
If/cs the/at answer/nn to/in what/wdt-nc was/bedz-nc that/dt-nc noise/nn-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
Is/bez George/np-nc reads/vbz-nc the/at-nc news/nn-nc emotionally/rb-nc ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn may/md or/cc may/md not/* be/be on/in the/at adjunct/nn emotionally/rb-nc ./.
When/wrb prepositional/jj complements/nns are/ber divided/vbn as/cs in/in what/wdt-nc are/ber-nc you/ppss-nc looking/vbg-nc for/in-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
They/ppss are/ber likely/jj to/to lose/vb dominant/jj stress/nn ./.


	Context/nn is/bez of/in extreme/jj importance/nn ./.
What/wdt is/bez new/jj in/in the/at context/nn is/bez likely/jj to/to be/be made/vbn more/ql prominent/jj than/cs what/wdt is/bez not/* ./.
Thus/rb in/in a/at context/nn in/in which/wdt there/ex has/hvz been/ben discussion/nn of/in snow/nn but/cc mention/nn of/in local/jj conditions/nns is/bez new/jj ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md probably/rb be/be on/in here/rb-nc in/in it/pps-nc rarely/rb-nc snows/vbz-nc here/rb-nc ,/, but/cc in/in a/at context/nn in/in which/wdt there/ex has/hvz been/ben discussion/nn of/in local/jj weather/nn but/cc no/at mention/nn of/in snow/nn ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn will/md probably/rb be/be on/in snows/vbz-nc ./.
The/at personal/jj pronouns/nns and/cc substitute/jj one/pn-nc are/ber normally/rb unstressed/jj because/cs they/ppss refer/vb to/in what/wdt is/bez prominent/jj in/in the/at immediate/jj context/nn ./.
In/in I'll/ppss+md-nc go/vb-nc with/in-nc George/np-nc dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez probably/rb on/in George/np-nc ;/. ;/.
but/in if/cs George/np has/hvz just/rb been/ben mentioned/vbn prominently/rb (/( and/cc the/at trip/nn to/to be/be made/vbn has/hvz been/ben under/in discussion/nn )/) ,/, what/wdt is/bez said/vbn is/bez probably/rb I'll/ppss+md-nc go/vb-nc with/in-nc him/ppo-nc ,/, and/cc dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez probably/rb on/in the/at preposition/nn with/in-nc ./.
When/wrb a/at gesture/nn accompanies/vbz who's/wps+bez-nc he/pps-nc ?/. ?/.
the/at personal/jj pronoun/nn has/hvz dominant/jj stress/nn because/cs ``/`` he/pps-nc ''/'' has/hvz not/* been/ben mentioned/vbn previously/rb ./.
If/cs both/abx George/np and/cc a/at piece/nn of/in information/nn George/np does/doz not/* have/hv are/ber prominent/jj in/in the/at context/nn ,/, but/cc the/at idea/nn of/in telling/vbg George/np is/bez new/jj ,/, then/rb dominant/jj stress/nn will/md probably/rb be/be on/in tell/vb-nc in/in why/wrb-nc not/*-nc tell/vb-nc George/np-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
But/cc when/wrb what/wdt is/bez new/jj in/in a/at particular/jj context/nn is/bez also/rb fairly/ql obvious/jj ,/, there/ex is/bez normally/rb only/rb light/jj stress/nn or/cc no/at stress/nn at/in all/abn ./.
Thus/rb the/at unstressed/jj it/pps-nc of/in it/pps-nc rarely/rb-nc snows/vbz-nc here/rb-nc gets/vbz its/pp$ significance/nn from/in its/pp$ use/nn with/in snows/vbz-nc :/: nothing/pn can/md snow/vb snow/nn but/in ``/`` it/ppo ''/'' ./.
In/in there/ex-nc aren't/ber*-nc many/ap-nc young/jj-nc people/nns-nc in/in-nc the/at-nc neighborhood/nn-nc the/at modifier/nn young/jj-nc takes/vbz dominant/jj stress/nn away/rb from/in its/pp$ head/nn people/nns-nc :/: the/at fact/nn that/cs the/at young/jj creatures/nns of/in interest/nn are/ber people/nns seems/vbz rather/ql obvious/jj ./.
If/cs women/nns-nc replaced/vbd people/nns-nc ,/, it/pps would/md normally/rb have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss-nc have/hv-nc things/nns-nc to/to-nc do/do-nc the/at word/nn things/nns-nc makes/vbz little/ap real/jj contribution/nn to/in meaning/nn and/cc has/hvz weaker/jjr stress/nn than/cs do/do-nc ./.
If/cs work/nn-nc is/bez substituted/vbn for/in things/nns-nc (/( with/in more/ql exact/jj contribution/nn to/in meaning/nn )/) ,/, it/pps will/md have/hv dominant/jj stress/nn ./.
In/in I/ppss-nc know/vb-nc one/cd-nc thing/nn-nc dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez likely/jj to/to go/vb to/in one/cd-nc rather/rb than/cs to/in semantically/rb pale/jj thing/nn-nc ./.
In/in I/ppss-nc knew/vbd-nc you/ppo-nc when/wrb-nc you/ppss-nc were/bed-nc a/at-nc child/nn-nc ,/, and/cc-nc you/ppss-nc were/bed-nc pretty/jj-nc then/rb-nc dominant/jj stress/nn on/in then/rb-nc implies/vbz that/cs the/at young/jj woman/nn spoken/vbn to/in is/bez still/rb pretty/jj ./.
Dominant/jj stress/nn on/in pretty/jj-nc would/md be/be almost/ql insulting/jj here/rb ./.
In/in the/at written/vbn language/nn then/rb-nc can/md be/be underlined/vbn or/cc italicized/vbn to/to guide/vb the/at reader/nn here/rb ,/, but/cc much/ap of/in the/at time/nn the/at written/vbn language/nn simply/rb depends/vbz on/in the/at reader's/nn$ alertness/nn ,/, and/cc a/at careless/jj reader/nn will/md have/hv to/to back/vb up/rp and/cc reread/vb ./.


	Often/rb ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn simply/rb indicates/vbz a/at centering/nn of/in attention/nn or/cc emotion/nn ./.
Thus/rb in/in it's/pps+bez-nc incredible/jj-nc what/wdt-nc that/dt-nc boy/nn-nc can/md-nc eat/vb-nc dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez likely/jj to/to be/be on/in incredible/jj-nc ,/, and/cc eat/vb-nc will/md have/hv strong/jj stress/nn also/rb ./.
In/in she/pps-nc has/hvz-nc it/ppo-nc in/rp-nc for/in-nc George/np-nc dominant/jj stress/nn will/md ordinarily/rb be/be on/in in/rp-nc ,/, where/wrb the/at notion/nn of/in stored-up/jj antipathy/nn seems/vbz to/to center/vb ./.
In/in we're/ppss+ber-nc painting/vbg-nc at/in-nc our/pp$-nc garage/nn-nc strong/jj stress/nn on/in at/in-nc indicates/vbz that/cs the/at job/nn being/beg done/vbn is/bez not/* real/jj painting/nn but/cc simply/rb an/at effort/nn at/in painting/vbg ./.
Where/wrb there/ex is/bez comparison/nn or/cc contrast/nn ,/, dominant/jj stresses/nns normally/rb operate/vb to/to center/vb attention/nn ./.
Thus/rb in/in his/pp$-nc friends/nns-nc are/ber-nc stranger/jjr-nc than/cs-nc his/pp$-nc sisters'/nns$-nc strong/jj stresses/nns are/ber normal/jj for/in his/pp$-nc and/cc sisters'/nns$-nc ,/, but/cc in/in his/pp$-nc friends/nns-nc are/ber-nc stranger/jjr-nc than/in-nc his/pp$-nc sisters/nns-nc strong/jj stresses/nns are/ber normal/jj for/in friends/nns-nc and/cc sisters/nns-nc ./.
In/in he's/pps+bez-nc hurting/vbg-nc himself/ppl-nc more/rbr-nc than/cs-nc he's/pps+bez-nc hurting/vbg-nc you/ppo-nc both/abx himself/ppl-nc and/cc you/ppo-nc have/hv stronger/jjr stress/nn than/cs they/ppss would/md ordinarily/rb have/hv if/cs there/ex were/bed no/at contrast/nn ./.
In/in is/bez-nc she/pps-nc Chinese/jj-nc or/cc-nc Japanese/jj-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
The/at desire/nn to/to contrast/vb the/at first/od parts/nns of/in words/nns which/wdt are/ber alike/jj in/in their/pp$ last/ap components/nns produces/vbz an/at exceptional/jj disregard/nn of/in the/at normal/jj patterns/nns of/in stress/nn of/in Chinese/np-nc and/cc Japanese/jj-nc ./.
Sometimes/rb strong/jj stress/nn serves/vbz to/to focus/vb an/at important/jj secondary/jj relationship/nn ./.
Thus/rb in/in Mary/np-nc wrote/vbd-nc an/at-nc account/nn-nc of/in-nc the/at-nc trip/nn-nc first/od-nc strong/jj stress/nn on/in Mary/np-nc marks/vbz Mary/np-nc as/cs the/at first/od in/in a/at series/nn of/in people/nns who/wps wrote/vbd accounts/nns of/in the/at trip/nn ,/, strong/jj stress/nn on/in wrote/vbd-nc marks/vbz the/at writing/nn as/cs the/at first/od of/in a/at series/nn of/in actions/nns of/in Mary's/np$ concerned/vbn with/in an/at account/nn of/in her/pp$ trip/nn (/( about/in which/wdt she/pps may/md later/rbr have/hv made/vbn speeches/nns ,/, for/in example/nn )/) ,/, and/cc strong/jj stress/nn on/in trip/nn-nc makes/vbz the/at trip/nn the/at first/od of/in a/at series/nn of/in subjects/nns about/in which/wdt Mary/np wrote/vbd accounts/nns ./.
In/in hunger/nn-nc stimulates/vbz-nc man/nn-nc too/rb-nc the/at situation/nn is/bez very/ql similar/jj ./.
Strong/jj stress/nn on/in hunger/nn-nc treats/vbz hunger/nn as/cs an/at additional/jj stimulus/nn ,/, strong/jj stress/nn on/in stimulates/vbz-nc treats/nns stimulation/nn as/cs an/at additional/jj effect/nn of/in hunger/nn ,/, strong/jj stress/nn on/in man/nn-nc treats/vbz man/nn as/cs an/at additional/jj creature/nn who/wps responds/vbz to/in the/at stimulation/nn of/in hunger/nn ./.
Here/rb again/rb ,/, in/in the/at written/vbn language/nn it/pps is/bez possible/jj to/to help/vb the/at reader/nn get/vb his/pp$ stresses/nns right/jj by/in using/vbg underlining/vbg or/cc italics/nns ,/, but/cc much/ap of/in the/at time/nn there/ex is/bez simply/rb reliance/nn on/in his/pp$ understanding/nn in/in the/at light/nn of/in context/nn ./.


	When/wrb a/at word/nn represents/vbz a/at larger/jjr construction/nn of/in which/wdt it/pps is/bez the/at only/ap expressed/vbn part/nn ,/, it/pps normally/rb has/hvz more/ap stress/nn than/cs it/pps would/md have/hv in/in fully/ql expressed/vbn construction/nn ./.
Thus/rb when/wrb yes/rb-nc ,/, I/ppss-nc have/hv-nc is/bez the/at response/nn to/in have/hv-nc you/ppss-nc finished/vbn-nc reading/vbg-nc the/at-nc paper/nn-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
The/at stress/nn on/in have/hv-nc ,/, which/wdt here/rb represents/vbz have/hv-nc finished/vbn-nc reading/vbg-nc the/at-nc paper/nn-nc ,/, is/bez quite/ql strong/jj ./.
In/in Mack's/np+bez-nc the/at-nc leader/nn-nc at/in-nc camp/nn-nc ,/, but/cc-nc Jack/np-nc is/bez-nc here/rb-nc the/at is/bez-nc of/in the/at second/od main/jjs declarative/nn represents/vbz is/bez-nc the/at-nc leader/nn-nc and/cc therefore/rb has/hvz stress/nn ./.
Mack's/np+bez-nc the/at-nc leader/nn-nc at/in-nc camp/nn-nc ,/,-nc but/cc-nc Jack's/np+bez-nc here/rb-nc ,/, with/in this/dt is/bez-nc deprived/vbn of/in stress/nn ,/, makes/vbz here/rb-nc the/at complement/nn in/in the/at clause/nn ./.
In/in of/in-nc all/abn-nc the/at-nc suggestions/nns-nc that/wps-nc were/bed-nc made/vbn-nc ,/,-nc his/pp$-nc was/bedz-nc the/at-nc silliest/jjt-nc the/at possessive/nn his/pp$-nc represents/vbz his/pp$-nc suggestion/nn-nc and/cc is/bez stressed/vbn ./.
When/wrb go/vb-nc represents/vbz itself/ppl and/cc a/at complement/nn (/( being/beg equivalent/jj ,/, say/uh ,/, to/in go/vb-nc to/in-nc Martinique/np-nc )/) in/in which/wdt-nc boat/nn-nc did/dod-nc Jack/np-nc go/vb-nc on/in-nc ?/.-nc ?/.-nc
It/pps has/hvz strong/jj stress/nn ;/. ;/.
when/wrb it/pps represents/vbz only/rb itself/ppl and/cc on/in-nc which/wdt-nc is/bez its/pp$ complement/nn (/( so/cs that/cs go/vb-nc on/in-nc is/bez semantically/rb equivalent/jj to/in board/vb-nc )/) ,/, on/in-nc has/hvz stronger/jjr stress/nn than/cs go/vb-nc does/doz ./.
Omission/nn of/in a/at subordinator/nn pronoun/nn ,/, however/rb ,/, does/doz not/* result/vb in/in an/at increase/nn in/in stress/nn on/in a/at prepositional/jj adverb/nn for/in which/wdt the/at subordinator/nn pronoun/nn would/md be/be object/nn ./.
Thus/rb to/in-nc has/hvz light/jj stress/nn both/abx in/in that/dt-nc was/bedz-nc the/at-nc conclusion/nn-nc that/wpo-nc I/ppss-nc came/vbd-nc to/in-nc and/cc in/in that/dt-nc was/bedz-nc the/at-nc conclusion/nn-nc I/ppss-nc came/vbd-nc to/in-nc ./.
But/cc when/wrb to/to-nc represents/vbz to/in-nc consciousness/nn-nc in/in that/wps-nc was/bedz-nc the/at-nc moment/nn-nc that/cs-nc I/ppss-nc came/vbd-nc to/in-nc ,/, and/cc similarly/rb in/in that/wps-nc was/bedz-nc the/at-nc moment/nn-nc I/ppss-nc came/vbd-nc to/in-nc ,/, there/ex is/bez much/ql stronger/jjr stress/nn on/in to/in-nc ./.
In/in I/ppss-nc wanted/vbd-nc to/to-nc tell/vb-nc him/ppo-nc ,/,-nc but/cc-nc I/ppss-nc was/bedz-nc afraid/jj-nc to/to-nc the/at final/jj to/to-nc is/bez lightly/rb stressed/vbn because/cs it/pps represents/vbz to/to-nc tell/vb-nc him/ppo-nc ./.
In/in to/to-nc tell/vb-nc him/ppo-nc ,/, of/in course/nn ,/, to/to-nc is/bez normally/rb unstressed/jj ./.
When/wrb I/ppss-nc have/hv-nc instructions/nns-nc to/to-nc leave/vb-nc is/bez equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in I/ppss-nc have/hv-nc instructions/nns-nc that/cs-nc I/ppss-nc am/bem-nc to/to-nc leave/vb-nc this/dt-nc place/nn-nc ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez ordinarily/rb on/in leave/vb-nc ./.
When/wrb the/at same/ap sequence/nn is/bez equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in I/ppss-nc have/hv-nc instructions/nns-nc which/wdt-nc I/ppss-nc am/bem-nc to/to-nc leave/vb-nc ,/, dominant/jj stress/nn is/bez ordinarily/rb on/in instructions/nns-nc ./.


	It/pps is/bez clear/jj that/cs patterns/nns of/in stress/nn sometimes/rb show/vb construction/nn unambiguously/rb in/in the/at spoken/vbn language/nn where/wrb without/in the/at help/nn of/in context/nn it/pps would/md be/be ambiguous/jj in/in the/at written/vbn ./.
Other/ap examples/nns follow/vb ./.
``/`` I'll/ppss+md come/vb by/rb Tuesday/nr ./.
I/ppss can't/md* be/be happy/jj long/rb without/in drinking/vbg water/nn ''/'' ./.
In/in the/at first/od of/in these/dts sentences/nns if/cs by/in-nc is/bez the/at complement/nn of/in come/vb-nc and/cc Tuesday/nr-nc is/bez an/at adjunct/nn of/in time/nn equivalent/jj to/in on/in-nc Tuesday/nr-nc ,/, there/ex will/md be/be strong/jj stress/nn on/in by/in-nc in/in the/at spoken/vbn language/nn ;/. ;/.
but/cc if/cs a/at complement/nn for/in come/vb-nc is/bez implied/vbn and/cc by/in-nc Tuesday/nr-nc is/bez a/at prepositional/jj unit/nn used/vbn as/cs an/at adjunct/nn ,/, by/in-nc will/md be/be unstressed/jj or/cc lightly/rb stressed/vbn at/in most/ap ./.
In/in the/at second/od sentence/nn if/cs drinking/vbg-nc water/nn-nc is/bez a/at gerundial/jj clause/nn and/cc without/in-nc drinking/vbg-nc water/nn-nc is/bez roughly/ql equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in unless/cs-nc I/ppss-nc drink/vb-nc water/nn-nc ,/, there/ex will/md be/be stronger/jjr stress/nn on/in water/nn-nc than/cs on/in drinking/vbg-nc ;/. ;/.
but/cc if/cs drinking/vbg-nc is/bez a/at gerundial/jj noun/nn modifying/vbg water/nn-nc and/cc without/in-nc drinking/vbg-nc water/nn-nc is/bez equivalent/jj to/in without/in-nc water/nn-nc for/in-nc drinking/vbg-nc ,/, there/ex will/md be/be stronger/jjr stress/nn on/in drinking/vbg-nc than/cs on/in water/nn-nc ./.
But/cc the/at use/nn of/in stress/nn in/in comparison/nn and/cc contrast/nn ,/, for/in example/nn ,/, can/md undermine/vb distinctions/nns such/jj as/cs these/dts ./.
And/cc patterns/nns of/in stress/nn are/ber not/* always/rb unambiguous/jj by/in any/dti means/nns ./.
In/in the/at-nc Steiners/nps-nc have/hv-nc busy/jj-nc lives/nns-nc without/in-nc visiting/vbg-nc relatives/nns-nc only/ap context/nn can/md indicate/vb whether/cs visiting/vbg-nc relatives/nns-nc is/bez equivalent/jj in/in meaning/nn to/in paying/vbg visits/nns to/in relatives/nns or/cc to/in relatives/nns who/wps are/ber visiting/vbg them/ppo ,/, and/cc in/in I/ppss-nc looked/vbd-nc up/rp-nc the/at-nc number/nn-nc and/cc I/ppss-nc looked/vbd-nc up/in-nc the/at-nc chimney/nn-nc only/rb the/at meanings/nns of/in number/nn-nc and/cc chimney/nn-nc make/vb it/ppo clear/jj that/cs up/in-nc is/bez syntactically/rb a/at second/od complement/nn in/in the/at first/od sentence/nn and/cc a/at preposition/nn followed/vbn by/in its/pp$ object/nn in/in the/at second/od ./.



Syllabification/nn-hl ./.-hl

--/-- Syllables/nns are/ber linguistic/jj units/nns centering/vbg in/in peaks/nns which/wdt are/ber usually/rb vocalic/jj but/cc ,/, as/cs has/hvz been/ben noted/vbn ,/, are/ber consonantal/jj under/in certain/ap circumstances/nns ,/, and/cc which/wdt may/md or/cc may/md not/* be/be combined/vbn with/in preceding/vbg and/or/cc following/vbg consonants/nns or/cc combinations/nns of/in consonants/nns ./.
Syllables/nns are/ber genuine/jj units/nns ,/, but/cc division/nn of/in words/nns and/cc sentences/nns into/in them/ppo presents/vbz great/jj difficulties/nns ./.
Sometimes/rb even/rb the/at number/nn of/in syllables/nns is/bez not/* clear/jj ./.
Doubt/nn on/in this/dt point/nn is/bez strongest/jjt before/in /l//nn and/cc AAb//nn or/cc /r//nn ./.
From/in the/at point/nn of/in view/nn of/in word/nn formation/nn real/jj-nc might/md be/be expected/vbn to/to have/hv two/cd syllables/nns ./.
Historically/rb re/nn is/bez the/at formative/nn that/wps is/bez employed/vbn also/rb in/in republic/nn-nc ,/, and/cc al/nn is/bez the/at common/jj suffix/nn ./.
When/wrb ity/nn is/bez added/vbn ,/, real/jj-nc clearly/rb has/hvz two/cd syllables/nns ./.
But/cc there/ex is/bez every/at reason/nn to/to regard/vb deal/vb-nc as/cs a/at monosyllable/nn ,/, and/cc because/rb of/in the/at fact/nn that/cs /l//nn commonly/rb has/hvz the/at quality/nn of/in AAb//nn when/wrb it/pps follows/vbz vowel/nn sounds/nns ,/, deal/vb-nc seems/vbz to/to be/be a/at perfectly/ql satisfactory/jj rhyme/nn with/in deal/vb-nc ./.

