|  | Acme manages windows of text that may be edited interactively
    or by external programs. The interactive interface uses the keyboard
    and mouse; external programs use a set of files served by acme;
    these are discussed in acme(4). 
    
    
    Any named files are read into acme windows before acme accepts
    input. With the −l option, the state of the entire system is loaded
    from file, which should have been created by a Dump command (q.v.),
    and subsequent file names are ignored. Plain files display as
    text; directories display as columnated lists of the names of
    their components, as in ls
    −p directory|mc except that the names of subdirectories have a
    slash appended. 
    
    
    The −f (−F) option sets the main font, usually variable-pitch
    (alternate, usually fixed-pitch); the default is /usr/lib/plan9/font/lucsans/euro.8.font
    (.../lucm/unicode.9.font). Tab intervals are set to the width
    of 4 (or the value of $tabstop) numeral zeros in the appropriate
    font. 
    
    
    The −m option instructs acme to use FUSE (see 9pfuse(4)) to mount
    itself at mtpt. (Experimental.) Windows     If a window holds a directory, the name (first word of the tag)
    will end with a slash.Acme windows are in two parts: a one-line tag above a multi-line
    body. The body typically contains an image of a file, as in sam(1),
    or the output of a program, as in an rio(1) window. The tag contains
    a number of blank-separated words, followed by a vertical bar
    character, followed by anything. The first word is the name of
    the window, typically the
    name of the associated file or directory, and the other words
    are commands available in that window. Any text may be added after
    the bar; examples are strings to search for or commands to execute
    in that window. Changes to the text left of the bar will be ignored,
    unless the result is to change the name of the window.
 
 Scrolling     Each window has a scroll bar to the left of the body. The scroll
    bar behaves much as in sam(1) or rio(1) except that scrolling
    occurs when the button is pressed, rather than released, and continues
    as long as the mouse button is held down in the scroll bar. For
    example, to scroll slowly through a file, hold button 3 down near
    the top of the scroll bar.
    Moving the mouse down the scroll bar speeds up the rate of scrolling.
    (The experimental option −r reverses the scrolling behavior of
    buttons 1 and 3, to behave more like xterm(1).)
 
 Layout     Tags exist at the top of each column and across the whole display.
    Acme pre-loads them with useful commands. Also, the tag across
    the top maintains a list of executing long-running commands.Acme windows are arranged in columns. By default, it creates two
    columns when starting; this can be overridden with the −c option.
    Placement is automatic but may be adjusted using the layout box
    in the upper left corner of each window and column. Pressing and
    holding any mouse button in the box drags the associated window
    or column. For
    windows, just clicking in the layout box grows the window in place:
    button 1 grows it a little, button 2 grows it as much as it can,
    still leaving all other tags in that column visible, and button
    3 takes over the column completely, temporarily hiding other windows
    in the column. (They will return en masse if any of them needs
    attention.) The layout box in a
    window is normally white; when it is black in the center, it records
    that the file is ‘dirty’: acme believes it is modified from its
    original contents.
 
 Typing     Most text, including the names of windows, may be edited uniformly.
    The only exception is that the command names to the left of the
    bar in a tag are maintained automatically; changes to them are
    repaired by acme. 
    
    
    When a window is in autoindent mode (see the Indent command below)
    and a newline character is typed, acme copies leading white space
    on the current line to the new line. The option −a causes each
    window to start in autoindent mode.The behavior of typed text is similar to that in rio(1) except
    that the characters are delivered to the tag or body under the
    mouse; there is no ‘click to type’. (The experimental option −b
    causes typing to go to the most recently clicked-at or made window.)
    The usual backspacing conventions apply. As in sam(1) but not
    rio, the ESC key selects the text
    typed since the last mouse action, a feature particularly useful
    when executing commands. A side effect is that typing ESC with
    text already selected is identical to a Cut command (q.v.).
 
 Directory context     Each window’s tag names a directory: explicitly if the window
    holds a directory; implicitly if it holds a regular file (e.g.
    the directory /adm if the window holds /adm/users). This directory
    provides a context for interpreting file names in that window.
    For example, the string users in a window labeled /adm/ or /adm/keys
    will be interpreted as the file
    name /adm/users. The directory is defined purely textually, so
    it can be a non-existent directory or a real directory associated
    with a non-existent file (e.g. /adm/not−a−file). File names beginning
    with a slash are assumed to be absolute file names.
 
 Errors     Windows whose names begin with − or + conventionally hold diagnostics
    and other data not directly associated with files. A window labeled
    +Errors receives all diagnostics produced by acme itself. Diagnostics
    from commands run by acme appear in a window named directory/+Errors
    where directory is identified by the context of the command.
    These error windows are created when needed.
 
 Mouse button 1     Mouse button 1 selects text just as in sam(1) or rio(1), including
    the usual double-clicking conventions.
 
 Mouse button 2     Some commands, all by convention starting with a capital letter,
    are built-ins that are executed directly by acme:By an action similar to selecting text with button 1, button 2
    indicates text to execute as a command. If the indicated text
    has multiple white-space-separated words, the first is the command
    name and the second and subsequent are its arguments. If button
    2 is ‘clicked’--indicates a null string--acme expands the indicated
    text to find a command to run:
    if the click is within button-1-selected text, acme takes that
    selection as the command; otherwise it takes the largest string
    of valid file name characters containing the click. Valid file
    name characters are alphanumerics and _ . − + /. This behavior
    is similar to double-clicking with button 1 but, because a null
    command is meaningless, only a single click
    is required.
 Cut   Delete most recently selected text and place in snarf buffer.
 Del   Delete window. If window is dirty, instead print a warning;
    a second Del will succeed.
 Delcol
 
 Delete|  |  |  | Delete column and all its windows, after checking that windows
        are not dirty. 
 | 
 
 Dump   Write the state of acme to the file name, if specified, or
    $home/acme.dump by default.|  |  |  | Delete window without checking for dirtiness. 
 | 
 Edit   Treat the argument as a text editing command in the style
    of sam(1). The full Sam language is implemented except for the
    commands k, n, q, and !. The = command is slightly different:
    it includes the file name and gives only the line address unless
    the command is explicitly =#. The ‘current window’ for the command
    is the body of the window
 Exit   Exit acme after checking that windows are not dirty.|  |  |  | in which the Edit command is executed. Usually the Edit command
        would be typed in a tag; longer commands may be prepared in a
        scratch window and executed, with Edit itself in the current window,
        using the 2-1 chord described below. 
 | 
 Font   With no arguments, change the font of the associated window
    from fixed-spaced to proportional-spaced or vice versa. Given
    a file name argument, change the font of the window to that stored
    in the named file. If the file name argument is prefixed by var
    (fix), also set the default proportional-spaced (fixed-spaced)
    font for future use to that
 Get   Load file into window, replacing previous contents (after checking
    for dirtiness as in Del). With no argument, use the existing file
    name of the window. Given an argument, use that file but do not
    change the window’s file name.|  |  |  | font. Other existing windows are unaffected. 
 | 
 ID    Print window ID number (q.v.).
 Incl   When opening ‘include’ files (those enclosed in <>) with button
    3, acme searches in directories /$objtype/include and /sys/include.
    Incl adds its arguments to a supplementary list of include directories,
    analogous to the −I option to the compilers. This list is per-window
    and is inherited when windows are created by actions in that
 Indent|  |  |  | window, so Incl is most usefully applied to a directory containing
        relevant source. With no arguments, Incl prints the supplementary
        list. This command is largely superseded by plumbing (see plumb(7)). 
 | 
 
 Kill   Send a kill note to acme-initiated commands named as arguments.|  |  |  | Set the autoindent mode according to the argument: on and off
        set the mode for the current window; ON and OFF set the mode for
        all existing and future windows. 
 | 
 Load   Restore the state of acme from a file (default $home/acme.dump)
    created by the Dump command.
 LocalIn the Plan 9 acme, this prefix causes a command to be run
    in acme’sown file name space and environment variable group. On
    Unix this is impossible. Local is recognized as a prefix, but
    has no effect on the command being executed.
 Look   Search in body for occurrence of literal text indicated by
    the argument or, if none is given, by the selected text in the
    body.
 New   Make new window. With arguments, load the named files into
    windows.
 Newcol
 PasteReplace most recently selected text with contents of snarf
    buffer.
 Put   Write window to the named file. With no argument, write to
    the file named in the tag of the window.
 Putall
 
 Redo   Complement of Undo.|  |  |  | Write all dirty windows whose names indicate existing regular
        files. 
 | 
 Send   Append selected text or snarf buffer to end of body; used
    mainly with win.
 SnarfPlace selected text in snarf buffer.
 Sort   Arrange the windows in the column from top to bottom in lexicographical
    order based on their names.
 Tab   Set the width of tab stops for this window to the value of
    the argument, in units of widths of the zero character. With no
    arguments, it prints the current value.
 Undo   Undo last textual change or set of changes.
 ZeroxCreate a copy of the window containing most recently selected
    text.
 <|>   If a regular shell command is preceded by a <, |, or > character,
    the selected text in the body of the window is affected by the
    I/O from the command. The < character causes the selection to be
    replaced by the standard output of the command; > causes the selection
    to be sent as standard input to the command; and | does both at
    once, ‘piping’
 A common place to store text for commands is in the tag; in fact
    acme maintains a set of commands appropriate to the state of the
    window to the left of the bar in the tag. 
    
    
    If the text indicated with button 2 is not a recognized built-in,
    it is executed as a shell command. For example, indicating date
    with button 2 runs date(1). The standard and error outputs of
    commands are sent to the error window associated with the directory
    from which the command was run, which will be created if necessary.
    For example, in a window
    /etc/passwd executing pwd will produce the output /etc in a (possibly
    newly-created) window labeled /etc/+Errors; in a window containing
    /home/rob/sam/sam.c executing mk will run mk(1) in /home/rob/sam,
    producing output in a window labeled /home/rob/sam/+Errors. The
    environment of such commands contains the variable $%
    and $samfile with value set to the filename of the window in which
    the command is run, and $winid set to the window’s id number (see
    acme(4)). 
    
    
    The environment variable $acmeshell determines which shell is
    used to execute such commands; the rc(1) shell is used by default.|  |  |  | the selection through the command and replacing it with the output. | 
 
 Mouse button 3     If the text names an existing window, acme moves the mouse cursor
    to the selected text in the body of that window. If the text names
    an existing file with no associated window, acme loads the file
    into a new window and moves the mouse there. If the text is a
    file name contained in angle brackets, acme loads the indicated
    include file from the directory
    appropriate to the suffix of the file name of the window holding
    the text. (The Incl command adds directories to the standard list.)
    
    
    
    If the text begins with a colon, it is taken to be an address,
    in the style of sam(1), within the body of the window containing
    the text. The address is evaluated, the resulting text highlighted,
    and the mouse moved to it. Thus, in acme, one must type :/regexp
    or :127 not just /regexp or 127. (There is an easier way to locate
    literal text; see below.) 
    
    
    If the text is a file name followed by a colon and an address,
    acme loads the file and evaluates the address. For example, clicking
    button 3 anywhere in the text file.c:27 will open file.c, select
    line 27, and put the mouse at the beginning of the line. The rules
    about Error files, directories, and so on all combine to make
    this an efficient way to
    investigate errors from compilers, etc. 
    
    
    If the text is not an address or file, it is taken to be literal
    text, which is then searched for in the body of the window in
    which button 3 was clicked. If a match is found, it is selected
    and the mouse is moved there. Thus, to search for occurrences
    of a word in a file, just click button 3 on the word. Because
    of the rule of using the selection as the button 3
    action, subsequent clicks will find subsequent occurrences without
    moving the mouse. 
    
    
    In all these actions, the mouse motion is not done if the text
    is a null string within a non-null selected string in the tag,
    so that (for example) complex regular expressions may be selected
    and applied repeatedly to the body by just clicking button 3 over
    them.Pointing at text with button 3 instructs acme to locate or acquire
    the file, string, etc. described by the indicated text and its
    context. This description follows the actions taken when button
    3 is released after sweeping out some text. In the description,
    text refers to the text of the original sweep or, if it was null,
    the result of applying the same expansion
    rules that apply to button 2 actions.
 
 Chords of mouse buttons     Commands may be given extra arguments by a mouse chord with buttons
    2 and 1. While holding down button 2 on text to be executed as
    a command, clicking button 1 appends the text last pointed to
    by button 1 as a distinct final argument. For example, to search
    for literal text one may execute Look text with button 2 or instead
    point at text with
    button 1 in any window, release button 1, then execute Look, clicking
    button 1 while 2 is held down. 
    
    
    When an external command (e.g. echo(1)) is executed this way,
    the extra argument is passed as expected and an environment variable
    $acmeaddr is created that holds, in the form interpreted by button
    3, the fully-qualified address of the extra argument.Several operations are bound to multiple-button actions. After
    selecting text, with button 1 still down, pressing button 2 executes
    Cut and button 3 executes Paste. After clicking one button, the
    other undoes the first; thus (while holding down button 1) 2 followed
    by 3 is a Snarf that leaves the file undirtied; 3 followed by
    2 is a no-op. These actions
    also apply to text selected by double-clicking because the double-click
    expansion is made when the second click starts, not when it ends.
 
 Support programs     Awd loads the tag line of its window with the directory in which
    it’s running, suffixed −label (default rc); it is intended to
    be executed by a cd function for use in win windows. An example
    definition isWin creates a new acme window and runs a command (default $SHELL)
    in it, turning the window into something analogous to an 9term(1)
    window. Executing text in a win window with button 2 is similar
    to using Send. Win windows follow the same scrolling heuristic
    as in 9term(1): the window scrolls on output only if the window
    is displaying the end of
    the buffer.
 
 |  |  |  | fn cd { builtin cd $1 && awd $sysname } 
 | 
 Applications and guide files     Whenever a command is executed by acme, the default search path
    includes the directory of the window containing the command and
    its subdirectory $cputype. The program directories in /acme contain
    appropriately labeled subdirectories of binaries, so commands
    named in the guide files will be found automatically when run.
    Also, acme binds the
    directories /acme/bin and /acme/bin/$cputype to the end of /bin
    when it starts; this is where acme-specific programs such as win
    and awd reside.In the directory /acme live several subdirectories, each corresponding
    to a program or set of related programs that employ acme’s user
    interface. Each subdirectory includes source, binaries, and a
    readme file for further information. It also includes a guide,
    a text file holding sample commands to invoke the programs. The
    idea is to find an example in
    the guide that best matches the job at hand, edit it to suit,
    and execute it.
 
 |