"""
Implementation of the Wright, Richmond, Odlyzko and McKay (WROM)
algorithm for the enumeration of all non-isomorphic free trees of a
given order.  Rooted trees are represented by level sequences, i.e.,
lists in which the i-th element specifies the distance of vertex i to
the root.

"""
#    Copyright (C) 2013 by
#    Aric Hagberg <hagberg@lanl.gov>
#    Dan Schult <dschult@colgate.edu>
#    Pieter Swart <swart@lanl.gov>
#    All rights reserved.
#    BSD license.
__author__ = "\n".join(["Aric Hagberg (hagberg@lanl.gov)",
                        "Mridul Seth (seth.mridul@gmail.com)"])

__all__ = ['nonisomorphic_trees',
           'number_of_nonisomorphic_trees']

import networkx as nx


def nonisomorphic_trees(order, create="graph"):
    """Returns a list of nonisomporphic trees

    Parameters
    ----------
    order : int
      order of the desired tree(s)

    create : graph or matrix (default="Graph)
      If graph is selected a list of trees will be returned,
      if matrix is selected a list of adjancency matrix will
      be returned

    Returns
    -------
    G : List of NetworkX Graphs

    M : List of Adjacency matrices

    References
    ----------

    """

    if order < 2:
        raise ValueError
    # start at the path graph rooted at its center
    layout = list(range(order // 2 + 1)) + list(range(1, (order + 1) // 2))

    while layout is not None:
        layout = _next_tree(layout)
        if layout is not None:
            if create == "graph":
                yield _layout_to_graph(layout)
            elif create == "matrix":
                yield _layout_to_matrix(layout)
            layout = _next_rooted_tree(layout)


def number_of_nonisomorphic_trees(order):
    """Returns the number of nonisomorphic trees

    Parameters
    ----------
    order : int
      order of the desired tree(s)

    Returns
    -------
    length : Number of nonisomorphic graphs for the given order

    References
    ----------

    """
    length = sum(1 for _ in nonisomorphic_trees(order))
    return length


def _next_rooted_tree(predecessor, p=None):
    """One iteration of the Beyer-Hedetniemi algorithm."""

    if p is None:
        p = len(predecessor) - 1
        while predecessor[p] == 1:
            p -= 1
    if p == 0:
        return None

    q = p - 1
    while predecessor[q] != predecessor[p] - 1:
        q -= 1
    result = list(predecessor)
    for i in range(p, len(result)):
        result[i] = result[i - p + q]
    return result


def _next_tree(candidate):
    """One iteration of the Wright, Richmond, Odlyzko and McKay
    algorithm."""

    # valid representation of a free tree if:
    # there are at least two vertices at layer 1
    # (this is always the case because we start at the path graph)
    left, rest = _split_tree(candidate)

    # and the left subtree of the root
    # is less high than the tree with the left subtree removed
    left_height = max(left)
    rest_height = max(rest)
    valid = rest_height >= left_height

    if valid and rest_height == left_height:
        # and, if left and rest are of the same height,
        # if left does not encompass more vertices
        if len(left) > len(rest):
            valid = False
        # and, if they have the same number or vertices,
        # if left does not come after rest lexicographically
        elif len(left) == len(rest) and left > rest:
            valid = False

    if valid:
        return candidate
    else:
        # jump to the next valid free tree
        p = len(left)
        new_candidate = _next_rooted_tree(candidate, p)
        if candidate[p] > 2:
            new_left, new_rest = _split_tree(new_candidate)
            new_left_height = max(new_left)
            suffix = range(1, new_left_height + 2)
            new_candidate[-len(suffix):] = suffix
        return new_candidate


def _split_tree(layout):
    """Return a tuple of two layouts, one containing the left
    subtree of the root vertex, and one containing the original tree
    with the left subtree removed."""

    one_found = False
    m = None
    for i in range(len(layout)):
        if layout[i] == 1:
            if one_found:
                m = i
                break
            else:
                one_found = True

    if m is None:
        m = len(layout)

    left = [layout[i] - 1 for i in range(1, m)]
    rest = [0] + [layout[i] for i in range(m, len(layout))]
    return (left, rest)


def _layout_to_matrix(layout):
    """Create the adjacency matrix for the tree specified by the
    given layout (level sequence)."""

    result = [[0] * len(layout) for i in range(len(layout))]
    stack = []
    for i in range(len(layout)):
        i_level = layout[i]
        if stack:
            j = stack[-1]
            j_level = layout[j]
            while j_level >= i_level:
                stack.pop()
                j = stack[-1]
                j_level = layout[j]
            result[i][j] = result[j][i] = 1
        stack.append(i)
    return result


def _layout_to_graph(layout):
    """Create a NetworkX Graph for the tree specified by the
    given layout(level sequence)"""
    result = [[0] * len(layout) for i in range(len(layout))]
    G = nx.Graph()
    stack = []
    for i in range(len(layout)):
        i_level = layout[i]
        if stack:
            j = stack[-1]
            j_level = layout[j]
            while j_level >= i_level:
                stack.pop()
                j = stack[-1]
                j_level = layout[j]
            G.add_edge(i, j)
        stack.append(i)
    return G
