/*
 * Copyright 2011-2013 Blender Foundation
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

CCL_NAMESPACE_BEGIN

/* Perspective Camera */

ccl_device float2 camera_sample_aperture(KernelGlobals *kg, float u, float v)
{
	float blades = kernel_data.cam.blades;
	float2 bokeh;

	if(blades == 0.0f) {
		/* sample disk */
		bokeh = concentric_sample_disk(u, v);
	}
	else {
		/* sample polygon */
		float rotation = kernel_data.cam.bladesrotation;
		bokeh = regular_polygon_sample(blades, rotation, u, v);
	}

	/* anamorphic lens bokeh */
	bokeh.x *= kernel_data.cam.inv_aperture_ratio;

	return bokeh;
}

ccl_device void camera_sample_perspective(KernelGlobals *kg, float raster_x, float raster_y, float lens_u, float lens_v, ccl_addr_space Ray *ray)
{
	/* create ray form raster position */
	Transform rastertocamera = kernel_data.cam.rastertocamera;
	float3 raster = make_float3(raster_x, raster_y, 0.0f);
	float3 Pcamera = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, raster);

#ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
	if(kernel_data.cam.have_perspective_motion) {
		/* TODO(sergey): Currently we interpolate projected coordinate which
		 * gives nice looking result and which is simple, but is in fact a bit
		 * different comparing to constructing projective matrix from an
		 * interpolated field of view.
		 */
		if(ray->time < 0.5f) {
			Transform rastertocamera_pre = kernel_data.cam.perspective_motion.pre;
			float3 Pcamera_pre =
			        transform_perspective(&rastertocamera_pre, raster);
			Pcamera = interp(Pcamera_pre, Pcamera, ray->time * 2.0f);
		}
		else {
			Transform rastertocamera_post = kernel_data.cam.perspective_motion.post;
			float3 Pcamera_post =
			        transform_perspective(&rastertocamera_post, raster);
			Pcamera = interp(Pcamera, Pcamera_post, (ray->time - 0.5f) * 2.0f);
		}
	}
#endif

	float3 P = make_float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	float3 D = Pcamera;

	/* modify ray for depth of field */
	float aperturesize = kernel_data.cam.aperturesize;

	if(aperturesize > 0.0f) {
		/* sample point on aperture */
		float2 lensuv = camera_sample_aperture(kg, lens_u, lens_v)*aperturesize;

		/* compute point on plane of focus */
		float ft = kernel_data.cam.focaldistance/D.z;
		float3 Pfocus = D*ft;

		/* update ray for effect of lens */
		P = make_float3(lensuv.x, lensuv.y, 0.0f);
		D = normalize(Pfocus - P);
	}

	/* transform ray from camera to world */
	Transform cameratoworld = kernel_data.cam.cameratoworld;

#ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
	if(kernel_data.cam.have_motion) {
#  ifdef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
		const MotionTransform tfm = kernel_data.cam.motion;
		transform_motion_interpolate(&cameratoworld,
		                             ((const DecompMotionTransform*)&tfm),
		                             ray->time);
#  else
		transform_motion_interpolate(&cameratoworld,
		                             ((const DecompMotionTransform*)&kernel_data.cam.motion),
		                             ray->time);
#  endif
	}
#endif

	P = transform_point(&cameratoworld, P);
	D = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, D));

	bool use_stereo = kernel_data.cam.interocular_offset != 0.0f;
	if(!use_stereo) {
		/* No stereo */
		ray->P = P;
		ray->D = D;

#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
		float3 Dcenter = transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Pcamera);

		ray->dP = differential3_zero();
		ray->dD.dx = normalize(Dcenter + float4_to_float3(kernel_data.cam.dx)) - normalize(Dcenter);
		ray->dD.dy = normalize(Dcenter + float4_to_float3(kernel_data.cam.dy)) - normalize(Dcenter);
#endif
	}
	else {
		/* Spherical stereo */
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &P, &D);
		ray->P = P;
		ray->D = D;

#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
		/* Ray differentials, computed from scratch using the raster coordinates
		 * because we don't want to be affected by depth of field. We compute
		 * ray origin and direction for the center and two neighbouring pixels
		 * and simply take their differences. */
		float3 Pnostereo = transform_point(&cameratoworld, make_float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f));

		float3 Pcenter = Pnostereo;
		float3 Dcenter = Pcamera;
		Dcenter = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Dcenter));
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &Pcenter, &Dcenter);

		float3 Px = Pnostereo;
		float3 Dx = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, make_float3(raster_x + 1.0f, raster_y, 0.0f));
		Dx = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Dx));
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &Px, &Dx);

		ray->dP.dx = Px - Pcenter;
		ray->dD.dx = Dx - Dcenter;

		float3 Py = Pnostereo;
		float3 Dy = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, make_float3(raster_x, raster_y + 1.0f, 0.0f));
		Dy = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Dy));
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &Py, &Dy);

		ray->dP.dy = Py - Pcenter;
		ray->dD.dy = Dy - Dcenter;
#endif
	}

#ifdef __CAMERA_CLIPPING__
	/* clipping */
	float z_inv = 1.0f / normalize(Pcamera).z;
	float nearclip = kernel_data.cam.nearclip * z_inv;
	ray->P += nearclip * ray->D;
	ray->dP.dx += nearclip * ray->dD.dx;
	ray->dP.dy += nearclip * ray->dD.dy;
	ray->t = kernel_data.cam.cliplength * z_inv;
#else
	ray->t = FLT_MAX;
#endif
}

/* Orthographic Camera */
ccl_device void camera_sample_orthographic(KernelGlobals *kg, float raster_x, float raster_y, float lens_u, float lens_v, ccl_addr_space Ray *ray)
{
	/* create ray form raster position */
	Transform rastertocamera = kernel_data.cam.rastertocamera;
	float3 Pcamera = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, make_float3(raster_x, raster_y, 0.0f));

	float3 P;
	float3 D = make_float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

	/* modify ray for depth of field */
	float aperturesize = kernel_data.cam.aperturesize;

	if(aperturesize > 0.0f) {
		/* sample point on aperture */
		float2 lensuv = camera_sample_aperture(kg, lens_u, lens_v)*aperturesize;

		/* compute point on plane of focus */
		float3 Pfocus = D * kernel_data.cam.focaldistance;

		/* update ray for effect of lens */
		float3 lensuvw = make_float3(lensuv.x, lensuv.y, 0.0f);
		P = Pcamera + lensuvw;
		D = normalize(Pfocus - lensuvw);
	}
	else {
		P = Pcamera;
	}
	/* transform ray from camera to world */
	Transform cameratoworld = kernel_data.cam.cameratoworld;

#ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
	if(kernel_data.cam.have_motion) {
#  ifdef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
		const MotionTransform tfm = kernel_data.cam.motion;
		transform_motion_interpolate(&cameratoworld,
		                             (const DecompMotionTransform*)&tfm,
		                             ray->time);
#  else
		transform_motion_interpolate(&cameratoworld,
		                             (const DecompMotionTransform*)&kernel_data.cam.motion,
		                             ray->time);
#  endif
	}
#endif

	ray->P = transform_point(&cameratoworld, P);
	ray->D = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, D));

#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
	/* ray differential */
	ray->dP.dx = float4_to_float3(kernel_data.cam.dx);
	ray->dP.dy = float4_to_float3(kernel_data.cam.dy);

	ray->dD = differential3_zero();
#endif

#ifdef __CAMERA_CLIPPING__
	/* clipping */
	ray->t = kernel_data.cam.cliplength;
#else
	ray->t = FLT_MAX;
#endif
}

/* Panorama Camera */

ccl_device_inline void camera_sample_panorama(KernelGlobals *kg,
                                              float raster_x, float raster_y,
                                              float lens_u, float lens_v,
                                              ccl_addr_space Ray *ray)
{
	Transform rastertocamera = kernel_data.cam.rastertocamera;
	float3 Pcamera = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, make_float3(raster_x, raster_y, 0.0f));

	/* create ray form raster position */
	float3 P = make_float3(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f);
	float3 D = panorama_to_direction(kg, Pcamera.x, Pcamera.y);

	/* indicates ray should not receive any light, outside of the lens */
	if(is_zero(D)) {
		ray->t = 0.0f;
		return;
	}

	/* modify ray for depth of field */
	float aperturesize = kernel_data.cam.aperturesize;

	if(aperturesize > 0.0f) {
		/* sample point on aperture */
		float2 lensuv = camera_sample_aperture(kg, lens_u, lens_v)*aperturesize;

		/* compute point on plane of focus */
		float3 Dfocus = normalize(D);
		float3 Pfocus = Dfocus * kernel_data.cam.focaldistance;

		/* calculate orthonormal coordinates perpendicular to Dfocus */
		float3 U, V;
		U = normalize(make_float3(1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f) -  Dfocus.x * Dfocus);
		V = normalize(cross(Dfocus, U));

		/* update ray for effect of lens */
		P = U * lensuv.x + V * lensuv.y;
		D = normalize(Pfocus - P);
	}

	/* transform ray from camera to world */
	Transform cameratoworld = kernel_data.cam.cameratoworld;

#ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
	if(kernel_data.cam.have_motion) {
#  ifdef __KERNEL_OPENCL__
		const MotionTransform tfm = kernel_data.cam.motion;
		transform_motion_interpolate(&cameratoworld,
		                             (const DecompMotionTransform*)&tfm,
		                             ray->time);
#  else
		transform_motion_interpolate(&cameratoworld,
		                             (const DecompMotionTransform*)&kernel_data.cam.motion,
		                             ray->time);
#  endif
	}
#endif

	P = transform_point(&cameratoworld, P);
	D = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, D));

	/* Stereo transform */
	bool use_stereo = kernel_data.cam.interocular_offset != 0.0f;
	if(use_stereo) {
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &P, &D);
	}

	ray->P = P;
	ray->D = D;

#ifdef __RAY_DIFFERENTIALS__
	/* Ray differentials, computed from scratch using the raster coordinates
	 * because we don't want to be affected by depth of field. We compute
	 * ray origin and direction for the center and two neighbouring pixels
	 * and simply take their differences. */
	float3 Pcenter = Pcamera;
	float3 Dcenter = panorama_to_direction(kg, Pcenter.x, Pcenter.y);
	Pcenter = transform_point(&cameratoworld, Pcenter);
	Dcenter = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Dcenter));
	if(use_stereo) {
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &Pcenter, &Dcenter);
	}

	float3 Px = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, make_float3(raster_x + 1.0f, raster_y, 0.0f));
	float3 Dx = panorama_to_direction(kg, Px.x, Px.y);
	Px = transform_point(&cameratoworld, Px);
	Dx = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Dx));
	if(use_stereo) {
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &Px, &Dx);
	}

	ray->dP.dx = Px - Pcenter;
	ray->dD.dx = Dx - Dcenter;

	float3 Py = transform_perspective(&rastertocamera, make_float3(raster_x, raster_y + 1.0f, 0.0f));
	float3 Dy = panorama_to_direction(kg, Py.x, Py.y);
	Py = transform_point(&cameratoworld, Py);
	Dy = normalize(transform_direction(&cameratoworld, Dy));
	if(use_stereo) {
		spherical_stereo_transform(kg, &Py, &Dy);
	}

	ray->dP.dy = Py - Pcenter;
	ray->dD.dy = Dy - Dcenter;
#endif

#ifdef __CAMERA_CLIPPING__
	/* clipping */
	float nearclip = kernel_data.cam.nearclip;
	ray->P += nearclip * ray->D;
	ray->dP.dx += nearclip * ray->dD.dx;
	ray->dP.dy += nearclip * ray->dD.dy;
	ray->t = kernel_data.cam.cliplength;
#else
	ray->t = FLT_MAX;
#endif
}

/* Common */

ccl_device_inline void camera_sample(KernelGlobals *kg,
                                     int x, int y,
                                     float filter_u, float filter_v,
                                     float lens_u, float lens_v,
                                     float time,
                                     ccl_addr_space Ray *ray)
{
	/* pixel filter */
	int filter_table_offset = kernel_data.film.filter_table_offset;
	float raster_x = x + lookup_table_read(kg, filter_u, filter_table_offset, FILTER_TABLE_SIZE);
	float raster_y = y + lookup_table_read(kg, filter_v, filter_table_offset, FILTER_TABLE_SIZE);

#ifdef __CAMERA_MOTION__
	/* motion blur */
	if(kernel_data.cam.shuttertime == -1.0f) {
		ray->time = 0.5f;
	}
	else {
		/* TODO(sergey): Such lookup is unneeded when there's rolling shutter
		 * effect in use but rolling shutter duration is set to 0.0.
		 */
		const int shutter_table_offset = kernel_data.cam.shutter_table_offset;
		ray->time = lookup_table_read(kg, time, shutter_table_offset, SHUTTER_TABLE_SIZE);
		/* TODO(sergey): Currently single rolling shutter effect type only
		 * where scanlines are acquired from top to bottom and whole scanline
		 * is acquired at once (no delay in acquisition happens between pixels
		 * of single scanline).
		 *
		 * Might want to support more models in the future.
		 */
		if(kernel_data.cam.rolling_shutter_type) {
			/* Time corresponding to a fully rolling shutter only effect:
			 * top of the frame is time 0.0, bottom of the frame is time 1.0.
			 */
			const float time = 1.0f - (float)y / kernel_data.cam.height;
			const float duration = kernel_data.cam.rolling_shutter_duration;
			if(duration != 0.0f) {
				/* This isn't fully physical correct, but lets us to have simple
				 * controls in the interface. The idea here is basically sort of
				 * linear interpolation between how much rolling shutter effect
				 * exist on the frame and how much of it is a motion blur effect.
				 */
				ray->time = (ray->time - 0.5f) * duration;
				ray->time += (time - 0.5f) * (1.0f - duration) + 0.5f;
			}
			else {
				ray->time = time;
			}
		}
	}
#endif

	/* sample */
	if(kernel_data.cam.type == CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE)
		camera_sample_perspective(kg, raster_x, raster_y, lens_u, lens_v, ray);
	else if(kernel_data.cam.type == CAMERA_ORTHOGRAPHIC)
		camera_sample_orthographic(kg, raster_x, raster_y, lens_u, lens_v, ray);
	else
		camera_sample_panorama(kg, raster_x, raster_y, lens_u, lens_v, ray);
}

/* Utilities */

ccl_device_inline float3 camera_position(KernelGlobals *kg)
{
	Transform cameratoworld = kernel_data.cam.cameratoworld;
	return make_float3(cameratoworld.x.w, cameratoworld.y.w, cameratoworld.z.w);
}

ccl_device_inline float camera_distance(KernelGlobals *kg, float3 P)
{
	Transform cameratoworld = kernel_data.cam.cameratoworld;
	float3 camP = make_float3(cameratoworld.x.w, cameratoworld.y.w, cameratoworld.z.w);

	if(kernel_data.cam.type == CAMERA_ORTHOGRAPHIC) {
		float3 camD = make_float3(cameratoworld.x.z, cameratoworld.y.z, cameratoworld.z.z);
		return fabsf(dot((P - camP), camD));
	}
	else
		return len(P - camP);
}

ccl_device_inline float3 camera_direction_from_point(KernelGlobals *kg, float3 P)
{
	Transform cameratoworld = kernel_data.cam.cameratoworld;

	if(kernel_data.cam.type == CAMERA_ORTHOGRAPHIC) {
		float3 camD = make_float3(cameratoworld.x.z, cameratoworld.y.z, cameratoworld.z.z);
		return -camD;
	}
	else {
		float3 camP = make_float3(cameratoworld.x.w, cameratoworld.y.w, cameratoworld.z.w);
		return normalize(camP - P);
	}
}

ccl_device_inline float3 camera_world_to_ndc(KernelGlobals *kg, ShaderData *sd, float3 P)
{
	if(kernel_data.cam.type != CAMERA_PANORAMA) {
		/* perspective / ortho */
		if(ccl_fetch(sd, object) == PRIM_NONE && kernel_data.cam.type == CAMERA_PERSPECTIVE)
			P += camera_position(kg);

		Transform tfm = kernel_data.cam.worldtondc;
		return transform_perspective(&tfm, P);
	}
	else {
		/* panorama */
		Transform tfm = kernel_data.cam.worldtocamera;

		if(ccl_fetch(sd, object) != OBJECT_NONE)
			P = normalize(transform_point(&tfm, P));
		else
			P = normalize(transform_direction(&tfm, P));

		float2 uv = direction_to_panorama(kg, P);

		return make_float3(uv.x, uv.y, 0.0f);
	}
}

CCL_NAMESPACE_END
