Foreword about abstraction: GNOME Data Access 5 manual

## Foreword about abstraction

Libgda aims both at making it easier to use databases and, for applications written using it, at making it easier to switch to a different database or to to be able to use different types of databases with a minimum or no code modifications. To achieve the 2nd goal, Libgda proposes an abstraction of most of database's engine features, which has to be understood to write portable code.

## Variables syntax in SQL

Each database engine has its own way of specifying variables (i.e. place holders) in SQL code (for example: `$<number>`, `:<name>`, `?<number>`, or `?`). Libgda has specified yet another format for variables which can be used with all the databases and which has the following advantages:

- allow to specify a name (and optionally a description)

- allow to specify a type, see gda_g_type_from_string()

- allow to specify if the variable can be NULL

For more information, refer to the GdaSqlParser object's documentation