HowTo   Xfree86.

Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com>
  v3.1, 31 October 1997

     /
    Xfree86.  Xfree86  
      . 
    ,     
" "      .
 ,        
xvidtune  ""     .

1. 

          
.        ,  
    .      
" ".  ,     
      .

       , 
    - <http://sunsite.unc.edu/LDP>.

,       How-to, ,
   esr@snark.thyrsus.com. , ,   
            ,
   ,        
  - ,      ,    .

2. 

 XFree86    , 
     .  
   ,       
   .

         , 
         
     .

   3.2, XFree86   XF86Setup(1), 
   ,   . , 
 ,        .
 , XFree86(1)   ;     
   1280x1024.      
    1600x1200  ,   
    .

  XFree86       
xvidtune(1),  ,  ,      
  .      
         
.       ,
   ,     
 xvidtune    .

    -     - 
( ,       VESA  
 ,      ,
    , ,  ),
      "   ".
         
  .

     xvidtune(1),     
" "     X      X .
 , XFree86       Xconfig
     ( . XFree86.man).
   -   .   
  ,       
      .    
  ,        ,    
  .

3.   

 ,      Xconfig,  ,
  .    X    
 . ,       .
    ,  .   ,
       .   
     ,  
  .

        ,   
         . , 
 ,     .      
    ,        .
,          .

       -   
(interlacing).          , 
       .

         .  
       ,      
  .     ,    
     .

       ,     
 ,      .   ,  
    .     
..    .       
        .    
.

 ,     ,     .
,        
,           
     . ,    
       ,  
          .

  ,     
    -    . , 
,          
        ,    
  (   ). 
       . 
    ,    
     .  
    .

        
   ,     .
    ,    .
     ,        
      .

4.  ,        .

 ,      Xconfig,    :

.      .
.   (dot clock)
.   

  :

   -     
,      .   
  .    - 
     .
 
       
  .       ()
-   ,     - 1000  
().        50-150 ,
 -   31-135 .

    ,      
 .  ,   ,   
 .     ,    
        .  
    .    -
       ,     
,    .

 ,         
      
  .   ,      
 ,     .   
    "   ".


 :

         (dot clock) ..
   ,      .  
    ,  X    .   X 
 ,         
.       ,    
,    ,      .
(   X     --probeonly,  
        X- , ,
  ).

   X     :

   XFree86:

  Xconfig: /usr/X11R6/lib/X11/Xconfig
  (**) stands for supplied, (--) stands for probed/default values
  (**) Mouse: type: MouseMan, device: /dev/ttyS1, baudrate: 9600
  Warning: The directory "/usr/andrew/X11fonts" does not exist.
           Entry deleted from font path.
  (**) FontPath set to "/usr/lib/X11/fonts/misc/,/usr/lib/X11/fonts/75dpi/"
  (--) S3: card type: 386/486 localbus
  (--) S3: chipset:   924
                      ---  
              ;   86C911
            
  (--) S3: chipset driver: s3_generic
  (--) S3: videoram:  1024k
                      -----
              RAM
           
  (**) S3: clocks:  25.00  28.00  40.00   3.00  50.00  77.00  36.00  45.00
  (**) S3: clocks:   0.00   0.00  79.00  31.00  94.00  65.00  75.00  71.00
                    ------------------------------------------------------
                                   
                                
  (--) S3: Maximum allowed dot-clock: 110MHz
                                      ------
                                      
                                     
  (**) S3: Mode "1024x768": mode clock =  79.000, clock used =  79.000
  (--) S3: Virtual resolution set to 1024x768
  (--) S3: Using a banksize of 64k, line width of 1024
  (--) S3: Pixmap cache:
  (--) S3: Using 2 128-pixel 4 64-pixel and 8 32-pixel slots
  (--) S3: Using 8 pages of 768x255 for font  caching
  
     SGCS   X/Inside X:
  
    WGA: 86C911 (mem: 1024k clocks: 25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71)
  ---  ------       -----         --------------------------------------------
   |     |            |                    
   |     |            +--  
   |     +--  
   +--  
   
:        (
 ).  X   ,    
  -  .    
    .   ,  
    .  SVr4:  mousemgr 
    .     

     ,    ,
    ,      Clocks 
 Xconfig  -       X-  
 ,    X-.   
  :

  wga
          Clocks  25 28 40 3 50 77 36 45 0 0 79 31 94 65 75 71
          
          
     X . X   
  -   ,     
         !         

4.1   

   XFree86,       
      .

  ,        
 .    ,   
   30%      
 .         
  ;      .

           . 
      (   ).

        
  .          
  .  ,      (
      ,   
)        :

               640x480                 25
               800x600                 36
               1024x768                65
               1024x768 interlaced     45
               1280x1024               110
               1600x1200               185
               
BTW,      ;      
        XFree86 ( 
  -    ).   , 
        
  ,       
  .

 , ,       
    65 .  SVGA    
           
 . :

          Brand                           Video Bandwidth
          ----------                      ---------------
          NEC 4D                          75Mhz
          Nano 907a                       50Mhz
          Nano 9080i                      60Mhz
          Mitsubishi HL6615               110Mhz
          Mitsubishi Diamond Scan         100Mhz
          IDEK MF-5117                    65Mhz
          IOCOMM Thinksync-17 CM-7126     136Mhz
          HP D1188A                       100Mhz
          Philips SC-17AS                 110Mhz
          Swan SW617                      85Mhz
          Viewsonic 21PS                  185Mhz

         
      .   
NEC Multisync II -     800x600   . 
   800x560.        
      ;  
        32   36 ,  
          
 30 .

         ,     
,    . ,      NEC Multisync II 
  , , , 36 .        
, ,  ,       , 
    (     , 
   ).

4.2    :

        
 ,    .    
      . 
       .  
,          
.     XFree86.

5.   

   ,    ,    
     ,    . , 
 .    ( ),  
    .

   (HSF)
         (. )

   (VSF)
         (. ).   
     ..    .

  (dot clock - DCF)
      (VCO)   -   
       .
    
  (VB)

     ,        
         -   . If your adaptor produces
    an alternating on/off pattern (   ,  , .
    ),         DCF, , 
     ,       DCF/2.   
               
     DCF,  - .
    
  (HFL, VFL)

   (HFL) -      
           
.    -     
     .

      (RR)

      (    
 ).    ..   .
60  - ,   VESA   72   .  
 :

	    RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)    
                    
 ,          
  (   ).   
  .

      
(interlaced modes), ,    87    
   :      
    ,          .

            
     .. 43,5 .   
  ,          
 ,   ,       
.
 
 5.1    
 
        
 ,        .  
      .
 
          . 
 ,         
    .     
          . 
           .. 20, 
 40   70.      -  
   ,       .
 
          
      .
 
 5.2      :
 
       -     
  .   ,         
   ,        
    ,     .
 
 
    :
 
        _______________________
      |                       |       
      |->->->->->->->->->->-> |     - ,   
      |                      )|                 
      |<-----<-----<-----<--- |      .
      |                       |     
      |                       |
      |                       |
      |                       |
      |_______________________|
       _______________________
      |        ^              |       
      |       ^ |             |     - ,   
      |       | v             |       ,   
      |       ^ |             |      .
      |       | |             |     
      |       ^ |             |
      |       | v             |
      |       ^ |             |
      |_______|_v_____________|

      
,         
 ; ..   -   -.

   ,         
 .  ,   () -     .
 ,      HFL,   
  VFL,         
(HFL * VFL) .      DCF    
 , ,  ,      
   ,      DCF / (HFL * VFL).
      ..     
.

?????
 ,       
      .

  ,       
  :
 
          RR                                      VB
           |   min HSF                     max HSF |
           |    |             R1        R2  |      |
  max VSF -+----|------------/----------/---|------+----- max VSF
           |    |:::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::\     |
           |    \::::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::\    |
           |     |::::::::/::::::::::/:::::::::|   |
           |     |:::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::\   |
           |     \::::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::\  |
           |      \::::/::::::::::/::::::::::::::| |
           |       |::/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::| |
           |        \/::::::::::/:::::::::::::::::\|
           |        /\:::::::::/:::::::::::::::::::|
           |       /  \:::::::/::::::::::::::::::::|\
           |      /    |:::::/:::::::::::::::::::::| |
           |     /     \::::/::::::::::::::::::::::| \
  min VSF -+----/-------\--/-----------------------|--\--- min VSF
           |   /         \/                        |   \
           +--/----------/\------------------------+----\- DCF
             R1        R2  \                       |     \
                            min HSF                |    max HSF
                                                    VB

    .  x    
(DCF),  y -   (RR).   
 :        
 .   R1  R2  
 (  640x480);     ,  
          
  .  R2      ,  R1.

         ,
      .
       , , 
     .

  "  "    , 
    (  ,  
)    .  ,    
         
  .

6 ????    

  ,   , : 

DCF = RR * HFL * VFL

.. ,      .   
       , 
   .     
,      .

  ,  ,        
     .  ,
       , 
          
.

 , :  RR  ,   .
         60 . 
  ;     
  ,   72 ,   VESA.

  ,      
     .     
,      90 ,   
,  ,        __ 
       45 .

    :  xterm c    
   xterm -bg white -fg black,   
   .      3/4  ,
     .    
   ( ,   
 ).       ,  
 ,      .   
,     , ,   
         , 
      .

         
       .  ,
.   ,       
     85 . ,    
   .    HFL  VFL   
  .

7.   

          
- . ,       ,
     -    ..    
 .

    256 ,     
  .        ,
      .   
 ,        
    .     800x600
   800x600=480 000 -     . 
    ,     
  .

  , ,     (HR * VR)/1024 .
    ,   ,    
  .

  ,     512  ,    
 .      ,   
,        . 
 ,     1 ,       800x600,
         ( 
     "  ")

 ,     ,  ; XFree86 
    (.   Xconfig  
 ). , ,     512     
512 000 ,  512 x 1024 = 524,288 . 

   SGCS X (  X/Inside)   
S3       16  (4   ),   
  4   Xconfig,    ,  
  . ,  S3  1024x768x256.  
   1280x1024x16     4 .

8.   

:      . ,  
        ,   !

  ,    DCF    HSF,  
  . 

, ,    Sigma Legend SVGA   65   
      55 . ,  (DCF / HSF)
  1181 (65 = 65000; 65000/55 = 1181).

    .       , 
  8.     VGA,  SVGA  S3 ;
   8-        ,  
 11-  .     
ATI 8514/A      ,       
  . ,     
 1176.

  (DCF / HSF     8)  HFL,   
 .      HFL (,  ,
    ),  HSF. ,    
   , ,   .

 , 80%        
  -      (
         - .. 
            
 ).    ,   944 .

,       .. 4:3,
    3/4   , 
   .   ,  708 .  
 VFL     1,05   743 .

   ,   4:3   ;   
     ,  - , 
  .           
,       0,8  ,   0,6
 .

, HFL=1176  VFL=743.  65       
   74,4    . !  
   VESA.      944x708, ,  
800x600.   !  

        76 ,    
,          2   
        VFL (..  75%  944).
       ,  
      76%. (
 NEC 4D, ,  .     75 VSF). ( 
    "   ").

  ,         
.      !


9.    

, , ,      HFL/VFL   
,          
,    -       
 .

       .
 HSF  VSF,      , 
 ,    .
       .

  ,    ?     
     
(..  ).

9.1  :

  , ,    
   HFL .     (
) HR. , ,   HR < HFL  . 
, ,          
,   :

    |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
    |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
    |_______________________|_______________|_____
    0                       ^               ^     unit: ticks
                            |   ^       ^   |
                            HR  |       |  HFL
                            |   |<----->|   |
                            |<->|  HSP  |<->|
                            HGT1         HGT2


,        HSP  
 ..          
 .  ? ,      , 
      .    , 
   ,     .

 ,     30      . 
 HGT1  HGT2.    HGT1 != HGT2,    
  " ",     
  (..    ).
 ,       
  ,         
,        ,  
       .  
      
         
  (,   ).

  ,       
  .   ,        ...

       .   
,   ,     3,5  4,0 
.

   ,  HSP  3,8  ( ,
BTW,    ).

    65,  ,  HSP   247
 (= 65 * 10**6 * 3.8 * 10^-6) [,  M=10^6, micro=10^-6].

       
  .      :

active time   (HAT)
          HR,   .  HAT * DCF = HR.
	
blanking time (HBT) (HBT)	
          (HFL - HR),   .  HBT * DCF =
        (HFL - HR).
	
front porch (HFP)
          HGT1.	

sync time
          HSP.

back porch (HBP)		
          HGT2.	
	
9.2   :

   ,    247       
?

  , , HR = 944  HFL = 1176.    
 1176 - 944=232 < 247! , -   
.   ?

    1176  1184   944  936.  
 1184-936= 248. ,  ,  ...

  3,8,    3,5   HSP;  
65*3.5=227.  .  248     227.  
  30   HR   SP    
  SP  HFL.      8.  ?

.    , 936 % 8 = 0, (936 + 32) % 8 = 0 .
 936 + 32 = 968, 968 + 227 = 1195, 1195 + 32 = 1227. , .   
  8,    1232.

 , ,    ,   
    h  H.   ,   ,
 ,  1232 - 32 = 1200    8  (1232 - 32) - 968 = 232
 ,    3,57 .


 ,  936/1232   0.76   76%,     80%,   
   .

 ,      ,   
     52.7 (= 65/1232),  
    .  .

     , 936*75%=702,      
 .  702 * 1.05 = 737 -     .

    = 65/(737*1232)=71.6.   .

   :

     |___ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __ __
     |_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _                |
     |_______________________|_______________|_____
     0                      VR              VFL     unit: ticks
                             ^   ^       ^
                             |   |       |
                             |<->|<----->|
                              VGT    VSP
 
 
     . VGT -     
.    VGT=0 ( )  
        .   
2  3    ,     .

   :      ,  
        . 
,         1232/65Mhz=18.95us.

 ,          50  300 .
,    150 ,   8  
(150us/18.95us 8).

        
    .     
 :

     active time (VAT)
          VR,   .  VAT * VSF = VR.

     blanking time (VBT)
          (VFL - VR),   .  VBT * VSF =
        (VFL - VR).

     front porch (VFP)
          VGT.

     sync time
          VSP.

     back porch (VBP)
           ""   .
          0.

10.  

 Xconfig       ,  
        X . 
  4 ,  ,   ,
    .

     -  , 
.       "Modes"   
Graphics Driver Setup   Xconfig.     ,
        .

        (, 
  DCF) .      
      .

      ,  
    .      
       (,    HR).
 ,       .
 ,       
.  ,     (HFL).

        .  
      (VR).      
   .     
     .   
,     (VFL).

  :

            #              

            "752x564"     40    752 784  944 1088  564 567 569 611
                          44.5  752 792  976 1240  564 567 570 600

  (:  X11R5     )
  
 Xconfig    -    
,         , 
   ,    
 -      . 
     8  .

  : 800 864 1024 1088   
  
       - 800,    
,     - 864,  
 1024 ,     - 1088.    ,
   ( 800 864 1024  1088)   8!   
  .

      .    
   .    .   
    ,     
,     .   
     ,      
    .     
 :

  : 600 603 609 630

       600  ,  
   603-      609,  
 630 .

 ,        
 8!

    .   ,     
    Xconfig:

<name>   DCF     HR  SH1 SH2   HFL   VR  SV1 SV2 VFL

 SH1    ,   SH2  ; 
 SV1     ,  SH2  .

   #                      
       936x702  65      936 968 1200 1232   702 702 710 737
       
   ,    . ,    .


11.    .

        ,
      .    ! 

        ,
    .

   ,     , 
        
 . (:    , 
       ).  
  :    
        ,
.) (? :) . )
  
        . 
      ,    
   ,     . , 
    ( Multisync II), 
       . 
     .      
     (  
    ),      
,    .       
  ,       
  (    ).

        ,   
    ,     
   ,  .

  ,         
,          , 
(     )   
 .

   ...

12.   

(       David Kastrup
  <dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>)
  
        
,  ,  ,    
     .  , 
    .   
    ,      
      (VSF,    
).          
 ,  ,    
/.
  
    (       VSF)
    : 90  
   90 . ,   ,    
       .  
            
,     : 45   
.  90          
Multisync 3D ( 1024x768). ,      
70    ,     .
  
  ,       :  
     ,      
    .       
        . 
     ,      
 .     ,     
    (XCept,  , ,   ).
    800x600,    .
  
           100dpi,  
         2  (
       , ).
  
 ,     ,   
         .  -
 ,           
   ,         
(  ) ,  
 . , , ,  VSF  
 .
  
   :       
 .       
:         ( 
 ,  )       "interlaced"
    .    
90  ,        45
    "interlaced".
  
       1024x768:  
Multisync 3D   90    38 .
  
ModeLine "1024x768" 45 1024 1048 1208 1248 768 768 776 807 Interlace
  
      .    ,   
 "interlace",       
 (  ,     
),     .
  
 :        ,
   ,    ,   
     "interlace".    
   .
  
  ,        
  ..      30%  
   ,    (,
   )     ,   
.
  
13.   
  
Q.  ,       ,
         ?
  A.  ?         
     640x480, 800x600,   1024x768.  XFree86 
         .   
         .    
             ,  
          !
     
Q.         65  HSF=55?     

A.  !    ,   
    ,    .   
     .     
    ,       
    .  ,      
         .
   
        !   
      .       
      .
   
Q.         .  Xconfig  
 .        ?
   
A. !  , , ""  640x480  Xconfig.
      25 ,    800  525 =>  
   59,5 .  .  28  -     
   SVGA .        640x480,   ,
               
   802  505.      68,  
          .
   
Q.       ,   ?

A. :

   1.    ,     
      ..  .
   2.          
   ,   SVGA ,  
    (DCF).  ,  !

14.     .

,       X.    Xconfig 
   .   X,    ... 
  -  .  ?     
     .

(        xvidtune(1))

    .  
    (   ,  
      ,    
 ).    :

    . ..  
         
 ,  .   ,    
   .      
      ,   
    .  , 
     ,   
     . ,    , 
      .

14.1     

  ,   . ..
   (  8)  2   
       
   .

    (   ,   
  )   .    
 (   ,      )
 .

 
14.2     

  ,   . ..  
        
      .             

    (   ,    
  )  .   
 (  ,      ), 
.

14.3           

     .      
 , ,        .

14.4     ( )

  ,  ()   . ..
 4-    .    , 
  (   ) ,   
 .

14.5    ()   

    ()   . ..
 4-     .    ,
    (   )    
  .

 ,         , 
   ,         
 ,    .

 , ,       ,
 .

15.    .

 ,     ,   
gnuplot package (    Unix )  
  tool modeplot,    gnuplot   
  ,    .

   modeplot:

  #!/bin/sh
  #
  # modeplot --      
  
  #
  #  `modeplot -?'     .
  #
  # ($Id: XFree86-HOWTO.txt,v 1.1 1999/03/27 07:54:21 ott Exp $)

  # Monitor description. Bandwidth in MHz, horizontal frequencies in kHz
  # and vertical frequencies in Hz.
  TITLE="Viewsonic 21PS"
  BANDWIDTH=185
  MINHSF=31
  MAXHSF=85
  MINVSF=50
  MAXVSF=160
  ASPECT="4/3"
  vesa=72.5       #      VESA
    
  while [ "$1" != "" ]
  do
          case $1 in
          -t) TITLE="$2"; shift;;
          -b) BANDWIDTH="$2"; shift;;
          -h) MINHSF="$2" MAXHSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
          -v) MINVSF="$2" MAXVSF="$3"; shift; shift;;
          -a) ASPECT="$2"; shift;;
          -g) GNUOPTS="$2"; shift;;
          -?) cat <<EOF
  modeplot control switches:

  -t "<description>"      name of monitor            defaults to "Viewsonic 21PS"
  -b <nn>                 bandwidth in MHz           defaults to 185
  -h <min> <max>          min & max HSF (kHz)        defaults to 31 85
  -v <min> <max>          min & max VSF (Hz)         defaults to 50 160
  -a <aspect ratio>       aspect ratio               defaults to 4/3
  -g "<options>"          pass options to gnuplot

  The -b, -h and -v options are required, -a, -t, -g optional.  You can
  use -g to pass a device type to gnuplot so that (for example) modeplot's
  output can be redirected to a printer.  See gnuplot(1) for  details.

  The modeplot tool was created by Eric S. Raymond <esr@thyrsus.com> based on
  analysis and scratch code by Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de>

  This is modeplot $Revision: 1.1 $
  EOF
                  exit;;
          esac
          shift
  done

  gnuplot $GNUOPTS <<EOF
  set title "$TITLE Mode Plot"

  # .  Unfortunately, the plot is quite sensitive to changes in
  # these, and they may fail to represent reality on some monitors.  We need
  # to fix values to get even an approximation of the mode diagram.  These come
  # from looking at lots of values in the ModeDB database.
  F1 = 1.30       # multiplier to convert horizontal resolution to frame width
  F2 = 1.05       # multiplier to convert vertical resolution to frame height

  # Function definitions (multiplication by 1.0 forces real-number arithmetic)
  ac = (1.0*$ASPECT)*F1/F2
  refresh(hsync, dcf) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*dcf)
  dotclock(hsync, rr) = ac * (hsync**2)/(1.0*rr)
  resolution(hv, dcf) = dcf * (10**6)/(hv * F1 * F2)

  # Put labels on the axes
  set xlabel 'DCF (MHz)'
  set ylabel 'RR (Hz)' 6  # Put it right over the Y axis

  # Generate diagram
  set grid
  set label "VB" at $BANDWIDTH+1, ($MAXVSF + $MINVSF) / 2 left
  set arrow from $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
  set label "max VSF" at 1, $MAXVSF-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $MAXVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MAXVSF nohead
  set label "min VSF" at 1, $MINVSF-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $MINVSF to $BANDWIDTH, $MINVSF nohead
  set label "min HSF" at dotclock($MINHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
  set label "max HSF" at dotclock($MAXHSF, $MAXVSF+17), $MAXVSF + 17 right
  set label "VESA $vesa" at 1, $vesa-1.5
  set arrow from 0, $vesa to $BANDWIDTH, $vesa nohead # style -1
  plot [dcf=0:1.1*$BANDWIDTH] [$MINVSF-10:$MAXVSF+20] \
    refresh($MINHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
    refresh($MAXHSF, dcf) notitle with lines 1, \
    resolution(640*480,   dcf) title "640x480  " with points 2, \
    resolution(800*600,   dcf) title "800x600  " with points 3, \
    resolution(1024*768,  dcf) title "1024x768 " with points 4, \
    resolution(1280*1024, dcf) title "1280x1024" with points 5, \
    resolution(1600*1280, dcf) title "1600x1200" with points 6

  pause 9999
  EOF

    modeplot  gnuplot,     
  :

    (VB)
        (HSF)
        (VSF)

       ,
  .     - 
  .   :

1.          AR = HR/VR.
       AR = 4/3  AR = 5/4. Modeplot 
   4/3   ,       .
   
2.   ,     
          ,
   :
   
	HFL = F1 * HR
	VFL = F2 * VR
	
    F1 = 1.30  F2 = 1.05  (. "
 ").

      , HSF.  
  ,      DCF   
  RR, ..     HSF  
RR(DCF).      :


          
 :

RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL)          (*)	

  ,        
    :

               HFL = DCF / HSF                 (**)
	       
  VFL       HFL   
:

               VFL = F2 * VR
                   = F2 * (HR / AR)
                   = (F2/F1) * HFL / AR        (***)

 (**)  (***)  (*)  :

               RR = DCF / ((F2/F1) * HFL**2 / AR)
                  = (F1/F2) * AR * DCF * (HSF/DCF)**2
                  = (F1/F2) * AR * HSF**2 / DCF
		   	       
   HSF, F1, F2  AR,     .
         
 ,         
.

        .
   (*)   :

               RR = DCF / (HFL * VFL) = DCF / (F1 * HR * F2 * VR)
       ,   ,  
           ,
        .  ,
         ,    
.

  modeplot    .  
     modeplot -?.    
:
               modeplot -t "Swan SW617" -b 85 -v 50 90 -h 31 58
	       
  -b    ; -v  -h  
      .

   modeplot,    ,    
 . ,      HFL,
      ,  
    ,    .
    ( )    
     " ".   ,    
    .

16. .

     Chin Fang
  <fangchin@leland.stanford.edu>.
  
Eric S. Raymond <esr@snark.thyrsus.com>    
 Chin Fang    .   ,   
   how-to   Bob Crosson   <crosson@cam.nist.gov>.

       David Kastrup
<dak@pool.informatik.rwth-aachen.de>.

Martin Lottermoser <Martin.Lottermoser@mch.sni.de>  
 gnuplot          
 .  modeplot    
ESR      Martin.

     .. <e-mail: taras@cartel.metrocom.ru
fidonet: 2:5030/232.14>, .-,  1998.

