## Copyright (C) 2006-2018 Frederick (Rick) A Niles
##               and Søren Hauberg
##
## This file is part of Octave.
##
## Octave is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it
## under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
## the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
## (at your option) any later version.
##
## Octave is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
## WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
## MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
## GNU General Public License for more details.
##
## You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
## along with Octave; see the file COPYING.  If not, see
## <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

## -*- texinfo -*-
## @deftypefn  {} {@var{in} =} inpolygon (@var{x}, @var{y}, @var{xv}, @var{yv})
## @deftypefnx {} {[@var{in}, @var{on}] =} inpolygon (@var{x}, @var{y}, @var{xv}, @var{yv})
##
## For a polygon defined by vertex points @code{(@var{xv}, @var{yv})}, return
## true if the points @code{(@var{x}, @var{y})} are inside (or on the boundary)
## of the polygon; Otherwise, return false.
##
## The input variables @var{x} and @var{y}, must have the same dimension.
##
## The optional output @var{on} returns true if the points are exactly on the
## polygon edge, and false otherwise.
## @seealso{delaunay}
## @end deftypefn

## Author: Frederick (Rick) A Niles <niles@rickniles.com>
## Created: 14 November 2006

## Vectorized by Søren Hauberg <soren@hauberg.org>

## The method for determining if a point is in a polygon is based on
## the algorithm shown on
## http://local.wasp.uwa.edu.au/~pbourke/geometry/insidepoly/
## and is credited to Randolph Franklin.

function [in, on] = inpolygon (x, y, xv, yv)

  if (nargin != 4)
    print_usage ();
  endif

  if (! (isreal (x) && isreal (y) && isnumeric (x) && isnumeric (y)
         && size_equal (x, y)))
    error ("inpolygon: X and Y must be real arrays of the same size");
  elseif (! (isreal (xv) && isreal (yv) && isvector (xv) && isvector (yv)
             && size_equal (xv, yv)))
    error ("inpolygon: XV and YV must be real vectors of the same size");
  endif

  npol = length (xv);

  in = on = false (size (x));

  j = npol;
  for i = 1 : npol
    delta_xv = xv(j) - xv(i);
    delta_yv = yv(j) - yv(i);
    ## distance = [distance from (x,y) to edge] * length(edge)
    distance = delta_xv .* (y - yv(i)) - (x - xv(i)) .* delta_yv;

    ## is y between the y-values of edge i,j AND (x,y) on the left of the edge?
    idx1 = (((yv(i) <= y & y < yv(j)) | (yv(j) <= y & y < yv(i)))
            & 0 < distance.*delta_yv);
    in(idx1) = ! in(idx1);

    ## Check if (x,y) are actually on the boundary of the polygon.
    idx2 = (((yv(i) <= y & y <= yv(j)) | (yv(j) <= y & y <= yv(i)))
            & ((xv(i) <= x & x <= xv(j)) | (xv(j) <= x & x <= xv(i)))
            & (0 == distance | ! delta_xv));
    on(idx2) = true;

    j = i;
  endfor

  ## Matlab definition include both in polygon and on polygon points.
  in |= on;

endfunction


%!demo
%! xv = [ 0.05840, 0.48375, 0.69356, 1.47478, 1.32158, ...
%!        1.94545, 2.16477, 1.87639, 1.18218, 0.27615, ...
%!        0.05840 ];
%! yv = [ 0.60628, 0.04728, 0.50000, 0.50000, 0.02015, ...
%!        0.18161, 0.78850, 1.13589, 1.33781, 1.04650, ...
%!        0.60628 ];
%! xa = [0:0.1:2.3];
%! ya = [0:0.1:1.4];
%! [x,y] = meshgrid (xa, ya);
%! [in,on] = inpolygon (x, y, xv, yv);
%! inside = in & ! on;
%!
%! clf;
%! plot (xv, yv);
%! hold on;
%! plot (x(inside), y(inside), "@g");
%! plot (x(! in), y(! in), "@m");
%! plot (x(on), y(on), "@b");
%! hold off;
%! disp ("Green points are inside polygon, magenta are outside,");
%! disp ("and blue are on boundary.");

%!demo
%!  xv = [ 0.05840, 0.48375, 0.69356, 1.47478, 1.32158, ...
%!         1.94545, 2.16477, 1.87639, 1.18218, 0.27615, ...
%!         0.05840, 0.73295, 1.28913, 1.74221, 1.16023, ...
%!         0.73295, 0.05840 ];
%!  yv = [ 0.60628, 0.04728, 0.50000, 0.50000, 0.02015, ...
%!         0.18161, 0.78850, 1.13589, 1.33781, 1.04650, ...
%!         0.60628, 0.82096, 0.67155, 0.96114, 1.14833, ...
%!         0.82096, 0.60628];
%! xa = [0:0.1:2.3];
%! ya = [0:0.1:1.4];
%! [x, y] = meshgrid (xa, ya);
%! [in, on] = inpolygon (x, y, xv, yv);
%! inside = in & ! on;
%!
%! clf;
%! plot (xv, yv);
%! hold on;
%! plot (x(inside), y(inside), "@g");
%! plot (x(! in), y(! in), "@m");
%! plot (x(on), y(on), "@b");
%! hold off;
%! disp ("Green points are inside polygon, magenta are outside,");
%! disp ("and blue are on boundary.");

%!test
%! [in, on] = inpolygon ([1, 0, 2], [1, 0, 0], [-1, -1, 1, 1], [-1, 1, 1, -1]);
%! assert (in, [true, true, false]);
%! assert (on, [true, false, false]);

## 3D array input
%!test
%! x = zeros (2, 2, 2);
%! x(1, 1, 1) = 1;
%! x(2, 2, 2) = 2;
%! y = zeros (2, 2, 2);
%! y(1, 1, 1) = 1;
%! y(2, 2, 2) = -1;
%! [in, on] = inpolygon (x, y, [-1, -1, 1, 1], [-1, 1, 1, -1]);
%! IN = true (2, 2, 2);
%! IN(2, 2, 2) = false;
%! ON = false (2, 2, 2);
%! ON(1, 1, 1) = true;
%! assert (in, IN);
%! assert (on, ON);

## Test input validation
%!error inpolygon ()
%!error inpolygon (1, 2)
%!error inpolygon (1, 2, 3)
%!error inpolygon (1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
%!error <X and Y must be real> inpolygon (1i, 1, [3, 4], [5, 6])
%!error <X and Y must be real> inpolygon (1, {1}, [3, 4], [5, 6])
%!error <X and Y must be .* the same size> inpolygon (1, [1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6])
%!error <X and Y must be .* the same size> inpolygon (1, ones (1,1,2), [3, 4], [5, 6])
%!error <XV and YV must be real vectors> inpolygon (1, 1, [3i, 4], [5, 6])
%!error <XV and YV must be real vectors> inpolygon (1, 1, [3, 4], {5, 6})
%!error <XV and YV must .* the same size> inpolygon ([1,2], [3, 4], [5, 6], 1)
