"""
The tunnel community.

Author(s): Egbert Bouman
"""
import sys
import random

from traceback import format_exception
from cryptography.exceptions import InvalidTag
from twisted.internet.defer import Deferred
from twisted.internet.task import LoopingCall

from .caches import *
from ...deprecated.community import Community, PacketDecodingError, lazy_wrapper
from ...deprecated.payload_headers import BinMemberAuthenticationPayload
from ...messaging.deprecated.encoding import encode, decode
from .payload import *
from ...peer import Peer
from ...requestcache import RequestCache
from .tunnel import *
from .tunnelcrypto import CryptoException, TunnelCrypto

message_to_payload = {
    u"data": (0, DataPayload),
    u"cell": (1, CellPayload),
    u"create": (2, CreatePayload),
    u"created": (3, CreatedPayload),
    u"extend": (4, ExtendPayload),
    u"extended": (5, ExtendedPayload),
    u"ping": (6, PingPayload),
    u"pong": (7, PongPayload),
    u"destroy": (10, DestroyPayload),
    u"establish-intro": (11, EstablishIntroPayload),
    u"intro-established": (12, IntroEstablishedPayload),
    u"key-request": (13, KeyRequestPayload),
    u"key-response": (14, KeyResponsePayload),
    u"establish-rendezvous": (15, EstablishRendezvousPayload),
    u"rendezvous-established": (16, RendezvousEstablishedPayload),
    u"create-e2e": (17, CreateE2EPayload),
    u"created-e2e": (18, CreatedE2EPayload),
    u"link-e2e": (19, LinkE2EPayload),
    u"linked-e2e": (20, LinkedE2EPayload),
    u"dht-request": (21, DHTRequestPayload),
    u"dht-response": (22, DHTResponsePayload)
}
SINGLE_HOP_ENC_PACKETS = [u'create', u'created']


class TunnelSettings(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.tunnel_logger = logging.getLogger('TunnelLogger')

        self.crypto = TunnelCrypto()

        self.min_circuits = 1
        self.max_circuits = 8
        self.max_joined_circuits = 100

        # Maximum number of seconds that a circuit should exist
        self.max_time = 10 * 60
        # Maximum number of seconds before a circuit is considered inactive (and is removed)
        self.max_time_inactive = 20
        self.max_traffic = 250 * 1024 * 1024

        self.max_packets_without_reply = 50
        self.dht_lookup_interval = 30

        # We have a small delay when removing circuits/relays/exit nodes. This is to allow some post-mortem data
        # to flow over the circuit (i.e. bandwidth payouts to intermediate nodes in a circuit).
        self.remove_tunnel_delay = 5

        self.become_exitnode = False


class RoundRobin(object):

    def __init__(self, community):
        self.community = community
        self.index = -1

    def has_options(self, hops):
        return len(self.community.active_data_circuits(hops)) > 0

    def select(self, destination, hops):
        if destination and destination[1] == CIRCUIT_ID_PORT:
            circuit_id = self.community.ip_to_circuit_id(destination[0])
            circuit = self.community.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)

            if circuit and circuit.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_READY and \
               circuit.ctype == CIRCUIT_TYPE_RENDEZVOUS:
                return circuit

        circuit_ids = sorted(self.community.active_data_circuits(hops).keys())

        if not circuit_ids:
            return None

        self.index = (self.index + 1) % len(circuit_ids)
        circuit_id = circuit_ids[self.index]
        return self.community.active_data_circuits()[circuit_id]


class TunnelCommunity(Community):

    version = '\x02'
    master_peer = Peer(("3081a7301006072a8648ce3d020106052b8104002703819200040733caf0902748547efc04be6a7e064384e193" +
                        "9622b38cde42237eff06674e07f8c4dd364e207a8c3eee30cd5751bed76d7071e8af7b910a62ccf9fbbfde7eb7" +
                        "24a8ebdb54b738e306744ad6b96ef4549f6335c4bac10799fbe63477d8fd9395e8439685de72fabf3efc32f6cb" +
                        "28075fff6ad605891eaba161ecec2f9b65aab45e121defa47d098f16bad7dac6025687").decode("HEX"))

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self.settings = kwargs.pop('settings', TunnelSettings())
        if isinstance(self.settings, dict):
            settings = TunnelSettings()
            for k, v in self.settings.iteritems():
                setattr(settings, k, v)
            self.settings = settings

        super(TunnelCommunity, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        self.request_cache = RequestCache()

        # Messages that can arrive from the socket
        self.decode_map.update({
            chr(1): self.on_cell,
            chr(10): self.on_destroy
        })

        # Messages that can arrive from a circuit (i.e., they are wrapped in a cell)
        self.decode_map_private = {
            chr(0): self.on_data,
            chr(2): self.on_create,
            chr(3): self.on_created,
            chr(4): self.on_extend,
            chr(5): self.on_extended,
            chr(6): self.on_ping,
            chr(7): self.on_pong
        }

        self.circuits = {}
        self.directions = {}
        self.relay_from_to = {}
        self.relay_session_keys = {}
        self.exit_sockets = {}
        self.circuits_needed = defaultdict(int)
        self.num_hops_by_downloads = defaultdict(int)  # Keeps track of the number of hops required by downloads
        self.exit_candidates = {}  # Keeps track of the candidates that want to be an exit node
        self.selection_strategy = RoundRobin(self)
        self.creation_time = time.time()

        self.crypto = self.settings.crypto

        self.logger.info("TunnelCommunity: setting become_exitnode = %s" % self.settings.become_exitnode)

        self.crypto.initialize(self.my_peer.key)

        self.register_task("do_circuits", LoopingCall(self.do_circuits)).start(5, now=True)
        self.register_task("do_ping", LoopingCall(self.do_ping)).start(PING_INTERVAL)

    def become_exitnode(self):
        return self.settings.become_exitnode

    def unload(self):
        # Remove all circuits/relays/exitsockets
        for circuit_id in self.circuits.keys():
            self.remove_circuit(circuit_id, 'unload', remove_now=True, destroy=True)
        for circuit_id in self.relay_from_to.keys():
            self.remove_relay(circuit_id, 'unload', remove_now=True, destroy=True, both_sides=False)
        for circuit_id in self.exit_sockets.keys():
            self.remove_exit_socket(circuit_id, 'unload', remove_now=True, destroy=True)

        self.request_cache.shutdown()

        super(TunnelCommunity, self).unload()

    def get_session_keys(self, keys, direction):
        # increment salt_explicit
        keys[direction + 4] += 1
        return keys[direction], keys[direction + 2], keys[direction + 4]

    def _generate_circuit_id(self, neighbour=None):
        circuit_id = random.getrandbits(32)

        # Prevent collisions.
        while circuit_id in self.circuits or (neighbour and (neighbour, circuit_id) in self.relay_from_to):
            circuit_id = random.getrandbits(32)

        return circuit_id

    def do_circuits(self):
        for circuit_length, num_circuits in self.circuits_needed.items():
            num_to_build = max(0, num_circuits - len(self.data_circuits(circuit_length)))
            self.logger.info("Want %d data circuits of length %d", num_to_build, circuit_length)
            for _ in range(num_to_build):
                if not self.create_circuit(circuit_length):
                    self.logger.info("circuit creation of %d circuits failed, no need to continue" %
                                             num_to_build)
                    break
        self.do_remove()

    def tunnels_ready(self, hops):
        if hops > 0:
            if self.num_hops_by_downloads[hops] < 1 or self.circuits_needed[hops] < 1:
                # if nothing sets the need for this number of tunnels they will eventually die. So the tunnels for this
                # number of hops is not in fact ready, and build_tunnels should be called.
                return 0

            if self.settings.min_circuits:
                return min(1, len(self.active_data_circuits(hops)) / float(self.settings.min_circuits))

            return 1 if self.active_data_circuits(hops) else 0
        return 1

    def build_tunnels(self, hops):
        if hops > 0:
            self.num_hops_by_downloads[hops] += 1
            self.circuits_needed[hops] = max(1, self.settings.max_circuits, self.circuits_needed[hops])
            self.do_circuits()

    def do_remove(self):
        # Remove circuits that are inactive / are too old / have transferred too many bytes.
        for key, circuit in self.circuits.items():
            if circuit.last_incoming < time.time() - self.settings.max_time_inactive:
                self.remove_circuit(key, 'no activity')
            elif circuit.creation_time < time.time() - self.settings.max_time:
                self.remove_circuit(key, 'too old')
            elif circuit.bytes_up + circuit.bytes_down > self.settings.max_traffic:
                self.remove_circuit(key, 'traffic limit exceeded')

        # Remove relays that are inactive / are too old / have transferred too many bytes.
        for key, relay in self.relay_from_to.items():
            if relay.last_incoming < time.time() - self.settings.max_time_inactive:
                self.remove_relay(key, 'no activity', both_sides=False)
            elif relay.creation_time < time.time() - self.settings.max_time:
                self.remove_relay(key, 'too old', both_sides=False)
            elif relay.bytes_up + relay.bytes_down > self.settings.max_traffic:
                self.remove_relay(key, 'traffic limit exceeded', both_sides=False)

        # Remove exit sockets that are too old / have transferred too many bytes.
        for circuit_id, exit_socket in self.exit_sockets.items():
            if exit_socket.last_incoming < time.time() - self.settings.max_time_inactive:
                self.remove_exit_socket(circuit_id, 'no activity')
            elif exit_socket.creation_time < time.time() - self.settings.max_time:
                self.remove_exit_socket(circuit_id, 'too old')
            elif exit_socket.bytes_up + exit_socket.bytes_down > self.settings.max_traffic:
                self.remove_exit_socket(circuit_id, 'traffic limit exceeded')

        # Remove exit_candidates that are not returned as dispersy verified candidates
        current_peers = set(p.public_key.key_to_bin() for p in self.network.get_peers_for_service(self.master_peer.mid))
        ckeys = self.exit_candidates.keys()
        for pubkey in ckeys:
            if pubkey not in current_peers:
                self.exit_candidates.pop(pubkey)
                self.logger.info("Removed candidate from exit_candidates dictionary")

    @property
    def compatible_candidates(self):
        return [p for p in self.network.get_peers_for_service(self.master_peer.mid)
                if self.crypto.is_key_compatible(p.public_key)]

    def create_circuit(self, goal_hops, ctype=CIRCUIT_TYPE_DATA, callback=None, required_exit=None, info_hash=None):

        self.logger.info("Creating a new circuit of length %d (type: %s)", goal_hops, ctype)

        # Determine the last hop
        if not required_exit:
            if ctype == CIRCUIT_TYPE_DATA:
                required_exit = random.choice(self.exit_candidates.values()) if self.exit_candidates else None
            else:
                # For exit nodes that don't exit actual data, we prefer verified candidates,
                # but we also consider exit candidates.
                if self.compatible_candidates:
                    required_exit = random.choice(self.compatible_candidates)
                elif self.exit_candidates:
                    required_exit = random.choice(self.exit_candidates.values())

        if not required_exit:
            self.logger.info("Could not create circuit, no available exit-nodes")
            return False

        # Determine the first hop
        if goal_hops == 1 and required_exit:
            # If the number of hops is 1, it should immediately be the required_exit hop.
            self.logger.info("First hop is required exit")
            first_hop = required_exit
        else:
            self.logger.info("Look for a first hop that is not an exit node and is not used before")
            first_hops = set([c.peer.address for c in self.circuits.values()])
            first_hop = next((c for c in self.compatible_candidates
                              if c.address not in first_hops and c.address != required_exit.address), None)

        if not first_hop:
            self.logger.info("Could not create circuit, no first hop available")
            return False

        # Finally, construct the Circuit object and send the CREATE message
        circuit_id = self._generate_circuit_id(first_hop.address)
        circuit = Circuit(circuit_id, first_hop, goal_hops, ctype, callback, required_exit, info_hash)

        self.request_cache.add(CircuitRequestCache(self, circuit))

        circuit.unverified_hop = Hop(first_hop.public_key)
        circuit.unverified_hop.address = first_hop.address
        circuit.unverified_hop.dh_secret, circuit.unverified_hop.dh_first_part = self.crypto.generate_diffie_secret()

        self.logger.info("Creating circuit %d of %d hops. First hop: %s:%d",
                         circuit_id, circuit.goal_hops, *first_hop.address)

        self.circuits[circuit_id] = circuit

        self.increase_bytes_sent(circuit, self.send_cell([first_hop],
                                                         u"create",
                                                         CreatePayload(circuit_id,
                                                                       self.my_peer.public_key.key_to_bin(),
                                                                       circuit.unverified_hop.dh_first_part)))

        return circuit_id

    def remove_circuit(self, circuit_id, additional_info='', remove_now=False, destroy=False):
        """
        Remove a circuit and return a deferred that fires when all data associated with the circuit is destroyed.
        Optionally send a destroy message.
        """
        circuit_to_remove = self.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)
        if circuit_to_remove is None:
            self.logger.warning('Cannot remove unknown circuit %d', circuit_id)
            return

        remove_deferred = Deferred()
        self.logger.info("Removing circuit %d " + additional_info, circuit_id)

        if destroy:
            self.destroy_circuit(circuit_to_remove)

        def remove_circuit_info():
            circuit = self.circuits.pop(circuit_id, None)
            if circuit:
                self.logger.info("Removed circuit %d " + additional_info, circuit_id)

            # Clean up the directions dictionary
            self.directions.pop(circuit_id, None)

            remove_deferred.callback(circuit_id)

        circuit_to_remove.close()

        if self.settings.remove_tunnel_delay == 0 or remove_now:
            remove_circuit_info()
        elif not self.is_pending_task_active("remove_circuit_%s" % circuit_id):

            self.register_task("remove_circuit_%s" % circuit_id,
                               reactor.callLater(self.settings.remove_tunnel_delay, remove_circuit_info))

        return remove_deferred

    def remove_relay(self, circuit_id, additional_info='', remove_now=False, destroy=False,
                     got_destroy_from=None, both_sides=True):
        """
        Remove a relay and all information associated with the relay. Return the relays that have been removed.
        """
        to_remove = [circuit_id]
        if both_sides:
            # Find other side of relay
            for k, v in self.relay_from_to.iteritems():
                if circuit_id == v.circuit_id:
                    to_remove.append(k)

        # Send destroy
        if destroy:
            self.destroy_relay(to_remove, got_destroy_from=got_destroy_from)

        removed_relays = []
        for cid in to_remove:
            def remove_relay_info(cid_to_remove):
                # Remove the relay
                self.logger.info("Removing relay %d %s", cid_to_remove, additional_info)

                relay = self.relay_from_to.pop(cid_to_remove, None)
                if relay:
                    removed_relays.append(relay)

                # Remove old session key
                self.relay_session_keys.pop(cid_to_remove, None)

                # Clean directions dictionary
                self.directions.pop(cid_to_remove, None)

            if self.settings.remove_tunnel_delay == 0 or remove_now:
                remove_relay_info(cid)
            elif not self.is_pending_task_active("remove_relay_%s" % cid):
                self.register_task("remove_relay_%s" % cid,
                                   reactor.callLater(self.settings.remove_tunnel_delay,
                                                     lambda cid_copy=cid: remove_relay_info(cid_copy)))

        return removed_relays

    def remove_exit_socket(self, circuit_id, additional_info='', remove_now=False, destroy=False):
        """
        Remove an exit socket. Send a destroy message if necessary.
        """
        exit_socket_to_destroy = self.exit_sockets.get(circuit_id, None)
        if exit_socket_to_destroy and destroy:
            self.destroy_exit_socket(exit_socket_to_destroy)

        def remove_exit_socket_info():
            exit_socket = self.exit_sockets.pop(circuit_id, None)
            if exit_socket:
                # Close socket
                if exit_socket.enabled:
                    self.logger.info("Removing exit socket %d %s", circuit_id, additional_info)

                    def on_exit_socket_closed(_):
                        # Remove old session key
                        self.relay_session_keys.pop(circuit_id, None)

                    exit_socket.close().addCallback(on_exit_socket_closed)

        if self.settings.remove_tunnel_delay == 0 or remove_now:
            remove_exit_socket_info()
        elif not self.is_pending_task_active("remove_exit_socket_%s" % circuit_id):
            self.register_task("remove_exit_socket_%s" % circuit_id,
                               reactor.callLater(self.settings.remove_tunnel_delay, remove_exit_socket_info))

    def destroy_circuit(self, circuit, reason=0):
        sock_addr = circuit.peer.address
        self.send_destroy(sock_addr, circuit.circuit_id, reason)
        self.logger.info("destroy_circuit %s %s", circuit.circuit_id, sock_addr)

    def destroy_relay(self, circuit_ids, reason=0, got_destroy_from=None):
        relays = {cid_from: (self.relay_from_to[cid_from].circuit_id,
                             self.relay_from_to[cid_from].peer.address) for cid_from in circuit_ids
                  if cid_from in self.relay_from_to}

        if got_destroy_from and got_destroy_from not in relays.values():
            self.logger.error("%s not allowed send destroy for circuit %s",
                              *reversed(got_destroy_from))
            return

        for cid_from, (cid_to, sock_addr) in relays.iteritems():
            self.logger.info("Found relay %s -> %s (%s)", cid_from, cid_to, sock_addr)
            if (cid_to, sock_addr) != got_destroy_from:
                self.send_destroy(sock_addr, cid_to, reason)
                self.logger.info("Fw destroy to %s %s", cid_to, sock_addr)

    def destroy_exit_socket(self, exit_socket, reason=0):
        sock_addr = exit_socket.peer.address
        self.send_destroy(sock_addr, exit_socket.circuit_id, reason)
        self.logger.info("Destroy_exit_socket %s %s", exit_socket.circuit_id, sock_addr)

    def data_circuits(self, hops=None):
        return {cid: c for cid, c in self.circuits.items()
                if c.ctype == CIRCUIT_TYPE_DATA and (hops is None or hops == c.goal_hops)}

    def active_data_circuits(self, hops=None):
        return {cid: c for cid, c in self.circuits.items()
                if c.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_READY and c.ctype == CIRCUIT_TYPE_DATA and
                (hops is None or hops == c.goal_hops)}

    def is_relay(self, circuit_id):
        return circuit_id > 0 and circuit_id in self.relay_from_to

    def is_circuit(self, circuit_id):
        return circuit_id > 0 and circuit_id in self.circuits

    def is_exit(self, circuit_id):
        return circuit_id > 0 and circuit_id in self.exit_sockets

    def send_cell(self, candidates, message_type, payload, circuit_id=None):
        message_id, _ = message_to_payload[message_type]
        packet = self._ez_pack(self._prefix, message_id, [payload.to_pack_list()], False)
        packet = convert_to_cell(packet)
        return self.send_message(candidates, message_type, packet, circuit_id if circuit_id else payload.circuit_id)

    def send_data(self, candidates, circuit_id, dest_address, source_address, data):
        payload = DataPayload(circuit_id, dest_address, source_address, data)
        return self.send_cell(candidates, u"data", payload, circuit_id)

    def send_message(self, candidates, message_type, packet, circuit_id):
        is_data = message_type == u"data"

        if message_type not in SINGLE_HOP_ENC_PACKETS:
            plaintext, encrypted = split_encrypted_packet(packet)
            try:
                encrypted = self.crypto_out(circuit_id, encrypted, is_data=is_data)
                packet = plaintext + encrypted

            except CryptoException, e:
                self.logger.error(str(e))
                return 0

        return self.send_packet(candidates, message_type, packet)

    def send_packet(self, candidates, message_type, packet):
        for candidate in candidates:
            address = candidate if isinstance(candidate, tuple) else candidate.address
            self.endpoint.send(address, packet)
        return len(packet)

    def send_destroy(self, candidate, circuit_id, reason):
        auth = BinMemberAuthenticationPayload(self.my_peer.public_key.key_to_bin()).to_pack_list()
        payload = DestroyPayload(circuit_id, reason).to_pack_list()
        packet = self._ez_pack(self._prefix, 10, [auth, payload])
        self.send_packet([candidate], u"destroy", packet)

    def relay_packet(self, circuit_id, message_type, packet):
        next_relay = self.relay_from_to[circuit_id]
        this_relay = self.relay_from_to.get(next_relay.circuit_id, None)

        self.logger.debug("Relay %s from %d to %d", message_type, circuit_id, next_relay.circuit_id)

        if this_relay:
            this_relay.last_incoming = time.time()
            self.increase_bytes_received(this_relay, len(packet))

        plaintext, encrypted = split_encrypted_packet(packet)
        try:
            if next_relay.rendezvous_relay:
                decrypted = self.crypto_in(circuit_id, encrypted)
                encrypted = self.crypto_out(next_relay.circuit_id, decrypted)
            else:
                encrypted = self.crypto_relay(circuit_id, encrypted)
            packet = plaintext + encrypted

        except CryptoException, e:
            self.logger.error(str(e))
            return False

        packet = swap_circuit_id(packet, message_type, circuit_id, next_relay.circuit_id)
        self.increase_bytes_sent(next_relay, self.send_packet([next_relay.peer], message_type, packet))
        return True

    def _ours_on_created_extended(self, circuit, payload):
        hop = circuit.unverified_hop

        try:
            shared_secret = self.crypto.verify_and_generate_shared_secret(hop.dh_secret, payload.key,
                                                                          payload.auth, hop.public_key.key.pk)
            hop.session_keys = self.crypto.generate_session_keys(shared_secret)

        except CryptoException:
            self.remove_circuit(circuit.circuit_id, "error while verifying shared secret, bailing out.")
            return

        circuit.add_hop(hop)
        circuit.unverified_hop = None

        if circuit.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_EXTENDING:
            ignore_candidates = [self.crypto.key_to_bin(hop.public_key) for hop in circuit.hops] + \
                                [self.my_peer.public_key]
            if circuit.required_exit:
                ignore_candidates.append(circuit.required_exit.public_key.key_to_bin())

            become_exit = circuit.goal_hops - 1 == len(circuit.hops)
            if become_exit and circuit.required_exit:
                # Set the required exit according to the circuit setting (e.g. for linking e2e circuits)
                extend_hop_public_bin = circuit.required_exit.public_key.key_to_bin()
                extend_hop_addr = circuit.required_exit.address

            else:
                # The next candidate is chosen from the returned list of possible candidates
                candidate_list_enc = payload.candidate_list
                _, candidate_list = decode(self.crypto.decrypt_str(candidate_list_enc,
                                                                   hop.session_keys[EXIT_NODE],
                                                                   hop.session_keys[EXIT_NODE_SALT]))

                for ignore_candidate in ignore_candidates:
                    if ignore_candidate in candidate_list:
                        candidate_list.remove(ignore_candidate)

                for i in range(len(candidate_list) - 1, -1, -1):
                    public_key = self.crypto.key_from_public_bin(candidate_list[i])
                    if not self.crypto.is_key_compatible(public_key):
                        candidate_list.pop(i)

                pub_key = next(iter(candidate_list), None)
                extend_hop_public_bin = pub_key
                extend_hop_addr = None

            if extend_hop_public_bin:
                extend_hop_public_key = self.crypto.key_from_public_bin(extend_hop_public_bin)
                circuit.unverified_hop = Hop(extend_hop_public_key)
                circuit.unverified_hop.dh_secret, circuit.unverified_hop.dh_first_part = \
                    self.crypto.generate_diffie_secret()

                self.logger.info("Extending circuit %d with %s", circuit.circuit_id,
                                 extend_hop_public_bin.encode('hex'))

                self.increase_bytes_sent(circuit, self.send_cell([circuit.peer],
                                                                 u"extend",
                                                                 ExtendPayload(circuit.circuit_id,
                                                                               circuit.unverified_hop.node_public_key,
                                                                               extend_hop_addr,
                                                                               circuit.unverified_hop.dh_first_part)))

            else:
                self.remove_circuit(circuit.circuit_id, "no candidates to extend, bailing out.")

        elif circuit.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_READY:
            self.request_cache.pop(u"anon-circuit", circuit.circuit_id)

            # Execute callback
            if circuit.callback:
                circuit.callback(circuit)
                circuit.callback = None
        else:
            return

    def update_exit_candidates(self, peer, become_exit):
        public_key = peer.public_key
        if become_exit:
            self.exit_candidates[public_key.key_to_bin()] = peer
        else:
            self.exit_candidates.pop(public_key.key_to_bin(), None)

    def parse_extra_bytes(self, extra_bytes):
        if not extra_bytes:
            return False

        payload = self.serializer.unpack_to_serializables([ExtraIntroductionPayload], extra_bytes)[0]
        return payload.exitnode

    def introduction_request_callback(self, peer, dist, payload):
        self.update_exit_candidates(peer, self.parse_extra_bytes(payload.extra_bytes))

    def introduction_response_callback(self, peer, dist, payload):
        self.update_exit_candidates(peer, self.parse_extra_bytes(payload.extra_bytes))

    def create_introduction_request(self, socket_address, extra_bytes=''):
        extra_payload = ExtraIntroductionPayload(self.become_exitnode())
        extra_bytes = self.serializer.pack_multiple(extra_payload.to_pack_list())[0]
        return super(TunnelCommunity, self).create_introduction_request(socket_address, extra_bytes)

    def create_introduction_response(self, lan_socket_address, socket_address, identifier,
                                     introduction=None, extra_bytes=''):
        extra_payload = ExtraIntroductionPayload(self.become_exitnode())
        extra_bytes = self.serializer.pack_multiple(extra_payload.to_pack_list())[0]
        return super(TunnelCommunity, self).create_introduction_response(lan_socket_address, socket_address,
                                                                         identifier, introduction, extra_bytes)

    def on_cell(self, source_address, data):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(CellPayload, data, global_time=False)

        message_type = [k for k, v in message_to_payload.iteritems() if v[0] == payload.message_type][0]
        circuit_id = payload.circuit_id
        self.logger.debug("Got %s (%d) from %s, I am %s", message_type,
                          payload.circuit_id, source_address, self.my_peer)

        if self.is_relay(circuit_id):
            if not self.relay_packet(circuit_id, message_type, data):
                circuit = self.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)
                if circuit:
                    self.send_destroy(circuit.peer, circuit_id, 0)

        else:
            circuit = self.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)

            if message_type not in SINGLE_HOP_ENC_PACKETS:
                plaintext, encrypted = split_encrypted_packet(data)
                try:
                    encrypted = self.crypto_in(circuit_id, encrypted, is_data=message_type == u'data')
                    data = plaintext + encrypted

                except CryptoException, e:
                    self.logger.warning(str(e))
                    if circuit:
                        self.send_destroy(circuit.peer, circuit_id, 0)
                    return

            self.on_packet_from_circuit(source_address, convert_from_cell(data), circuit_id)

            if circuit:
                circuit.beat_heart()
                self.increase_bytes_received(circuit, len(data))

    def on_packet_from_circuit(self, source_address, data, circuit_id):
        if self._prefix != data[:22]:
            return
        if data[22] in self.decode_map_private:
            try:
                self.decode_map_private[data[22]](source_address, data, circuit_id)
            except:
                self.logger.error("Exception occurred while handling packet!\n" +
                                  ''.join(format_exception(*sys.exc_info())))

    def should_join_circuit(self, create_payload, previous_node_address):
        """
        Check whether we should join a circuit.
        Returns a deferred that fires with a boolean.
        """
        if self.settings.max_joined_circuits <= len(self.relay_from_to) + len(self.exit_sockets):
            self.logger.warning("Too many relays (%d)", (len(self.relay_from_to) + len(self.exit_sockets)))
            return succeed(False)

        return succeed(True)

    def join_circuit(self, create_payload, previous_node_address):
        """
        Actively join a circuit and send a created message back
        """
        circuit_id = create_payload.circuit_id

        self.directions[circuit_id] = EXIT_NODE
        self.logger.info('TunnelCommunity: we joined circuit %d with neighbour %s',
                         circuit_id, previous_node_address)

        shared_secret, key, auth = self.crypto.generate_diffie_shared_secret(create_payload.key)
        self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id] = self.crypto.generate_session_keys(shared_secret)

        peers_list = [peer for peer in self.compatible_candidates
                      if peer.public_key.key_to_bin() not in self.exit_candidates][:4]
        peers_keys = {c.public_key.key_to_bin(): c for c in peers_list}

        peer = Peer(create_payload.node_public_key, previous_node_address)
        self.request_cache.add(CreatedRequestCache(self, circuit_id, peer, peers_keys))
        self.exit_sockets[circuit_id] = TunnelExitSocket(circuit_id, peer, self)

        keys_list_enc = self.crypto.encrypt_str(encode(peers_keys.keys()),
                                                *self.get_session_keys(self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id], EXIT_NODE))
        self.send_cell([Peer(create_payload.node_public_key, previous_node_address)], u"created",
                       CreatedPayload(circuit_id, key, auth, keys_list_enc))

    def on_create(self, source_address, data, _):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(CreatePayload, data, global_time=False)

        if self.request_cache.has(u"anon-created", payload.circuit_id):
            self.logger.warning("Already have a request for this circuit_id")
            return

        def determined_to_join(result):
            if result:
                self.join_circuit(payload, source_address)
            else:
                self.logger.warning("We're not joining circuit with ID %s", payload.circuit_id)

        self.should_join_circuit(payload, source_address).addCallback(determined_to_join)

    def on_created(self, source_address, data, _):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(CreatedPayload, data, global_time=False)

        if not self.request_cache.has(u"anon-circuit", payload.circuit_id):
            self.logger.warning("Invalid extended response circuit_id")
            return

        circuit_id = payload.circuit_id
        self.directions[circuit_id] = ORIGINATOR

        request = self.request_cache.get(u"anon-circuit", circuit_id)
        if request.should_forward:
            self.request_cache.pop(u"anon-circuit", circuit_id)

            self.logger.info("Got CREATED message forward as EXTENDED to origin.")

            self.relay_from_to[request.to_circuit_id] = forwarding_relay = RelayRoute(request.from_circuit_id,
                                                                                      request.peer)

            self.relay_from_to[request.from_circuit_id] = RelayRoute(request.to_circuit_id, request.to_peer)

            self.relay_session_keys[request.to_circuit_id] = self.relay_session_keys[request.from_circuit_id]

            self.directions[request.from_circuit_id] = EXIT_NODE
            self.remove_exit_socket(request.from_circuit_id)

            self.send_cell([forwarding_relay.peer], u"extended", ExtendedPayload(forwarding_relay.circuit_id,
                                                                                 payload.key,
                                                                                 payload.auth,
                                                                                 payload.candidate_list))
        else:
            circuit = self.circuits[circuit_id]
            self._ours_on_created_extended(circuit, payload)

    def on_extend(self, source_address, data, _):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(ExtendPayload, data, global_time=False)

        if not self.request_cache.has(u"anon-created", payload.circuit_id):
            self.logger.warning("Invalid extend request circuit_id")
            return

        circuit_id = payload.circuit_id
        request = self.request_cache.pop(u"anon-created", circuit_id)
        if not (payload.node_addr or payload.node_public_key in request.candidates):
            self.logger.warning("Node public key not in request candidates and no ip specified")
            return

        if payload.node_public_key in request.candidates:
            extend_candidate = request.candidates[payload.node_public_key]
        else:
            extend_candidate = self.network.get_verified_by_public_key_bin(payload.node_public_key)
            if not extend_candidate:
                extend_candidate = Peer(payload.node_public_key, payload.node_addr)
                self.network.add_verified_peer(extend_candidate)

        self.logger.info("On_extend send CREATE for circuit (%s, %d) to %s:%d", source_address,
                         circuit_id, *extend_candidate.address)

        to_circuit_id = self._generate_circuit_id(extend_candidate.address)

        if circuit_id in self.circuits:
            candidate = self.circuits[circuit_id].peer
        elif circuit_id in self.exit_sockets:
            candidate = self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].peer
        elif circuit_id in self.relay_from_to:
            candidate = self.relay_from_to[circuit_id].peer
        else:
            self.logger.error("Got extend for unknown source circuit_id")
            return

        self.logger.info("Extending circuit, got candidate with IP %s:%d from cache", *extend_candidate.address)

        self.request_cache.add(ExtendRequestCache(self, to_circuit_id, circuit_id,
                                                  candidate, extend_candidate))

        self.send_cell([extend_candidate], u"create",
                       CreatePayload(to_circuit_id, self.my_peer.public_key.key_to_bin(), payload.key))

    def on_extended(self, source_address, data, _):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(ExtendedPayload, data, global_time=False)

        if not self.request_cache.has(u"anon-circuit", payload.circuit_id):
            self.logger.warning("Invalid extended response circuit_id")
            return

        circuit_id = payload.circuit_id
        circuit = self.circuits[circuit_id]
        self._ours_on_created_extended(circuit, payload)

    def on_raw_data(self, circuit, origin, data):
        """
        Handle data, coming from a specific circuit and origin.
        This method is usually implemented in subclasses of this community.
        """
        pass

    def on_data(self, sock_addr, packet, _):
        # If its our circuit, the messenger is the candidate assigned to that circuit and the DATA's destination
        # is set to the zero-address then the packet is from the outside world and addressed to us from.

        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(DataPayload, packet, global_time=False)
        circuit_id = payload.circuit_id
        destination = payload.dest_address
        origin = payload.org_address
        data = payload.data

        self.logger.debug("Got data (%d) from %s", circuit_id, sock_addr)

        circuit = self.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)
        if circuit and origin and sock_addr == circuit.peer.address:
            circuit.beat_heart()
            self.increase_bytes_received(circuit, len(data))

            if DataChecker.could_be_ipv8(data):
                self.logger.debug("Giving incoming data packet to IPv8 (circuit ID %d)", circuit_id)
                self.on_packet_from_circuit(origin, data, circuit_id)
            else:
                # We probably received raw data, handle it
                self.on_raw_data(circuit, origin, data)

        # It is not our circuit so we got it from a relay, we need to EXIT it!
        else:
            self.logger.debug("Data for circuit %d exiting tunnel (%s)", circuit_id, destination)
            if destination != ('0.0.0.0', 0):
                self.exit_data(circuit_id, sock_addr, destination, data)
            else:
                self.logger.warning("Cannot exit data, destination is 0.0.0.0:0")

    def on_ping(self, source_address, data, _):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(PingPayload, data, global_time=False)

        if not (payload.circuit_id in self.circuits
                or payload.circuit_id in self.exit_sockets
                or payload.circuit_id in self.relay_from_to):
            return

        self.send_cell([source_address], u"pong", PongPayload(payload.circuit_id, payload.identifier))
        self.logger.debug("Got ping from %s", source_address)

    def on_pong(self, source_address, data, _):
        payload = self._ez_unpack_noauth(PongPayload, data, global_time=False)

        if not self.request_cache.has(u"ping", payload.identifier):
            self.logger.warning("Invalid ping circuit_id")
            return

        self.request_cache.pop(u"ping", payload.identifier)
        self.logger.debug("Got pong from %s", source_address)

    def do_ping(self):
        # Ping circuits. Pings are only sent to the first hop, subsequent hops will relay the ping.
        for circuit in self.circuits.values():
            if circuit.state == CIRCUIT_STATE_READY and circuit.ctype != CIRCUIT_TYPE_RENDEZVOUS:
                cache = self.request_cache.add(PingRequestCache(self, circuit))
                self.increase_bytes_sent(circuit, self.send_cell([circuit.peer],
                                                                 u"ping",
                                                                 PingPayload(circuit.circuit_id, cache.number)))

    @lazy_wrapper(DestroyPayload)
    def on_destroy(self, peer, payload):
        source_address = peer.address
        circuit_id = payload.circuit_id
        self.logger.info("Got destroy from %s for circuit %s", source_address, circuit_id)

        if circuit_id in self.relay_from_to:
            self.remove_relay(circuit_id, "Got destroy", destroy=True, got_destroy_from=(circuit_id, source_address))

        elif circuit_id in self.exit_sockets and source_address == self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].peer.address:
            self.logger.info("Got an exit socket %s %s", circuit_id, source_address)
            self.remove_exit_socket(circuit_id, "Got destroy")

        elif circuit_id in self.circuits and source_address == self.circuits[circuit_id].peer.address:
            self.logger.info("Got a circuit %s %s", circuit_id, source_address)
            self.remove_circuit(circuit_id, "Got destroy")

        else:
            self.logger.warning("Invalid or unauthorized destroy")

    def exit_data(self, circuit_id, sock_addr, destination, data):
        if not self.become_exitnode() and not DataChecker.could_be_ipv8(data):
            self.logger.error("Dropping data packets, refusing to be an exit node for data")

        elif circuit_id in self.exit_sockets:
            if not self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].enabled:
                # Check that we got the data from the correct IP.
                if sock_addr[0] == self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].peer.address[0]:
                    self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].enable()
                else:
                    self.logger.error("Dropping outbound relayed packet: IP's are %s != %s",
                                      str(sock_addr), str(self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].peer.address))
            try:
                self.exit_sockets[circuit_id].sendto(data, destination)
            except:
                self.logger.warning("Dropping data packets while EXITing")
        else:
            self.logger.error("Dropping data packets with unknown circuit_id")

    def crypto_out(self, circuit_id, content, is_data=False):
        circuit = self.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)
        if circuit:
            if circuit and is_data and circuit.ctype in [CIRCUIT_TYPE_RENDEZVOUS, CIRCUIT_TYPE_RP]:
                direction = int(circuit.ctype == CIRCUIT_TYPE_RP)
                content = self.crypto.encrypt_str(content, *self.get_session_keys(circuit.hs_session_keys, direction))

            for hop in reversed(circuit.hops):
                content = self.crypto.encrypt_str(content, *self.get_session_keys(hop.session_keys, EXIT_NODE))
            return content

        elif circuit_id in self.relay_session_keys:
            return self.crypto.encrypt_str(content,
                                           *self.get_session_keys(self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id], ORIGINATOR))

        raise CryptoException("Don't know how to encrypt outgoing message for circuit_id %d" % circuit_id)

    def crypto_in(self, circuit_id, content, is_data=False):
        circuit = self.circuits.get(circuit_id, None)
        if circuit:
            if len(circuit.hops) > 0:
                # Remove all the encryption layers
                layer = 0
                for hop in self.circuits[circuit_id].hops:
                    layer += 1
                    try:
                        content = self.crypto.decrypt_str(content,
                                                          hop.session_keys[ORIGINATOR],
                                                          hop.session_keys[ORIGINATOR_SALT])
                    except InvalidTag as e:
                        raise CryptoException("Got exception %r when trying to remove encryption layer %s "
                                              "for message: %r received for circuit_id: %s, is_data: %i, circuit_hops:"
                                              " %r" % (e, layer, content, circuit_id, is_data, circuit.hops))

                if is_data and circuit.ctype in [CIRCUIT_TYPE_RENDEZVOUS, CIRCUIT_TYPE_RP]:
                    direction = int(circuit.ctype != CIRCUIT_TYPE_RP)
                    direction_salt = direction + 2
                    content = self.crypto.decrypt_str(content,
                                                      circuit.hs_session_keys[direction],
                                                      circuit.hs_session_keys[direction_salt])
                return content

            else:
                raise CryptoException("Error decrypting message for circuit %d, circuit is set to 0 hops.")

        elif circuit_id in self.relay_session_keys:
            try:
                return self.crypto.decrypt_str(content,
                                               self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id][EXIT_NODE],
                                               self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id][EXIT_NODE_SALT])
            except InvalidTag as e:
                raise CryptoException("Got exception %r when trying to decrypt relay message: "
                                      "%r received for circuit_id: %s, is_data: %i, " %
                                      (e, content, circuit_id, is_data))

        raise CryptoException("Received message for unknown circuit ID: %d" % circuit_id)

    def crypto_relay(self, circuit_id, content):
        direction = self.directions[circuit_id]
        if direction == ORIGINATOR:
            return self.crypto.encrypt_str(content,
                                           *self.get_session_keys(self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id], ORIGINATOR))
        elif direction == EXIT_NODE:
            try:
                return self.crypto.decrypt_str(content,
                                               self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id][EXIT_NODE],
                                               self.relay_session_keys[circuit_id][EXIT_NODE_SALT])
            except InvalidTag:
                # Reasons that can cause this:
                # - The introductionpoint circuit is extended with a candidate
                # that is already part of the circuit, causing a crypto error.
                # Should not happen anyway, thorough analysis of the debug log
                # may reveal why and how this candidate is discovered.
                #
                # - The pubkey of the introduction point changed (e.g. due to a
                # restart), while other peers in the network are still exchanging
                # the old key information.
                # - A hostile peer may have forged the key of a candidate while
                # pexing information about candidates, thus polluting the network
                # with wrong information. I doubt this is the case but it's
                # possible. :)
                # (from https://github.com/Tribler/tribler/issues/1932#issuecomment-182035383)

                self.logger.warning("Could not decrypt message:\n"
                                     "  direction %s\n"
                                     "  circuit_id: %r\n"
                                     "  content: : %r\n"
                                     "  Possibly corrupt data?",
                                     direction, circuit_id, content)

        raise CryptoException("Direction must be either ORIGINATOR or EXIT_NODE")

    def increase_bytes_sent(self, obj, num_bytes):
        if isinstance(obj, Circuit):
            obj.bytes_up += num_bytes
        elif isinstance(obj, RelayRoute):
            obj.bytes_up += num_bytes
        elif isinstance(obj, TunnelExitSocket):
            obj.bytes_up += num_bytes
        else:
            raise TypeError("Increase_bytes_sent() was called with an object that is not a Circuit, " +
                            "RelayRoute or TunnelExitSocket")

    def increase_bytes_received(self, obj, num_bytes):
        if isinstance(obj, Circuit):
            obj.bytes_down += num_bytes
        elif isinstance(obj, RelayRoute):
            obj.bytes_down += num_bytes
        elif isinstance(obj, TunnelExitSocket):
            obj.bytes_down += num_bytes
        else:
            raise TypeError("Increase_bytes_received() was called with an object that is not a Circuit, " +
                            "RelayRoute or TunnelExitSocket")
