General recommendations (Türkçe) - ArchWiki

# General recommendations (Türkçe)

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Related articles

- FAQ
- Installation guide (Türkçe)
- List of applications

Bu doküman, Arch kurulu bir sistem için geliştirmeler ve işlev eklemeleri için önemli ipuçları içermektedir. Okuyucularımızın temel Arch Linux kurulumu için Installation guide (Türkçe) sayfasını okuması gerekmektedir. Bu sayfadaki diğer ipuçlarını da anlayabilmek için #System administration[broken link: invalid section] ve #Package management[broken link: invalid section] bölümlerinde açıklanan konseptleri anlamak ve okumak gerekmektedir.

## Sistem yönetimi

Bu kısım sistem yönetimi ve idari görevlerin yönetimi hakkında ipuçları sunacaktır. Daha fazlası için, şunlara göz atın: Çekirdek yardımcı programları ve Kategori:Sistem Yönetimi.

### Kullanıcılar ve gruplar

Yeni bir kurulum ile sadece ayrıca "root" olarak da bilinen superuser hesabına sahip olursunuz. Uzun süreler root olarak giriş yapmak, ya da SSH aracılığıyla açığa vurmak, güvensizdir. Bunun yerine çoğu görev için yetkileri sınırlandırılmış kullanıcı hesabı oluşturmalısınız, root hesabını ise sadece sistem yönetimi için kullanmalsınız. Detaylar için: Kullanıcılar ve gruplar#Kullanıcı yönetimi.

Kullanıcılar ve gruplar erişim kontrolü için bir mekanizmadır; Yöneticiler kullanıcı ve servislerin sistem kaynaklarına erişimi kısıtlamak veya onaylamak için grup üyeliği ve sahipliğine ince ayar çekebilirler. Detaylar ve potansiyel güvenlik riskleri için Users and groups makalesini okuyun.

### Ayrıcalık yükseltme

su ve sudo komutlarının amacı komutları başka bir kullanıcı olarak çalıştırmayı sağlar. Varsayılan olarak su sizi giriş kabuğuna root kullanıcısı olarak atar. sudo ise tek bir komut için geçici bir root ayrıcalığı sağlar. Aradaki farklılıklar için alakalı makaleleri okuyabilirsiniz.

### Servis yönetimi

Arch Linux açılış işlemleri için systemd kullanır. Bu Linux için bir sistem ve servis yöneticisidir. Arch Linux kurulumunuzu denetlemek için bunu öğrenmek iyi bir fikirdir. systemd ile etkileşimi systemctl komutu üzerinden yapmaktayız. Daha fazla bilgi için systemd#Temel systemctl kullanımı kısmını okuyabilirsiniz.

### Sistem bakımı

Arch yuvarlanan sürümlü bir sistemdir ve seri bir paket devri vardır. Bu yüzden kullanıcıların sistem bakımı için zaman harcaması gerekmektedir. Güvenlik kısmında sistemi kararlı tutmak adına en iyi pratikler ve önerilere ulaşabilirsiniz.

## Paket yönetimi

Bu kısım paket yönetimi ile alakalı yardımcı olabilecek bilgiler içerir. Daha fazlası için, SSS#Paket Yönetimi ve Kategori:Paket yönetimi sayfalarına göz atabilirsiniz.

Note: Arch Linux'da sistemi güncellemeden önce elle müdahale gerektiren değişiklikleri yapmak zorundasınız. Her güncelleme yapmadan önce arch-announce mailing sistemine abone olun veya Arch Linux ana sayfasını kontrol edin. Ayrıca, RSS beslemesine abone olmayı daha kullanışlı da bulabilirsiniz.

### pacman

pacman, Arch Linux paket yöneticisidir: tüm kullanıcıların diğer makaleleri okumadan önce bunu tanıması gerekmektedir.

pacman ile etkileşimi artırmak için ve genel paket yönetimi için pacman/İpuçları ve püf noktaları sayfasına göz atın.

### Depolar

Resmi olarak desteklenen depolar hakkında detaylı bilgi almak için Resmi depolar makalesine göz atabilirsiniz.

32-bit uygulamaları kullanmayı düşünüyorsanız, multilib deposunu açmak isteyebilirsiniz.

Gayriresmi kullanıcı depoları makalesi diğer desteklenmeyen depoları da içerir.

pkgstats servisini yüklemeyi düşünebilirsiniz.

### Yansımalar

Yansımalar makalesi üzerinden resmi depolar için en hızlı ve kullanışlı yansıma bağlantılarına ulaşabilirsiniz. Makalede belirtildiği üzere, rutin olarak Yansıma Durumu sayfası üzerinden en son senkronize edilen yansımaların listesini kontrol etmenizi tavsiye ediyoruz.

### Arch Build System

Ports is a system initially used by BSD distributions consisting of build scripts that reside in a directory tree on the local system. Simply put, each port contains a script within a directory intuitively named after the installable third-party application.

The Arch Build System offers the same functionality by providing build scripts called PKGBUILDs, which are populated with information for a given piece of software; integrity hashes, project URL, version, license and build instructions. These PKGBUILDs are later parsed by makepkg, the actual program that generates packages is cleanly manageable by pacman.

Every package in the repositories along with those present in the AUR are subject to recompilation with makepkg.

### Arch User Repository

While the Arch Build System allows the ability of building software available in the official repositories, the Arch User Repository (AUR) is the equivalent for user submitted packages. It is an unsupported repository of build scripts accessible through the web interface or through the Aurweb RPC interface.

## Booting

This section contains information pertaining to the boot process. An overview of the Arch boot process can be found at Arch boot process. For more, please see Category:Boot process.

### Hardware auto-recognition

Hardware should be auto-detected by udev during the boot process by default. A potential improvement in boot time can be achieved by disabling module auto-loading and specifying required modules manually, as described in Kernel modules. Additionally, Xorg should be able to auto-detect required drivers using `udev`, but users have the option to configure the X server manually too.

### Microcode

Processors may have faulty behaviour, which the kernel can correct by updating the microcode on startup. Intel processors require a separate package to this effect. See Microcode for details.

### Retaining boot messages

Once it concludes, the screen is cleared and the login prompt appears, leaving users unable to gather feedback from the boot process. Disable clearing of boot messages to overcome this limitation.

### Num Lock activation

Num Lock is a toggle key found in most keyboards. For activating Num Lock's number key-assignment during startup, see Activating Numlock on Bootup.

## Graphical user interface

This section provides orientation for users wishing to run graphical applications on their system. See Category:Graphical user interfaces for additional resources.

### Display server

Xorg is the public, open-source implementation of the X Window System (commonly X11, or X). It is required for running applications with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), and the majority of users will want to install it.

Wayland is a newer, alternative display server protocol and the Weston reference implementation is available.

### Display drivers

The default vesa display driver will work with most video cards, but performance can be significantly improved and additional features harnessed by installing the appropriate driver for ATI, Intel, or NVIDIA products.

### Desktop environments

Although Xorg provides the basic framework for building a graphical environment, additional components may be considered necessary for a complete user experience. Desktop environments such as GNOME, KDE, LXDE, and Xfce bundle together a wide range of X clients, such as a window manager, panel, file manager, terminal emulator, text editor, icons, and other utilities. Users with less experience may wish to install a desktop environment for a more familiar environment. See Category:Desktop environments for additional resources.

### Window managers

A full-fledged desktop environment provides a complete and consistent graphical user interface, but tends to consume a considerable amount of system resources. Users seeking to maximize performance or otherwise simplify their environment may opt to install a window manager alone and hand-pick desired extras. Most desktop environments allow use of an alternative window manager as well. Dynamic, stacking, and tiling window managers differ in their handling of window placement.

### Display manager

Most desktop environments include a display manager for automatically starting the graphical environment and managing user logins. Users without a desktop environment can install one separately. Alternatively you may start X at login as a simple alternative to a display manager.

## Power management

This section may be of use to laptop owners or users otherwise seeking power management controls. For more, please see Category:Power management.

See Power management for more general overview.

### ACPI events

Users can configure how the system reacts to ACPI events such as pressing the power button or closing a laptop's lid. For the new (recommended) method using systemd, see Power management with systemd. For the old method, see acpid.

### CPU frequency scaling

Modern processors can decrease their frequency and voltage to reduce heat and power consumption. Less heat leads to more quiet system and prolongs the life of hardware. See CPU frequency scaling for details.

### Laptops

For articles related to portable computing along with model-specific installation guides, please see Category:Laptops. For a general overview of laptop-related articles and recommendations, see Laptop.

### Suspend and Hibernate

See main article: Suspend and hibernate.

## Multimedia

Category:Multimedia includes additional resources.

### Sound

Sound is provided by kernel sound drivers:

- ALSA is included with the kernel and is recommended because usually it works out of the box (it just needs to be unmuted).

- OSS is a viable alternative in case ALSA does not work.

Users may additionally wish to install and configure a sound server such as PulseAudio. For advanced audio requirements, see professional audio.

### Browser plugins

For access to certain web content, browser plugins such as Adobe Acrobat Reader, Adobe Flash Player, and Java can be installed.

### Codecs

Codecs are utilized by multimedia applications to encode or decode audio or video streams. In order to play encoded streams, users must ensure an appropriate codec is installed.

## Networking

This section is confined to small networking procedures. Head over to Network configuration for a full guide. For more, please see Category:Networking.

### Clock synchronization

The Network Time Protocol (NTP) is a protocol for synchronizing the clocks of computer systems over packet-switched, variable-latency data networks. See Time synchronization for implementations of such protocol.

### DNS security

For better security while browsing web, paying online, connecting to SSH services and similar tasks consider using DNSSEC-enabled client software which can validate signed DNS records, and DNSCrypt to encrypt DNS traffic.

### Setting up a firewall

A firewall can provide an extra layer of protection on top of the Linux networking stack. While the stock Arch kernel is capable of using Netfilter's iptables and nftables, neither are enabled by default. It is highly recommended to set up some form of firewall. See Category:Firewalls for available guides.

### Resource sharing

To share files among the machines in a network, follow the NFS or the SSHFS article.

Use Samba to join a Windows network. To configure the machine to use Active Directory for authentication, read Active Directory Integration.

See also Category:Network sharing.

## Input devices

This section contains popular input device configuration tips. For more, please see Category:Input devices.

### Keyboard layouts

Non-English or otherwise non-standard keyboards may not function as expected by default. The necessary steps to configure the keymap are different for virtual console and Xorg, they are described in Keyboard configuration in console and Keyboard configuration in Xorg respectively.

### Mouse buttons

Owners of advanced or unusual mice may find that not all mouse buttons are recognized by default, or may wish to assign different actions for extra buttons. Instructions can be found in Mouse buttons.

### Laptop touchpads

Many laptops use Synaptics or ALPS "touchpad" pointing devices. For these, and several other touchpad models, you can use either the Synaptics input driver or libinput; see Touchpad Synaptics and libinput for installation and configuration details.

### TrackPoints

See the TrackPoint article to configure your TrackPoint device.

## Optimization

This section aims to summarize tweaks, tools and available options useful to improve system and application performance.

### Benchmarking

Benchmarking is the act of measuring performance and comparing the results to another system's results or a widely accepted standard through a unified procedure.

### Improving performance

The Improving performance article gathers information and is a basic rundown about gaining performance in Arch Linux.

### Solid state drives

The Solid State Drives article covers many aspects of solid state drives, including configuring them to maximize their lifetimes.

## System service

This section relates to daemons. For more, please see Category:Daemons and system services.

### File index and search

Most distributions have a locate command available to be able to quickly search for files. To get this functionality in Arch Linux, mlocate is the recommended install. After the install you should run updatedb to index the filesystems.

Desktop search engines[broken link: invalid section] provide a similar service, while better integrated into desktop environments.

### Local mail delivery

A default setup does not provide a way to sync mail. To configure Postfix for simple local mailbox delivery, see Postfix. Other options are SSMTP, msmtp and fdm.

### Printing

CUPS is a standards-based, open source printing system developed by Apple. See Category:Printers for printer-specific articles.

## Appearance

This section contains frequently-sought "eye candy" tweaks for an aesthetically pleasing Arch experience. For more, please see Category:Eye candy.

### Fonts

You may wish to install a set of TrueType fonts, as only unscalable bitmap fonts are included in a basic Arch system. There are several general-purpose font families providing large Unicode coverage and even metric compatibility with fonts from other operating systems.

A plethora of information on the subject can be found in the Fonts and Font configuration articles.

If spending a significant amount of time working from the virtual console (i.e. outside an X server), users may wish to change the console font to improve readability; see Fonts#Console fonts[broken link: invalid section].

### GTK+ and Qt themes

A big part of the applications with a graphical interface for Linux systems are based on the GTK+ or the Qt toolkits. See those articles and Uniform look for Qt and GTK applications for ideas to improve the appearance of your installed programs and adapt it to your liking.

## Console improvements

This section applies to small modifications that improve console programs' practicality. For more, please see Category:Command shells.

### Tab-completion enhancements

It is recommended to properly set up extended tab completion right away, as instructed in the article of your chosen shell.

### Aliases

Aliasing a command, or a group thereof, is a way of saving time when using the console. This is specially helpful for repetitive tasks that do not need significant alteration to their parameters between executions. Common time-saving aliases can be found in Bash#Aliases, which are easily portable to zsh as well.

### Alternative shells

Bash is the shell that is installed by default in an Arch system. The live installation media, however, uses zsh with the grml-zsh-config addon package. See Command-line shell#List of shells for more alternatives.

### Bash additions

A list of miscellaneous Bash settings, history search and Readline macros is available in Bash#Tips and tricks.

### Colored output

This section is covered in Color output in console.

### Compressed files

Compressed files, or archives, are frequently encountered on a GNU/Linux system. Tar is one of the most commonly used archiving tools, and users should be familiar with its syntax (Arch Linux packages, for example, are simply xzipped tarballs). See Archiving and compression.

### Console prompt

The console prompt (PS1) can be customized to a great extent. See Bash/Prompt customization or Zsh#Prompts if using Bash or Zsh, respectively.

### Emacs shell

Emacs is known for featuring options beyond the duties of regular text editing, one of these being a full shell replacement. Consult Emacs#Colored output issues for a fix regarding garbled characters that may result from enabling colored output.

### Mouse support

Using a mouse with the console for copy-paste operations can be preferred over GNU Screen's traditional copy mode. Refer to Console mouse support for comprehensive directions. Note that you can already do this in terminal emulators with the clipboard.

### Scrollback buffer

To be able to save and view text which has scrolled off the screen, refer to General troubleshooting#Scrollback.

### Session management

Using terminal multiplexers like tmux or GNU Screen, programs may be run under sessions composed of tabs and panes that can be detached at will, so when the user either kills the terminal emulator, terminates X, or logs off, the programs associated with the session will continue to run in the background as long as the terminal multiplexer server is active. Interacting with the programs requires reattaching to the session.

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