Using Variables

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# මූලිකාංග

The following describes the basic use of variables in LibreOffice Basic.

## Naming Conventions for Variable Identifiers

A variable name can consist of a maximum of 255 characters. The first character of a variable name must be a letter A-Z or a-z. Numbers can also be used in a variable name, but punctuation symbols and special characters are not permitted, with exception of the underscore character ("_"). In LibreOffice Basic variable identifiers are not case-sensitive. Variable names may contain spaces but must be enclosed in square brackets if they do.

Examples for variable identifiers:

    MyNumber=5
| Correct
    MyNumber5=15
| Correct
    MyNumber_5=20
| Correct
    My Number=20
| Not valid, variable with space must be enclosed in square brackets
    [My Number]=12
| Correct
    DéjàVu=25
| Not valid, special characters are not allowed
    5MyNumber=12
| Not valid, variable may not begin with a number
    Number,Mine=12
| Not valid, punctuation marks are not allowed

## Declaring Variables

In LibreOffice Basic you don't need to declare variables explicitly. A variable declaration can be performed with the Dim statement. You can declare more than one variable at a time by separating the names with a comma. To define the variable type, use either a type-declaration sign after the name, or the appropriate key word.

Examples for variable declarations:

    Dim a$
| Declares the variable "a" as a String
    Dim a As String
| Declares the variable "a" as a String
    Dim a$, b As Integer
| Declares one variable as a String and one as an Integer
    Dim c As Boolean
| Declares c as a Boolean variable that can be TRUE or FALSE

It is very important when declaring variables that you use the type-declaration character each time, even if it was used in the declaration instead of a keyword. Thus the following statements are invalid:

    Dim a$
| Declares "a" as a String
    a="TestString"
| Type-declaration missing: "a$="

Once you have declared a variable as a certain type, you cannot declare the variable under the same name again as a different type!

### Forcing Variable Declarations

To force declaration of variables, use the following command:

    Option Explicit

The Option Explicit statement has to be the first line in the module, before the first SUB. Generally, only arrays need to be declared explicitly. All other variables are declared according to the type-declaration character, or - if omitted - as the default type Single.

## Variable Types

LibreOffice Basic supports four variable classes:

- Numeric variables can contain number values. Some variables are used to store large or small numbers, and others are used for floating-point or fractional numbers.

- String variables contain character strings.

- Boolean variables contain either the TRUE or the FALSE value.

- Object variables can store objects of various types, like tables and documents within a document.

### Integer Variables

Integer variables range from -32768 to 32767. If you assign a floating-point value to an integer variable, the decimal places are rounded to the next integer. Integer variables are rapidly calculated in procedures and are suitable for counter variables in loops. An integer variable only requires two bytes of memory. "%" is the type-declaration character.

    Dim Variable%

    Dim Variable As Integer

### Long Integer Variables

Long integer variables range from -2147483648 to 2147483647. If you assign a floating-point value to a long integer variable, the decimal places are rounded to the next integer. Long integer variables are rapidly calculated in procedures and are suitable for counter variables in loops for large values. A long integer variable requires four bytes of memory. "&" is the type-declaration character.

    Dim Variable&

    Dim Variable As Long

### Decimal Variables

Decimal variables can take positive or negative numbers or zero. Accuracy is up to 29 digits.

You can use plus (+) or minus (-) signs as prefixes for decimal numbers (with or without spaces).

If a decimal number is assigned to an integer variable, LibreOffice Basic rounds the figure up or down.

### Single Variables

Single variables can take positive or negative values ranging from 3.402823 x 10E38 to 1.401298 x 10E-45. Single variables are floating-point variables, in which the decimal precision decreases as the non-decimal part of the number increases. Single variables are suitable for mathematical calculations of average precision. Calculations require more time than for Integer variables, but are faster than calculations with Double variables. A Single variable requires 4 bytes of memory. The type-declaration character is "!".

    Dim Variable!

    Dim Variable As Single

### Double Variables

Double variables can take positive or negative values ranging from 1.79769313486232 x 10E308 to 4.94065645841247 x 10E-324. Double variables are floating-point variables, in which the decimal precision decreases as the non-decimal part of the number increases. Double variables are suitable for precise calculations. Calculations require more time than for Single variables. A Double variable requires 8 bytes of memory. The type-declaration character is "#".

    Dim Variable#

    Dim Variable As Double

### Currency Variables

Currency variables are internally stored as 64-bit numbers (8 Bytes) and displayed as a fixed-decimal number with 15 non-decimal and 4 decimal places. The values range from -922337203685477.5808 to +922337203685477.5807. Currency variables are used to calculate currency values with a high precision. The type-declaration character is "@".

    Dim Variable@

    Dim Variable As Currency

### String Variables

String variables can hold character strings with up to 65,535 characters. Each character is stored as the corresponding Unicode value. String variables are suitable for word processing within programs and for temporary storage of any non-printable character up to a maximum length of 64 Kbytes. The memory required for storing string variables depends on the number of characters in the variable. The type-declaration character is "$".

    Dim Variable$

    Dim Variable As String

### Boolean Variables

Boolean variables store only one of two values: TRUE or FALSE. A number 0 evaluates to FALSE, every other value evaluates to TRUE.

    Dim Variable As Boolean

### Date Variables

Date variables can only contain dates and time values stored in an internal format. Values assigned to Date variables with Dateserial, Datevalue, Timeserial or Timevalue are automatically converted to the internal format. Date-variables are converted to normal numbers by using the Day, Month, Year or the Hour, Minute, Second function. The internal format enables a comparison of date/time values by calculating the difference between two numbers. These variables can only be declared with the key word Date.

    Dim Variable As Date

## Initial Variable Values

As soon as the variable has been declared, it is automatically set to the "Null" value. Note the following conventions:

Numeric variables are automatically assigned the value "0" as soon as they are declared.

Date variables are assigned the value 0 internally; equivalent to converting the value to "0" with the Day, Month, Year or the Hour, Minute, Second function.

String variables are assigned an empty-string ("") when they are declared.

## Arrays

LibreOffice Basic knows one- or multi-dimensional arrays, defined by a specified variable type. Arrays are suitable for editing lists and tables in programs. Individual elements of an array can be addressed through a numeric index.

Arrays must be declared with the Dim statement. There are several ways to define the index range of an array:

    Dim Text$(20)
| 21 elements numbered from 0 to 20
    Dim Text$(5,4)
| 30 elements (a matrix of 6 x 5 elements)
    Dim Text$(5 To 25)
| 21 elements numbered from 5 to 25
    Dim Text$(-15 To 5)
| 21 elements (including 0), numbered from -15 to 5

අනූක්‍රමණිකා පරාසයට ධන මෙන්ම සෘණ සංඛ්‍යා ද ඇතුලත් විය හැක.

## නියතයන්

නියතයන්ට ඇත්තේ වෙනස් නොවන අගයකි. ඒවා ක්‍රමලේඛනයේදී අර්ථ දක්වන්නේ එක් වරක් වන අතර, නැවත අර්ථ දැක්විය නොහැක:

    Const ConstName=Expression