/*
 * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 Nicira, Inc.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at:
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#ifndef OPENFLOW_NICIRA_EXT_H
#define OPENFLOW_NICIRA_EXT_H 1

#include <openflow/openflow.h>
#include <openvswitch/types.h>

/* The following vendor extensions, proposed by Nicira, are not yet
 * standardized, so they are not included in openflow.h.  Some of them may be
 * suitable for standardization; others we never expect to standardize. */


/* Nicira vendor-specific error messages extension.
 *
 * OpenFlow 1.0 has a set of predefined error types (OFPET_*) and codes (which
 * are specific to each type).  It does not have any provision for
 * vendor-specific error codes, and it does not even provide "generic" error
 * codes that can apply to problems not anticipated by the OpenFlow
 * specification authors.
 *
 * This extension attempts to address the problem by adding a generic "error
 * vendor extension".  The extension works as follows: use NXET_VENDOR as type
 * and NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR as code, followed by struct nx_vendor_error with
 * vendor-specific details, followed by at least 64 bytes of the failed
 * request.
 *
 * It would be better to have a type-specific vendor extension, e.g. so that
 * OFPET_BAD_ACTION could be used with vendor-specific code values.  But
 * OFPET_BAD_ACTION and most other standardized types already specify that
 * their 'data' values are (the start of) the OpenFlow message being replied
 * to, so there is no room to insert a vendor ID.
 *
 * Currently this extension is only implemented by Open vSwitch, but it seems
 * like a reasonable candidate for future standardization.
 */

/* This is a random number to avoid accidental collision with any other
 * vendor's extension. */
#define NXET_VENDOR 0xb0c2

/* ofp_error msg 'code' values for NXET_VENDOR. */
enum nx_vendor_code {
    NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR           /* 'data' contains struct nx_vendor_error. */
};

/* 'data' for 'type' == NXET_VENDOR, 'code' == NXVC_VENDOR_ERROR. */
struct nx_vendor_error {
    ovs_be32 vendor;            /* Vendor ID as in struct ofp_vendor_header. */
    ovs_be16 type;              /* Vendor-defined type. */
    ovs_be16 code;              /* Vendor-defined subtype. */
    /* Followed by at least the first 64 bytes of the failed request. */
};

/* Nicira vendor requests and replies. */

/* Fields to use when hashing flows. */
enum nx_hash_fields {
    /* Ethernet source address (NXM_OF_ETH_SRC) only. */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_ETH_SRC,

    /* L2 through L4, symmetric across src/dst.  Specifically, each of the
     * following fields, if present, is hashed (slashes separate symmetric
     * pairs):
     *
     *  - NXM_OF_ETH_DST / NXM_OF_ETH_SRC
     *  - NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE
     *  - The VID bits from NXM_OF_VLAN_TCI, ignoring PCP and CFI.
     *  - NXM_OF_IP_PROTO
     *  - NXM_OF_IP_SRC / NXM_OF_IP_DST
     *  - NXM_OF_TCP_SRC / NXM_OF_TCP_DST
     */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_SYMMETRIC_L4,

    /* L3+L4 only, including the following fields:
     *
     *  - NXM_OF_IP_PROTO
     *  - NXM_OF_IP_SRC / NXM_OF_IP_DST
     *  - NXM_OF_SCTP_SRC / NXM_OF_SCTP_DST
     *  - NXM_OF_TCP_SRC / NXM_OF_TCP_DST
     */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_SYMMETRIC_L3L4,

    /* L3+L4 only with UDP ports, including the following fields:
     *
     *  - NXM_OF_IP_PROTO
     *  - NXM_OF_IP_SRC / NXM_OF_IP_DST
     *  - NXM_OF_SCTP_SRC / NXM_OF_SCTP_DST
     *  - NXM_OF_TCP_SRC / NXM_OF_TCP_DST
     *  - NXM_OF_UDP_SRC / NXM_OF_UDP_DST
     */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_SYMMETRIC_L3L4_UDP,

    /* Network source address (NXM_OF_IP_SRC) only. */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_NW_SRC,

    /* Network destination address (NXM_OF_IP_DST) only. */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_NW_DST,

    /* Both network destination and source destination addresses. */
    NX_HASH_FIELDS_SYMMETRIC_L3
};

/* NXT_PACKET_IN (analogous to OFPT_PACKET_IN).
 *
 * NXT_PACKET_IN is similar to the OpenFlow 1.2 OFPT_PACKET_IN.  The
 * differences are:
 *
 *     - NXT_PACKET_IN includes the cookie of the rule that triggered the
 *       message.  (OpenFlow 1.3 OFPT_PACKET_IN also includes the cookie.)
 *
 *     - The metadata fields use NXM (instead of OXM) field numbers.
 *
 * Open vSwitch 1.9.0 and later omits metadata fields that are zero (as allowed
 * by OpenFlow 1.2).  Earlier versions included all implemented metadata
 * fields.
 *
 * Open vSwitch does not include non-metadata in the nx_match, because by
 * definition that information can be found in the packet itself.  The format
 * and the standards allow this, however, so controllers should be prepared to
 * tolerate future changes.
 *
 * The NXM format is convenient for reporting metadata values, but it is
 * important not to interpret the format as matching against a flow, because it
 * does not.  Nothing is being matched; arbitrary metadata masks would not be
 * meaningful.
 *
 * Whereas in most cases a controller can expect to only get back NXM fields
 * that it set up itself (e.g. flow dumps will ordinarily report only NXM
 * fields from flows that the controller added), NXT_PACKET_IN messages might
 * contain fields that the controller does not understand, because the switch
 * might support fields (new registers, new protocols, etc.) that the
 * controller does not.  The controller must prepared to tolerate these.
 *
 * The 'cookie' field has no meaning when 'reason' is OFPR_NO_MATCH.  In this
 * case it should be UINT64_MAX. */
struct nx_packet_in {
    ovs_be32 buffer_id;       /* ID assigned by datapath. */
    ovs_be16 total_len;       /* Full length of frame. */
    uint8_t reason;           /* Reason packet is sent (one of OFPR_*). */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of the table that was looked up. */
    ovs_be64 cookie;          /* Cookie of the rule that was looked up. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Size of nx_match. */
    uint8_t pad[6];           /* Align to 64-bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, then
     *   - Exactly 2 all-zero padding bytes, then
     *   - An Ethernet frame whose length is inferred from nxh.header.length.
     *
     * The padding bytes preceding the Ethernet frame ensure that the IP
     * header (if any) following the Ethernet header is 32-bit aligned. */

    /* uint8_t nxm_fields[...]; */ /* NXM headers. */
    /* uint8_t pad[2]; */          /* Align to 64 bit + 16 bit. */
    /* uint8_t data[0]; */         /* Ethernet frame. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_packet_in) == 24);

/* NXT_PACKET_IN2
 * ==============
 *
 * NXT_PACKET_IN2 is conceptually similar to OFPT_PACKET_IN but it is expressed
 * as an extensible set of properties instead of using a fixed structure.
 *
 * Added in Open vSwitch 2.6
 *
 *
 * Continuations
 * -------------
 *
 * When a "controller" action specifies the "pause" flag, the controller action
 * freezes the packet's trip through Open vSwitch flow tables and serializes
 * that state into the packet-in message as a "continuation".  The controller
 * can later send the continuation back to the switch, which will restart the
 * packet's traversal from the point where it was interrupted.  This permits an
 * OpenFlow controller to interpose on a packet midway through processing in
 * Open vSwitch.
 *
 * Continuations fit into packet processing this way:
 *
 * 1. A packet ingresses into Open vSwitch, which runs it through the OpenFlow
 *    tables.
 *
 * 2. An OpenFlow flow executes a "controller" action that includes the "pause"
 *    flag.  Open vSwitch serializes the packet processing state and sends it,
 *    as an NXT_PACKET_IN2 that includes an additional NXPINT_CONTINUATION
 *    property (the continuation), to the OpenFlow controller.
 *
 *    (The controller must use NXAST_CONTROLLER2 to generate the packet-in,
 *    because only this form of the "controller" action has a "pause" flag.
 *    Similarly, the controller must use NXT_SET_PACKET_IN_FORMAT to select
 *    NXT_PACKET_IN2 as the packet-in format, because this is the only format
 *    that supports continuation passing.)
 *
 * 3. The controller receives the NXT_PACKET_IN2 and processes it.  The
 *    controller can interpret and, if desired, modify some of the contents of
 *    the packet-in, such as the packet and the metadata being processed.
 *
 * 4. The controller sends the continuation back to the switch, using an
 *    NXT_RESUME message.  Packet processing resumes where it left off.
 *
 * The controller might change the pipeline configuration concurrently with
 * steps 2 through 4.  For example, it might add or remove OpenFlow flows.  If
 * that happens, then the packet will experience a mix of processing from the
 * two configurations, that is, the initial processing (before
 * NXAST_CONTROLLER2) uses the initial flow table, and the later processing
 * (after NXT_RESUME) uses the later flow table.  This means that the
 * controller needs to take care to avoid incompatible pipeline changes while
 * processing continuations.
 *
 * External side effects (e.g. "output") of OpenFlow actions processed before
 * NXAST_CONTROLLER2 is encountered might be executed during step 2 or step 4,
 * and the details may vary among Open vSwitch features and versions.  Thus, a
 * controller that wants to make sure that side effects are executed must pass
 * the continuation back to the switch, that is, must not skip step 4.
 *
 * Architecturally, continuations may be "stateful" or "stateless", that is,
 * they may or may not refer to buffered state maintained in Open vSwitch.
 * This means that a controller should not attempt to resume a given
 * continuations more than once (because the switch might have discarded the
 * buffered state after the first use).  For the same reason, continuations
 * might become "stale" if the controller takes too long to resume them
 * (because the switch might have discarded old buffered state).  Taken
 * together with the previous note, this means that a controller should resume
 * each continuation exactly once (and promptly).
 *
 * Without the information in NXPINT_CONTINUATION, the controller can (with
 * careful design, and help from the flow cookie) determine where the packet is
 * in the pipeline, but in the general case it can't determine what nested
 * "resubmit"s that may be in progress, or what data is on the stack maintained
 * by NXAST_STACK_PUSH and NXAST_STACK_POP actions, what is in the OpenFlow
 * action set, etc.
 *
 * Continuations are expensive because they require a round trip between the
 * switch and the controller.  Thus, they should not be used to implement
 * processing that needs to happen at "line rate".
 *
 * The contents of NXPINT_CONTINUATION are private to the switch, may change
 * unpredictably from one version of Open vSwitch to another, and are not
 * documented here.  The contents are also tied to a given Open vSwitch process
 * and bridge, so that restarting Open vSwitch or deleting and recreating a
 * bridge will cause the corresponding NXT_RESUME to be rejected.
 *
 * In the current implementation, Open vSwitch forks the packet processing
 * pipeline across patch ports.  Suppose, for example, that the pipeline for
 * br0 outputs to a patch port whose peer belongs to br1, and that the pipeline
 * for br1 executes a controller action with the "pause" flag.  This only
 * pauses processing within br1, and processing in br0 continues and possibly
 * completes with visible side effects, such as outputting to ports, before
 * br1's controller receives or processes the continuation.  This
 * implementation maintains the independence of separate bridges and, since
 * processing in br1 cannot affect the behavior of br0 anyway, should not cause
 * visible behavioral changes.
 *
 * A stateless implementation of continuations may ignore the "controller"
 * action max_len, always sending the whole packet, because the full packet is
 * required to continue traversal.
 */
enum nx_packet_in2_prop_type {
    /* Packet. */
    NXPINT_PACKET,              /* Raw packet data. */
    NXPINT_FULL_LEN,            /* ovs_be32: Full packet len, if truncated. */
    NXPINT_BUFFER_ID,           /* ovs_be32: Buffer ID, if buffered. */

    /* Information about the flow that triggered the packet-in. */
    NXPINT_TABLE_ID,            /* uint8_t: Table ID. */
    NXPINT_COOKIE,              /* ovs_be64: Flow cookie. */

    /* Other. */
    NXPINT_REASON,              /* uint8_t, one of OFPR_*. */
    NXPINT_METADATA,            /* NXM or OXM for metadata fields. */
    NXPINT_USERDATA,            /* From NXAST_CONTROLLER2 userdata. */
    NXPINT_CONTINUATION,        /* Private data for continuing processing. */
};

/* Configures the "role" of the sending controller.  The default role is:
 *
 *    - Other (NX_ROLE_OTHER), which allows the controller access to all
 *      OpenFlow features.
 *
 * The other possible roles are a related pair:
 *
 *    - Master (NX_ROLE_MASTER) is equivalent to Other, except that there may
 *      be at most one Master controller at a time: when a controller
 *      configures itself as Master, any existing Master is demoted to the
 *      Slave role.
 *
 *    - Slave (NX_ROLE_SLAVE) allows the controller read-only access to
 *      OpenFlow features.  In particular attempts to modify the flow table
 *      will be rejected with an OFPBRC_EPERM error.
 *
 *      Slave controllers do not receive OFPT_PACKET_IN or OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED
 *      messages, but they do receive OFPT_PORT_STATUS messages.
 */
struct nx_role_request {
    ovs_be32 role;              /* One of NX_ROLE_*. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_role_request) == 4);

enum nx_role {
    NX_ROLE_OTHER,              /* Default role, full access. */
    NX_ROLE_MASTER,             /* Full access, at most one. */
    NX_ROLE_SLAVE               /* Read-only access. */
};

/* NXT_SET_ASYNC_CONFIG.
 *
 * Sent by a controller, this message configures the asynchronous messages that
 * the controller wants to receive.  Element 0 in each array specifies messages
 * of interest when the controller has an "other" or "master" role; element 1,
 * when the controller has a "slave" role.
 *
 * Each array element is a bitmask in which a 0-bit disables receiving a
 * particular message and a 1-bit enables receiving it.  Each bit controls the
 * message whose 'reason' corresponds to the bit index.  For example, the bit
 * with value 1<<2 == 4 in port_status_mask[1] determines whether the
 * controller will receive OFPT_PORT_STATUS messages with reason OFPPR_MODIFY
 * (value 2) when the controller has a "slave" role.
 *
 * As a side effect, for service controllers, this message changes the
 * miss_send_len from default of zero to OFP_DEFAULT_MISS_SEND_LEN (128).
 */
struct nx_async_config {
    ovs_be32 packet_in_mask[2];    /* Bitmasks of OFPR_* values. */
    ovs_be32 port_status_mask[2];  /* Bitmasks of OFPRR_* values. */
    ovs_be32 flow_removed_mask[2]; /* Bitmasks of OFPPR_* values. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_async_config) == 24);

/* Flexible flow specifications (aka NXM = Nicira Extended Match).
 *
 * OpenFlow 1.0 has "struct ofp10_match" for specifying flow matches.  This
 * structure is fixed-length and hence difficult to extend.  This section
 * describes a more flexible, variable-length flow match, called "nx_match" for
 * short, that is also supported by Open vSwitch.  This section also defines a
 * replacement for each OpenFlow message that includes struct ofp10_match.
 *
 * OpenFlow 1.2+ introduced OpenFlow Extensible Match (OXM), adapting
 * the design of NXM.  The format of NXM and OXM are compatible.
 *
 *
 * Format
 * ======
 *
 * An nx_match is a sequence of zero or more "nxm_entry"s, which are
 * type-length-value (TLV) entries, each 5 to 259 (inclusive) bytes long.
 * "nxm_entry"s are not aligned on or padded to any multibyte boundary.  The
 * first 4 bytes of an nxm_entry are its "header", followed by the entry's
 * "body".
 *
 * An nxm_entry's header is interpreted as a 32-bit word in network byte order:
 *
 * |<-------------------- nxm_type ------------------>|
 * |                                                  |
 * |31                              16 15            9| 8 7                0
 * +----------------------------------+---------------+--+------------------+
 * |            nxm_vendor            |   nxm_field   |hm|    nxm_length    |
 * +----------------------------------+---------------+--+------------------+
 *
 * The most-significant 23 bits of the header are collectively "nxm_type".
 * Bits 16...31 are "nxm_vendor", one of OFPXMC12_* values.  In case of
 * NXM, it's either OFPXMC12_NXM_0 or OFPXMC12_NXM_1.
 * Bits 9...15 are "nxm_field", which is a vendor-specific value.  nxm_type
 * normally designates a protocol header, such as the Ethernet type, but it
 * can also refer to packet metadata, such as the switch port on which a packet
 * arrived.
 *
 * Bit 8 is "nxm_hasmask" (labeled "hm" above for space reasons).  The meaning
 * of this bit is explained later.
 *
 * The least-significant 8 bits are "nxm_length", a positive integer.  The
 * length of the nxm_entry, including the header, is exactly 4 + nxm_length
 * bytes.
 *
 * For a given nxm_vendor, nxm_field, and nxm_hasmask value, nxm_length is a
 * constant.  It is included only to allow software to minimally parse
 * "nxm_entry"s of unknown types.  (Similarly, for a given nxm_vendor,
 * nxm_field, and nxm_length, nxm_hasmask is a constant.)
 *
 *
 * Semantics
 * =========
 *
 * A zero-length nx_match (one with no "nxm_entry"s) matches every packet.
 *
 * An nxm_entry places a constraint on the packets matched by the nx_match:
 *
 *   - If nxm_hasmask is 0, the nxm_entry's body contains a value for the
 *     field, called "nxm_value".  The nx_match matches only packets in which
 *     the field equals nxm_value.
 *
 *   - If nxm_hasmask is 1, then the nxm_entry's body contains a value for the
 *     field (nxm_value), followed by a bitmask of the same length as the
 *     value, called "nxm_mask".  For each 1-bit in position J in nxm_mask, the
 *     nx_match matches only packets for which bit J in the given field's value
 *     matches bit J in nxm_value.  A 0-bit in nxm_mask causes the
 *     corresponding bit in nxm_value is ignored (it should be 0; Open vSwitch
 *     may enforce this someday), as is the corresponding bit in the field's
 *     value.  (The sense of the nxm_mask bits is the opposite of that used by
 *     the "wildcards" member of struct ofp10_match.)
 *
 *     When nxm_hasmask is 1, nxm_length is always even.
 *
 *     An all-zero-bits nxm_mask is equivalent to omitting the nxm_entry
 *     entirely.  An all-one-bits nxm_mask is equivalent to specifying 0 for
 *     nxm_hasmask.
 *
 * When there are multiple "nxm_entry"s, all of the constraints must be met.
 *
 *
 * Mask Restrictions
 * =================
 *
 * Masks may be restricted:
 *
 *   - Some nxm_types may not support masked wildcards, that is, nxm_hasmask
 *     must always be 0 when these fields are specified.  For example, the
 *     field that identifies the port on which a packet was received may not be
 *     masked.
 *
 *   - Some nxm_types that do support masked wildcards may only support certain
 *     nxm_mask patterns.  For example, fields that have IPv4 address values
 *     may be restricted to CIDR masks.
 *
 * These restrictions should be noted in specifications for individual fields.
 * A switch may accept an nxm_hasmask or nxm_mask value that the specification
 * disallows, if the switch correctly implements support for that nxm_hasmask
 * or nxm_mask value.  A switch must reject an attempt to set up a flow that
 * contains a nxm_hasmask or nxm_mask value that it does not support.
 *
 *
 * Prerequisite Restrictions
 * =========================
 *
 * The presence of an nxm_entry with a given nxm_type may be restricted based
 * on the presence of or values of other "nxm_entry"s.  For example:
 *
 *   - An nxm_entry for nxm_type=NXM_OF_IP_TOS is allowed only if it is
 *     preceded by another entry with nxm_type=NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE, nxm_hasmask=0,
 *     and nxm_value=0x0800.  That is, matching on the IP source address is
 *     allowed only if the Ethernet type is explicitly set to IP.
 *
 *   - An nxm_entry for nxm_type=NXM_OF_TCP_SRC is allowed only if it is
 *     preceded by an entry with nxm_type=NXM_OF_ETH_TYPE, nxm_hasmask=0, and
 *     nxm_value either 0x0800 or 0x86dd, and another with
 *     nxm_type=NXM_OF_IP_PROTO, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_value=6, in that order.
 *     That is, matching on the TCP source port is allowed only if the Ethernet
 *     type is IP or IPv6 and the IP protocol is TCP.
 *
 * These restrictions should be noted in specifications for individual fields.
 * A switch may implement relaxed versions of these restrictions.  A switch
 * must reject an attempt to set up a flow that violates its restrictions.
 *
 *
 * Ordering Restrictions
 * =====================
 *
 * An nxm_entry that has prerequisite restrictions must appear after the
 * "nxm_entry"s for its prerequisites.  Ordering of "nxm_entry"s within an
 * nx_match is not otherwise constrained.
 *
 * Any given nxm_type may appear in an nx_match at most once.
 *
 *
 * nxm_entry Examples
 * ==================
 *
 * These examples show the format of a single nxm_entry with particular
 * nxm_hasmask and nxm_length values.  The diagrams are labeled with field
 * numbers and byte indexes.
 *
 *
 * 8-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=1, nxm_length=2:
 *
 *  0          3  4   5
 * +------------+---+---+
 * |   header   | v | m |
 * +------------+---+---+
 *
 *
 * 16-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_length=2:
 *
 *  0          3 4    5
 * +------------+------+
 * |   header   | value|
 * +------------+------+
 *
 *
 * 32-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_length=4:
 *
 *  0          3 4           7
 * +------------+-------------+
 * |   header   |  nxm_value  |
 * +------------+-------------+
 *
 *
 * 48-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=0, nxm_length=6:
 *
 *  0          3 4                9
 * +------------+------------------+
 * |   header   |     nxm_value    |
 * +------------+------------------+
 *
 *
 * 48-bit nxm_value, nxm_hasmask=1, nxm_length=12:
 *
 *  0          3 4                9 10              15
 * +------------+------------------+------------------+
 * |   header   |     nxm_value    |      nxm_mask    |
 * +------------+------------------+------------------+
 *
 *
 * Error Reporting
 * ===============
 *
 * A switch should report an error in an nx_match using error type
 * OFPET_BAD_REQUEST and one of the NXBRC_NXM_* codes.  Ideally the switch
 * should report a specific error code, if one is assigned for the particular
 * problem, but NXBRC_NXM_INVALID is also available to report a generic
 * nx_match error.
 */

/* Number of registers allocated NXM field IDs. */
#define NXM_NX_MAX_REGS 16

/* Bits in the value of NXM_NX_IP_FRAG. */
#define NX_IP_FRAG_ANY   (1 << 0) /* Is this a fragment? */
#define NX_IP_FRAG_LATER (1 << 1) /* Is this a fragment with nonzero offset? */

/* Bits in the value of NXM_NX_TUN_FLAGS. */
#define NX_TUN_FLAG_OAM  (1 << 0) /* Is this an OAM packet? */

/* ## --------------------- ## */
/* ## Requests and replies. ## */
/* ## --------------------- ## */

/* NXT_FLOW_MOD (analogous to OFPT_FLOW_MOD).
 *
 * It is possible to limit flow deletions and modifications to certain
 * cookies by using the NXM_NX_COOKIE(_W) matches.  The "cookie" field
 * is used only to add or modify flow cookies.
 */
struct nx_flow_mod {
    ovs_be64 cookie;              /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    ovs_be16 command;             /* OFPFC_*, and table ID if flow_mod_table_id
                                   * is enabled. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;        /* Idle time before discarding (seconds). */
    ovs_be16 hard_timeout;        /* Max time before discarding (seconds). */
    ovs_be16 priority;            /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    ovs_be32 buffer_id;           /* Buffered packet to apply to (or -1).
                                     Not meaningful for OFPFC_DELETE*. */
    ovs_be16 out_port;            /* For OFPFC_DELETE* commands, require
                                     matching entries to include this as an
                                     output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                     indicates no restriction. */
    ovs_be16 flags;               /* One of OFPFF_*. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;           /* Size of nx_match. */
    uint8_t pad[6];               /* Align to 64-bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, then
     *   - Actions to fill out the remainder of the message length (always a
     *     multiple of 8).
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_mod) == 32);

/* NXT_FLOW_REMOVED (analogous to OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED).
 *
 * 'table_id' is present only in Open vSwitch 1.11 and later.  In earlier
 * versions of Open vSwitch, this is a padding byte that is always zeroed.
 * Therefore, a 'table_id' value of 0 indicates that the table ID is not known,
 * and other values may be interpreted as one more than the flow's former table
 * ID. */
struct nx_flow_removed {
    ovs_be64 cookie;          /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    ovs_be16 priority;        /* Priority level of flow entry. */
    uint8_t reason;           /* One of OFPRR_*. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* Flow's former table ID, plus one. */
    ovs_be32 duration_sec;    /* Time flow was alive in seconds. */
    ovs_be32 duration_nsec;   /* Time flow was alive in nanoseconds beyond
                                 duration_sec. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;    /* Idle timeout from original flow mod. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Size of nx_match. */
    ovs_be64 packet_count;
    ovs_be64 byte_count;
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_removed) == 40);

/* Nicira vendor stats request of type NXST_FLOW (analogous to OFPST_FLOW
 * request).
 *
 * It is possible to limit matches to certain cookies by using the
 * NXM_NX_COOKIE and NXM_NX_COOKIE_W matches.
 */
struct nx_flow_stats_request {
    ovs_be16 out_port;        /* Require matching entries to include this
                                 as an output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                 indicates no restriction. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of table to read (from ofp_table_stats)
                                 or 0xff for all tables. */
    uint8_t pad[3];           /* Align to 64 bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, which must also exactly fill out the length of the
     *     message.
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_stats_request) == 8);

/* Body for Nicira vendor stats reply of type NXST_FLOW (analogous to
 * OFPST_FLOW reply).
 *
 * The values of 'idle_age' and 'hard_age' are only meaningful when talking to
 * a switch that implements the NXT_FLOW_AGE extension.  Zero means that the
 * true value is unknown, perhaps because hardware does not track the value.
 * (Zero is also the value that one should ordinarily expect to see talking to
 * a switch that does not implement NXT_FLOW_AGE, since those switches zero the
 * padding bytes that these fields replaced.)  A nonzero value X represents X-1
 * seconds.  A value of 65535 represents 65534 or more seconds.
 *
 * 'idle_age' is the number of seconds that the flow has been idle, that is,
 * the number of seconds since a packet passed through the flow.  'hard_age' is
 * the number of seconds since the flow was last modified (e.g. OFPFC_MODIFY or
 * OFPFC_MODIFY_STRICT).  (The 'duration_*' fields are the elapsed time since
 * the flow was added, regardless of subsequent modifications.)
 *
 * For a flow with an idle or hard timeout, 'idle_age' or 'hard_age',
 * respectively, will ordinarily be smaller than the timeout, but flow
 * expiration times are only approximate and so one must be prepared to
 * tolerate expirations that occur somewhat early or late.
 */
struct nx_flow_stats {
    ovs_be16 length;          /* Length of this entry. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of table flow came from. */
    uint8_t pad;
    ovs_be32 duration_sec;    /* Time flow has been alive in seconds. */
    ovs_be32 duration_nsec;   /* Time flow has been alive in nanoseconds
                                 beyond duration_sec. */
    ovs_be16 priority;        /* Priority of the entry. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;    /* Number of seconds idle before expiration. */
    ovs_be16 hard_timeout;    /* Number of seconds before expiration. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Length of nx_match. */
    ovs_be16 idle_age;        /* Seconds since last packet, plus one. */
    ovs_be16 hard_age;        /* Seconds since last modification, plus one. */
    ovs_be64 cookie;          /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    ovs_be64 packet_count;    /* Number of packets, UINT64_MAX if unknown. */
    ovs_be64 byte_count;      /* Number of bytes, UINT64_MAX if unknown. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, then
     *   - Actions to fill out the remainder 'length' bytes (always a multiple
     *     of 8).
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_stats) == 48);

/* Nicira vendor stats request of type NXST_AGGREGATE (analogous to
 * OFPST_AGGREGATE request).
 *
 * The reply format is identical to the reply format for OFPST_AGGREGATE,
 * except for the header. */
struct nx_aggregate_stats_request {
    ovs_be16 out_port;        /* Require matching entries to include this
                                 as an output port.  A value of OFPP_NONE
                                 indicates no restriction. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;       /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t table_id;         /* ID of table to read (from ofp_table_stats)
                                 or 0xff for all tables. */
    uint8_t pad[3];           /* Align to 64 bits. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, which must also exactly fill out the length of the
     *     message.
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_aggregate_stats_request) == 8);

struct nx_ipfix_stats_reply {
    ovs_be64 total_flows;
    ovs_be64 current_flows;
    ovs_be64 pkts;
    ovs_be64 ipv4_pkts;
    ovs_be64 ipv6_pkts;
    ovs_be64 error_pkts;
    ovs_be64 ipv4_error_pkts;
    ovs_be64 ipv6_error_pkts;
    ovs_be64 tx_pkts;
    ovs_be64 tx_errors;
    ovs_be32 collector_set_id; /* Range 0 to 4,294,967,295. */
    uint8_t pad[4];            /* Pad to a multiple of 8 bytes. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_ipfix_stats_reply) == 88);


/* NXT_SET_CONTROLLER_ID.
 *
 * Each OpenFlow controller connection has a 16-bit identifier that is
 * initially 0.  This message changes the connection's ID to 'id'.
 *
 * Controller connection IDs need not be unique.
 *
 * The NXAST_CONTROLLER action is the only current user of controller
 * connection IDs. */
struct nx_controller_id {
    uint8_t zero[6];            /* Must be zero. */
    ovs_be16 controller_id;     /* New controller connection ID. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_controller_id) == 8);

/* Flow Table Monitoring
 * =====================
 *
 * NXST_FLOW_MONITOR allows a controller to keep track of changes to OpenFlow
 * flow table(s) or subsets of them, with the following workflow:
 *
 * 1. The controller sends an NXST_FLOW_MONITOR request to begin monitoring
 *    flows.  The 'id' in the request must be unique among all monitors that
 *    the controller has started and not yet canceled on this OpenFlow
 *    connection.
 *
 * 2. The switch responds with an NXST_FLOW_MONITOR reply.  If the request's
 *    'flags' included NXFMF_INITIAL, the reply includes all the flows that
 *    matched the request at the time of the request (with event NXFME_ADDED).
 *    If 'flags' did not include NXFMF_INITIAL, the reply is empty.
 *
 *    The reply uses the xid of the request (as do all replies to OpenFlow
 *    requests).
 *
 * 3. Whenever a change to a flow table entry matches some outstanding monitor
 *    request's criteria and flags, the switch sends a notification to the
 *    controller as an additional NXST_FLOW_MONITOR reply with xid 0.
 *
 *    When multiple outstanding monitors match a single change, only a single
 *    notification is sent.  This merged notification includes the information
 *    requested in any of the individual monitors.  That is, if any of the
 *    matching monitors requests actions (NXFMF_ACTIONS), the notification
 *    includes actions, and if any of the monitors request full changes for the
 *    controller's own changes (NXFMF_OWN), the controller's own changes will
 *    be included in full.
 *
 * 4. The controller may cancel a monitor with NXT_FLOW_MONITOR_CANCEL.  No
 *    further notifications will be sent on the basis of the canceled monitor
 *    afterward.
 *
 *
 * Buffer Management
 * =================
 *
 * OpenFlow messages for flow monitor notifications can overflow the buffer
 * space available to the switch, either temporarily (e.g. due to network
 * conditions slowing OpenFlow traffic) or more permanently (e.g. the sustained
 * rate of flow table change exceeds the network bandwidth between switch and
 * controller).
 *
 * When Open vSwitch's notification buffer space reaches a limiting threshold,
 * OVS reacts as follows:
 *
 * 1. OVS sends an NXT_FLOW_MONITOR_PAUSED message to the controller, following
 *    all the already queued notifications.  After it receives this message,
 *    the controller knows that its view of the flow table, as represented by
 *    flow monitor notifications, is incomplete.
 *
 * 2. As long as the notification buffer is not empty:
 *
 *        - NXMFE_ADD and NXFME_MODIFIED notifications will not be sent.
 *
 *        - NXFME_DELETED notifications will still be sent, but only for flows
 *          that existed before OVS sent NXT_FLOW_MONITOR_PAUSED.
 *
 *        - NXFME_ABBREV notifications will not be sent.  They are treated as
 *          the expanded version (and therefore only the NXFME_DELETED
 *          components, if any, are sent).
 *
 * 3. When the notification buffer empties, OVS sends NXFME_ADD notifications
 *    for flows added since the buffer reached its limit and NXFME_MODIFIED
 *    notifications for flows that existed before the limit was reached and
 *    changed after the limit was reached.
 *
 * 4. OVS sends an NXT_FLOW_MONITOR_RESUMED message to the controller.  After
 *    it receives this message, the controller knows that its view of the flow
 *    table, as represented by flow monitor notifications, is again complete.
 *
 * This allows the maximum buffer space requirement for notifications to be
 * bounded by the limit plus the maximum number of supported flows.
 *
 *
 * "Flow Removed" messages
 * =======================
 *
 * The flow monitor mechanism is independent of OFPT_FLOW_REMOVED and
 * NXT_FLOW_REMOVED.  Flow monitor updates for deletion are sent if
 * NXFMF_DELETE is set on a monitor, regardless of whether the
 * OFPFF_SEND_FLOW_REM flag was set when the flow was added. */

/* NXST_FLOW_MONITOR request.
 *
 * The NXST_FLOW_MONITOR request's body consists of an array of zero or more
 * instances of this structure.  The request arranges to monitor the flows
 * that match the specified criteria, which are interpreted in the same way as
 * for NXST_FLOW.
 *
 * 'id' identifies a particular monitor for the purpose of allowing it to be
 * canceled later with NXT_FLOW_MONITOR_CANCEL.  'id' must be unique among
 * existing monitors that have not already been canceled.
 *
 * The reply includes the initial flow matches for monitors that have the
 * NXFMF_INITIAL flag set.  No single flow will be included in the reply more
 * than once, even if more than one requested monitor matches that flow.  The
 * reply will be empty if none of the monitors has NXFMF_INITIAL set or if none
 * of the monitors initially matches any flows.
 *
 * For NXFMF_ADD, an event will be reported if 'out_port' matches against the
 * actions of the flow being added or, for a flow that is replacing an existing
 * flow, if 'out_port' matches against the actions of the flow being replaced.
 * For NXFMF_DELETE, 'out_port' matches against the actions of a flow being
 * deleted.  For NXFMF_MODIFY, an event will be reported if 'out_port' matches
 * either the old or the new actions. */
struct nx_flow_monitor_request {
    ovs_be32 id;                /* Controller-assigned ID for this monitor. */
    ovs_be16 flags;             /* NXFMF_*. */
    ovs_be16 out_port;          /* Required output port, if not OFPP_NONE. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;         /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t table_id;           /* One table's ID or 0xff for all tables. */
    uint8_t zeros[5];           /* Align to 64 bits (must be zero). */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_monitor_request) == 16);

/* 'flags' bits in struct nx_flow_monitor_request. */
enum nx_flow_monitor_flags {
    /* When to send updates. */
    NXFMF_INITIAL = 1 << 0,     /* Initially matching flows. */
    NXFMF_ADD = 1 << 1,         /* New matching flows as they are added. */
    NXFMF_DELETE = 1 << 2,      /* Old matching flows as they are removed. */
    NXFMF_MODIFY = 1 << 3,      /* Matching flows as they are changed. */

    /* What to include in updates. */
    NXFMF_ACTIONS = 1 << 4,     /* If set, actions are included. */
    NXFMF_OWN = 1 << 5,         /* If set, include own changes in full. */
};

/* NXST_FLOW_MONITOR reply header.
 *
 * The body of an NXST_FLOW_MONITOR reply is an array of variable-length
 * structures, each of which begins with this header.  The 'length' member may
 * be used to traverse the array, and the 'event' member may be used to
 * determine the particular structure.
 *
 * Every instance is a multiple of 8 bytes long. */
struct nx_flow_update_header {
    ovs_be16 length;            /* Length of this entry. */
    ovs_be16 event;             /* One of NXFME_*. */
    /* ...other data depending on 'event'... */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_update_header) == 4);

/* 'event' values in struct nx_flow_update_header. */
enum nx_flow_update_event {
    /* struct nx_flow_update_full. */
    NXFME_ADDED = 0,            /* Flow was added. */
    NXFME_DELETED = 1,          /* Flow was deleted. */
    NXFME_MODIFIED = 2,         /* Flow (generally its actions) was changed. */

    /* struct nx_flow_update_abbrev. */
    NXFME_ABBREV = 3,           /* Abbreviated reply. */
};

/* NXST_FLOW_MONITOR reply for NXFME_ADDED, NXFME_DELETED, and
 * NXFME_MODIFIED. */
struct nx_flow_update_full {
    ovs_be16 length;            /* Length is 24. */
    ovs_be16 event;             /* One of NXFME_*. */
    ovs_be16 reason;            /* OFPRR_* for NXFME_DELETED, else zero. */
    ovs_be16 priority;          /* Priority of the entry. */
    ovs_be16 idle_timeout;      /* Number of seconds idle before expiration. */
    ovs_be16 hard_timeout;      /* Number of seconds before expiration. */
    ovs_be16 match_len;         /* Length of nx_match. */
    uint8_t table_id;           /* ID of flow's table. */
    uint8_t pad;                /* Reserved, currently zeroed. */
    ovs_be64 cookie;            /* Opaque controller-issued identifier. */
    /* Followed by:
     *   - Exactly match_len (possibly 0) bytes containing the nx_match, then
     *   - Exactly (match_len + 7)/8*8 - match_len (between 0 and 7) bytes of
     *     all-zero bytes, then
     *   - Actions to fill out the remainder 'length' bytes (always a multiple
     *     of 8).  If NXFMF_ACTIONS was not specified, or 'event' is
     *     NXFME_DELETED, no actions are included.
     */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_update_full) == 24);

/* NXST_FLOW_MONITOR reply for NXFME_ABBREV.
 *
 * When the controller does not specify NXFMF_OWN in a monitor request, any
 * flow tables changes due to the controller's own requests (on the same
 * OpenFlow channel) will be abbreviated, when possible, to this form, which
 * simply specifies the 'xid' of the OpenFlow request (e.g. an OFPT_FLOW_MOD or
 * NXT_FLOW_MOD) that caused the change.
 *
 * Some changes cannot be abbreviated and will be sent in full:
 *
 *   - Changes that only partially succeed.  This can happen if, for example,
 *     a flow_mod with type OFPFC_MODIFY affects multiple flows, but only some
 *     of those modifications succeed (e.g. due to hardware limitations).
 *
 *     This cannot occur with the Open vSwitch software datapath.  This also
 *     cannot occur in Open vSwitch 2.4 and later, because these versions only
 *     execute any flow modifications if all of them will succeed.
 *
 *   - Changes that race with conflicting changes made by other controllers or
 *     other flow_mods (not separated by barriers) by the same controller.
 *
 *     This cannot occur with the current Open vSwitch implementation
 *     (regardless of datapath) because Open vSwitch internally serializes
 *     potentially conflicting changes.
 *
 *   - Changes that occur when flow notification is paused (see "Buffer
 *     Management" above).
 *
 * A flow_mod that does not change the flow table will not trigger any
 * notification, even an abbreviated one.  For example, a "modify" or "delete"
 * flow_mod that does not match any flows will not trigger a notification.
 * Whether an "add" or "modify" that specifies all the same parameters that a
 * flow already has triggers a notification is unspecified and subject to
 * change in future versions of Open vSwitch.
 *
 * OVS will always send the notifications for a given flow table change before
 * the reply to a OFPT_BARRIER_REQUEST request that follows the flow table
 * change.  Thus, if the controller does not receive an abbreviated (or
 * unabbreviated) notification for a flow_mod before the next
 * OFPT_BARRIER_REPLY, it will never receive one. */
struct nx_flow_update_abbrev {
    ovs_be16 length;            /* Length is 8. */
    ovs_be16 event;             /* NXFME_ABBREV. */
    ovs_be32 xid;               /* Controller-specified xid from flow_mod. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_update_abbrev) == 8);

/* NXT_FLOW_MONITOR_CANCEL.
 *
 * Used by a controller to cancel an outstanding monitor. */
struct nx_flow_monitor_cancel {
    ovs_be32 id;                /* 'id' from nx_flow_monitor_request. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_flow_monitor_cancel) == 4);

/* Variable-length option TLV table maintenance commands.
 *
 * The option in Type-Length-Value format is widely used in tunnel options,
 * e.g., the base Geneve header is followed by zero or more options in TLV
 * format. Each option consists of a four byte option header and a variable
 * amount of option data interpreted according to the type. The generic TLV
 * format in tunnel options is as following:
 *
 * 0                   1                   2                   3
 * 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 * |          Option Class         |      Type     |R|R|R| Length  |
 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 * |                      Variable Option Data                     |
 * +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
 *
 * In order to work with this variable-length options in TLV format in
 * tunnel options, we need to maintain a mapping table between an option
 * TLV (defined by <class, type, length>) and an NXM field that can be
 * operated on for the purposes of matches, actions, etc. This mapping
 * must be explicitly specified by the user.
 *
 * There are two primary groups of OpenFlow messages that are introduced
 * as Nicira extensions: modification commands (add, delete, clear mappings)
 * and table status request/reply to dump the current table along with switch
 * information.
 *
 * Note that mappings should not be changed while they are in active use by
 * a flow. The result of doing so is undefined. */

/* TLV table commands */
enum nx_tlv_table_mod_command {
    NXTTMC_ADD,          /* New mappings (fails if an option is already
                            mapped). */
    NXTTMC_DELETE,       /* Delete mappings, identified by index
                          * (unmapped options are ignored). */
    NXTTMC_CLEAR,        /* Clear all mappings. Additional information
                            in this command is ignored. */
};

/* Map between an option TLV and an NXM field. */
struct nx_tlv_map {
    ovs_be16 option_class; /* TLV class. */
    uint8_t  option_type;  /* TLV type. */
    uint8_t  option_len;   /* TLV length (multiple of 4). */
    ovs_be16 index;        /* NXM_NX_TUN_METADATA<n> index */
    uint8_t  pad[2];
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_tlv_map) == 8);

/* NXT_TLV_TABLE_MOD.
 *
 * Use to configure a mapping between option TLVs (class, type, length)
 * and NXM fields (NXM_NX_TUN_METADATA<n> where 'index' is <n>).
 *
 * This command is atomic: all operations on different options will
 * either succeed or fail. */
struct nx_tlv_table_mod {
    ovs_be16 command;           /* One of NTTTMC_* */
    uint8_t pad[6];
    /* struct nx_tlv_map[0]; Array of maps between indicies and option
                                TLVs. The number of elements is inferred
                                from the length field in the header. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_tlv_table_mod) == 8);

/* NXT_TLV_TABLE_REPLY.
 *
 * Issued in reponse to an NXT_TLV_TABLE_REQUEST to give information
 * about the current status of the TLV table in the switch. Provides
 * both static information about the switch's capabilities as well as
 * the configured TLV table. */
struct nx_tlv_table_reply {
    ovs_be32 max_option_space; /* Maximum total of option sizes supported. */
    ovs_be16 max_fields;       /* Maximum number of match fields supported. */
    uint8_t reserved[10];
    /* struct nx_tlv_map[0]; Array of maps between indicies and option
                                TLVs. The number of elements is inferred
                                from the length field in the header. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_tlv_table_reply) == 16);

/* NXT_CT_FLUSH_ZONE.
 *
 * Flushes the connection tracking table. */
struct nx_zone_id {
    uint8_t zero[6];            /* Must be zero. */
    ovs_be16 zone_id;           /* Connection tracking zone. */
};
OFP_ASSERT(sizeof(struct nx_zone_id) == 8);

#endif /* openflow/nicira-ext.h */
