libvirt: Python API bindings
Description: libvirt, virtualization, virtualization API

# Python API bindings

The Python binding should be complete and are mostly automatically generated from the formal description of the API in xml. The bindings are articulated around 2 classes `virConnect` and virDomain mapping to the C types. Functions in the C API taking either type as argument then becomes methods for the classes, their name is just stripped from the virConnect or virDomain(Get) prefix and the first letter gets converted to lower case, for example the C functions:

`int virConnectNumOfDomains (virConnectPtr conn);`

`int virDomainSetMaxMemory (virDomainPtr domain, unsigned long memory);`

become

`virConnect::numOfDomains(self)`

`virDomain::setMaxMemory(self, memory)`

This process is fully automated, you can get a summary of the conversion in the file libvirtclass.txt present in the python dir or in the docs.There is a couple of function who don't map directly to their C counterparts due to specificities in their argument conversions:

- `virConnectListDomains` is replaced by `virDomain::listDomainsID(self)` which returns a list of the integer ID for the currently running domains
- `virDomainGetInfo` is replaced by `virDomain::info()` which returns a list of
  1. state: one of the state values (virDomainState)
  2. maxMemory: the maximum memory used by the domain
  3. memory: the current amount of memory used by the domain
  4. nbVirtCPU: the number of virtual CPU
  5. cpuTime: the time used by the domain in nanoseconds

So let's look at a simple example inspired from the `basic.py` test found in `python/tests/` in the source tree:

    import libvirt
    import sys

    conn = libvirt.openReadOnly(None)
    if conn == None:
        print 'Failed to open connection to the hypervisor'
        sys.exit(1)

    try:
        dom0 = conn.lookupByName("Domain-0")
    except:
        print 'Failed to find the main domain'
        sys.exit(1)

    print "Domain 0: id %d running %s" % (dom0.ID(), dom0.OSType())
    print dom0.info()

There is not much to comment about it, it really is a straight mapping from the C API, the only points to notice are:

- the import of the module called `libvirt`
- getting a connection to the hypervisor, in that case using the openReadOnly function allows the code to execute as a normal user.
- getting an object representing the Domain 0 using lookupByName
- if the domain is not found a libvirtError exception will be raised
- extracting and printing some information about the domain using various methods associated to the virDomain class.