/*

Copyright (c) 2008-2018, Arvid Norberg
All rights reserved.

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modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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    * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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      from this software without specific prior written permission.

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*/

#ifndef TORRENT_CREATE_TORRENT_HPP_INCLUDED
#define TORRENT_CREATE_TORRENT_HPP_INCLUDED

#include "libtorrent/bencode.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/file_storage.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/config.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/storage.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/hasher.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/string_view.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/aux_/vector.hpp"
#include "libtorrent/aux_/path.hpp" // for combine_path etc.

#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

// OVERVIEW
//
// This section describes the functions and classes that are used
// to create torrent files. It is a layered API with low level classes
// and higher level convenience functions. A torrent is created in 4
// steps:
//
// 1. first the files that will be part of the torrent are determined.
// 2. the torrent properties are set, such as tracker url, web seeds,
//    DHT nodes etc.
// 3. Read through all the files in the torrent, SHA-1 all the data
//    and set the piece hashes.
// 4. The torrent is bencoded into a file or buffer.
//
// If there are a lot of files and or deep directory hierarchies to
// traverse, step one can be time consuming.
//
// Typically step 3 is by far the most time consuming step, since it
// requires to read all the bytes from all the files in the torrent.
//
// All of these classes and functions are declared by including
// ``libtorrent/create_torrent.hpp``.
//
// example:
//
// .. code:: c++
//
//	file_storage fs;
//
//	// recursively adds files in directories
//	add_files(fs, "./my_torrent");
//
//	create_torrent t(fs);
//	t.add_tracker("http://my.tracker.com/announce");
//	t.set_creator("libtorrent example");
//
//	// reads the files and calculates the hashes
//	set_piece_hashes(t, ".");
//
//	ofstream out("my_torrent.torrent", std::ios_base::binary);
//	bencode(std::ostream_iterator<char>(out), t.generate());
//
namespace libtorrent {

	class torrent_info;

	// hidden
	using create_flags_t = flags::bitfield_flag<std::uint32_t, struct create_flags_tag>;

	// This class holds state for creating a torrent. After having added
	// all information to it, call create_torrent::generate() to generate
	// the torrent. The entry that's returned can then be bencoded into a
	// .torrent file using bencode().
	struct TORRENT_EXPORT create_torrent
	{
		// This will insert pad files to align the files to piece boundaries, for
		// optimized disk-I/O. This will minimize the number of bytes of pad-
		// files, to keep the impact down for clients that don't support
		// them.
		static constexpr create_flags_t optimize_alignment = 0_bit;
#if TORRENT_ABI_VERSION == 1
		// same as optimize_alignment, for backwards compatibility
		static constexpr create_flags_t TORRENT_DEPRECATED_MEMBER optimize = 0_bit;
#endif

		// This will create a merkle hash tree torrent. A merkle torrent cannot
		// be opened in clients that don't specifically support merkle torrents.
		// The benefit is that the resulting torrent file will be much smaller and
		// not grow with more pieces. When this option is specified, it is
		// recommended to have a fairly small piece size, say 64 kiB.
		// When creating merkle torrents, the full hash tree is also generated
		// and should be saved off separately. It is accessed through the
		// create_torrent::merkle_tree() function.
		static constexpr create_flags_t merkle = 1_bit;

		// This will include the file modification time as part of the torrent.
		// This is not enabled by default, as it might cause problems when you
		// create a torrent from separate files with the same content, hoping to
		// yield the same info-hash. If the files have different modification times,
		// with this option enabled, you would get different info-hashes for the
		// files.
		static constexpr create_flags_t modification_time = 2_bit;

		// If this flag is set, files that are symlinks get a symlink attribute
		// set on them and their data will not be included in the torrent. This
		// is useful if you need to reconstruct a file hierarchy which contains
		// symlinks.
		static constexpr create_flags_t symlinks = 3_bit;

		// to create a torrent that can be updated via a *mutable torrent*
		// (see `BEP 38`_). This also needs to be enabled for torrents that update
		// another torrent.
		//
		// .. _`BEP 38`: http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0038.html
		static constexpr create_flags_t mutable_torrent_support = 4_bit;

		// The ``piece_size`` is the size of each piece in bytes. It must
		// be a multiple of 16 kiB. If a piece size of 0 is specified, a
		// piece_size will be calculated such that the torrent file is roughly 40 kB.
		//
		// If a ``pad_file_limit`` is specified (other than -1), any file larger than
		// the specified number of bytes will be preceded by a pad file to align it
		// with the start of a piece. The pad_file_limit is ignored unless the
		// ``optimize_alignment`` flag is passed. Typically it doesn't make sense
		// to set this any lower than 4 kiB.
		//
		// The overload that takes a ``torrent_info`` object will make a verbatim
		// copy of its info dictionary (to preserve the info-hash). The copy of
		// the info dictionary will be used by create_torrent::generate(). This means
		// that none of the member functions of create_torrent that affects
		// the content of the info dictionary (such as ``set_hash()``), will
		// have any affect.
		//
		// The ``flags`` arguments specifies options for the torrent creation. It can
		// be any combination of the flags defined by create_torrent::flags_t.
		//
		// ``alignment`` is used when pad files are enabled. This is the size
		// eligible files are aligned to. The default is -1, which means the
		// piece size of the torrent.
		explicit create_torrent(file_storage& fs, int piece_size = 0
			, int pad_file_limit = -1, create_flags_t flags = optimize_alignment
			, int alignment = -1);
		explicit create_torrent(torrent_info const& ti);

		// internal
		~create_torrent();

		// This function will generate the .torrent file as a bencode tree. In order to
		// generate the flat file, use the bencode() function.
		//
		// It may be useful to add custom entries to the torrent file before bencoding it
		// and saving it to disk.
		//
		// If anything goes wrong during torrent generation, this function will return
		// an empty ``entry`` structure. You can test for this condition by querying the
		// type of the entry:
		//
		// .. code:: c++
		//
		//	file_storage fs;
		//	// add file ...
		//	create_torrent t(fs);
		//	// add trackers and piece hashes ...
		//	e = t.generate();
		//
		//	if (e.type() == entry::undefined_t)
		//	{
		//		// something went wrong
		//	}
		//
		// For instance, you cannot generate a torrent with 0 files in it. If you don't add
		// any files to the ``file_storage``, torrent generation will fail.
		entry generate() const;

		// returns an immutable reference to the file_storage used to create
		// the torrent from.
		file_storage const& files() const { return m_files; }

		// Sets the comment for the torrent. The string ``str`` should be utf-8 encoded.
		// The comment in a torrent file is optional.
		void set_comment(char const* str);

		// Sets the creator of the torrent. The string ``str`` should be utf-8 encoded.
		// This is optional.
		void set_creator(char const* str);

		// This sets the SHA-1 hash for the specified piece (``index``). You are required
		// to set the hash for every piece in the torrent before generating it. If you have
		// the files on disk, you can use the high level convenience function to do this.
		// See set_piece_hashes().
		void set_hash(piece_index_t index, sha1_hash const& h);

		// This sets the sha1 hash for this file. This hash will end up under the key ``sha1``
		// associated with this file (for multi-file torrents) or in the root info dictionary
		// for single-file torrents.
		void set_file_hash(file_index_t index, sha1_hash const& h);

		// This adds a url seed to the torrent. You can have any number of url seeds. For a
		// single file torrent, this should be an HTTP url, pointing to a file with identical
		// content as the file of the torrent. For a multi-file torrent, it should point to
		// a directory containing a directory with the same name as this torrent, and all the
		// files of the torrent in it.
		//
		// The second function, ``add_http_seed()`` adds an HTTP seed instead.
		void add_url_seed(string_view url);
		void add_http_seed(string_view url);

		// This adds a DHT node to the torrent. This especially useful if you're creating a
		// tracker less torrent. It can be used by clients to bootstrap their DHT node from.
		// The node is a hostname and a port number where there is a DHT node running.
		// You can have any number of DHT nodes in a torrent.
		void add_node(std::pair<std::string, int> node);

		// Adds a tracker to the torrent. This is not strictly required, but most torrents
		// use a tracker as their main source of peers. The url should be an http:// or udp://
		// url to a machine running a bittorrent tracker that accepts announces for this torrent's
		// info-hash. The tier is the fallback priority of the tracker. All trackers with tier 0 are
		// tried first (in any order). If all fail, trackers with tier 1 are tried. If all of those
		// fail, trackers with tier 2 are tried, and so on.
		void add_tracker(string_view url, int tier = 0);

		// This function sets an X.509 certificate in PEM format to the torrent. This makes the
		// torrent an *SSL torrent*. An SSL torrent requires that each peer has a valid certificate
		// signed by this root certificate. For SSL torrents, all peers are connecting over SSL
		// connections. For more information, see the section on ssl-torrents_.
		//
		// The string is not the path to the cert, it's the actual content of the
		// certificate.
		void set_root_cert(string_view pem);

		// Sets and queries the private flag of the torrent.
		// Torrents with the private flag set ask the client to not use any other
		// sources than the tracker for peers, and to not use DHT to advertise itself publicly,
		// only the tracker.
		void set_priv(bool p) { m_private = p; }
		bool priv() const { return m_private; }

		// returns the number of pieces in the associated file_storage object.
		int num_pieces() const { return m_files.num_pieces(); }

		// ``piece_length()`` returns the piece size of all pieces but the
		// last one. ``piece_size()`` returns the size of the specified piece.
		// these functions are just forwarding to the associated file_storage.
		int piece_length() const { return m_files.piece_length(); }
		int piece_size(piece_index_t i) const { return m_files.piece_size(i); }

		// This function returns the merkle hash tree, if the torrent was created as a merkle
		// torrent. The tree is created by ``generate()`` and won't be valid until that function
		// has been called. When creating a merkle tree torrent, the actual tree itself has to
		// be saved off separately and fed into libtorrent the first time you start seeding it,
		// through the ``torrent_info::set_merkle_tree()`` function. From that point onwards, the
		// tree will be saved in the resume data.
		std::vector<sha1_hash> const& merkle_tree() const { return m_merkle_tree; }

		// Add similar torrents (by info-hash) or collections of similar torrents.
		// Similar torrents are expected to share some files with this torrent.
		// Torrents sharing a collection name with this torrent are also expected
		// to share files with this torrent. A torrent may have more than one
		// collection and more than one similar torrents. For more information,
		// see `BEP 38`_.
		//
		// .. _`BEP 38`: http://www.bittorrent.org/beps/bep_0038.html
		void add_similar_torrent(sha1_hash ih);
		void add_collection(string_view c);

	private:

		file_storage& m_files;
		// if m_info_dict is initialized, it is
		// used instead of m_files to generate
		// the info dictionary
		entry m_info_dict;

		// the URLs to the trackers
		std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> m_urls;

		std::vector<std::string> m_url_seeds;
		std::vector<std::string> m_http_seeds;

		aux::vector<sha1_hash, piece_index_t> m_piece_hash;

		aux::vector<sha1_hash, file_index_t> m_filehashes;

		std::vector<sha1_hash> m_similar;
		std::vector<std::string> m_collections;

		// if we're generating a merkle torrent, this is the
		// merkle tree we got. This should be saved in fast-resume
		// in order to start seeding the torrent
		mutable aux::vector<sha1_hash> m_merkle_tree;

		// dht nodes to add to the routing table/bootstrap from
		std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> m_nodes;

		// if a creation date is found in the torrent file
		// this will be set to that, otherwise it'll be
		// 1970, Jan 1
		time_t m_creation_date;

		// if a comment is found in the torrent file
		// this will be set to that comment
		std::string m_comment;

		// an optional string naming the software used
		// to create the torrent file
		std::string m_created_by;

		// this is the root cert for SSL torrents
		std::string m_root_cert;

		// this is used when creating a torrent. If there's
		// only one file there are cases where it's impossible
		// to know if it should be written as a multi-file torrent
		// or not. e.g. test/test  there's one file and one directory
		// and they have the same name.
		bool m_multifile:1;

		// this is true if the torrent is private. i.e., the client should not
		// advertise itself on the DHT for this torrent
		bool m_private:1;

		// if set to one, a merkle torrent will be generated
		bool m_merkle_torrent:1;

		// if set, include the 'mtime' modification time in the
		// torrent file
		bool m_include_mtime:1;

		// if set, symbolic links are declared as such in
		// the torrent file. The full data of the pointed-to
		// file is still included
		bool m_include_symlinks:1;
	};

namespace detail {
	inline void nop(piece_index_t) {}
}

	// Adds the file specified by ``path`` to the file_storage object. In case ``path``
	// refers to a directory, files will be added recursively from the directory.
	//
	// If specified, the predicate ``p`` is called once for every file and directory that
	// is encountered. Files for which ``p`` returns true are added, and directories for
	// which ``p`` returns true are traversed. ``p`` must have the following signature::
	//
	// 	bool Pred(std::string const& p);
	//
	// The path that is passed in to the predicate is the full path of the file or
	// directory. If no predicate is specified, all files are added, and all directories
	// are traversed.
	//
	// The ".." directory is never traversed.
	//
	// The ``flags`` argument should be the same as the flags passed to the `create_torrent`_
	// constructor.
	TORRENT_EXPORT void add_files(file_storage& fs, std::string const& file
		, std::function<bool(std::string)> p, create_flags_t flags = {});
	TORRENT_EXPORT void add_files(file_storage& fs, std::string const& file
		, create_flags_t flags = {});

	// This function will assume that the files added to the torrent file exists at path
	// ``p``, read those files and hash the content and set the hashes in the ``create_torrent``
	// object. The optional function ``f`` is called in between every hash that is set. ``f``
	// must have the following signature::
	//
	// 	void Fun(piece_index_t);
	//
	// The overloads that don't take an ``error_code&`` may throw an exception in case of a
	// file error, the other overloads sets the error code to reflect the error, if any.
	TORRENT_EXPORT void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::string const& p
		, std::function<void(piece_index_t)> const& f, error_code& ec);
	inline void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::string const& p, error_code& ec)
	{
		set_piece_hashes(t, p, detail::nop, ec);
	}
#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
	inline void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::string const& p)
	{
		error_code ec;
		set_piece_hashes(t, p, detail::nop, ec);
		if (ec) throw system_error(ec);
	}
	inline void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::string const& p
		, std::function<void(piece_index_t)> const& f)
	{
		error_code ec;
		set_piece_hashes(t, p, f, ec);
		if (ec) throw system_error(ec);
	}
#endif

	// all wstring APIs are deprecated since 0.16.11
	// instead, use the wchar -> utf8 conversion functions
	// and pass in utf8 strings
#if TORRENT_ABI_VERSION == 1

	TORRENT_DEPRECATED_EXPORT
	void add_files(file_storage& fs, std::wstring const& wfile
		, std::function<bool(std::string)> p, create_flags_t flags = {});

	TORRENT_DEPRECATED_EXPORT
	void add_files(file_storage& fs, std::wstring const& wfile
		, create_flags_t flags = {});

	TORRENT_DEPRECATED_EXPORT
	void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::wstring const& p
		, std::function<void(int)> f, error_code& ec);

	TORRENT_EXPORT void set_piece_hashes_deprecated(create_torrent& t
		, std::wstring const& p
		, std::function<void(int)> f, error_code& ec);

#ifndef BOOST_NO_EXCEPTIONS
	TORRENT_DEPRECATED
	inline void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::wstring const& p
		, std::function<void(int)> f)
	{
		error_code ec;
		set_piece_hashes_deprecated(t, p, f, ec);
		if (ec) throw system_error(ec);
	}

	TORRENT_DEPRECATED
	inline void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t, std::wstring const& p)
	{
		error_code ec;
		set_piece_hashes_deprecated(t, p, detail::nop, ec);
		if (ec) throw system_error(ec);
	}
#endif

	TORRENT_DEPRECATED
	inline void set_piece_hashes(create_torrent& t
		, std::wstring const& p, error_code& ec)
	{
		set_piece_hashes_deprecated(t, p, detail::nop, ec);
	}
#endif // TORRENT_ABI_VERSION

namespace aux {
	TORRENT_EXTRA_EXPORT file_flags_t get_file_attributes(std::string const& p);
	TORRENT_EXTRA_EXPORT std::string get_symlink_path(std::string const& p);
}

}

#endif
