Markup: Pango Reference Manual

## Markup Markup — Simple markup language for text with attributes |

## Functions

gboolean | pango_parse_markup ()
GMarkupParseContext * | pango_markup_parser_new ()
gboolean | pango_markup_parser_finish ()

## Description

Frequently, you want to display some text to the user with attributes applied to part of the text (for example, you might want bold or italicized words). With the base Pango interfaces, you could create a PangoAttrList and apply it to the text; the problem is that you'd need to apply attributes to some numeric range of characters, for example "characters 12-17." This is broken from an internationalization standpoint; once the text is translated, the word you wanted to italicize could be in a different position.

The solution is to include the text attributes in the string to be translated. Pango provides this feature with a small markup language. You can parse a marked-up string into the string text plus a PangoAttrList using either of `pango_parse_markup()` or `pango_markup_parser_new()`.

A simple example of a marked-up string might be:

    1
    <span foreground="blue" size="x-large">Blue text</span> is <i>cool</i>!

Pango uses GMarkup to parse this language, which means that XML features such as numeric character entities such as &169; for © can be used too.

The root tag of a marked-up document is <markup>, but `pango_parse_markup()`allows you to omit this tag, so you will most likely never need to use it. The most general markup tag is <span>, then there are some convenience tags.

<span> has the following attributes:

font_desc : A font description string, such as "Sans Italic 12". See `pango_font_description_from_string()` for a description of the format of the string representation . Note that any other span attributes will override this description. So if you have "Sans Italic" and also a style="normal" attribute, you will get Sans normal, not italic.

font_family : A font family name

font_size, size : Font size in 1024ths of a point, or one of the absolute sizes 'xx-small', 'x-small', 'small', 'medium', 'large', 'x-large', 'xx-large', or one of the relative sizes 'smaller' or 'larger'. If you want to specify a absolute size, it's usually easier to take advantage of the ability to specify a partial font description using 'font'; you can use |font='12.5'| rather than |size='12800'|.

font_style : One of 'normal', 'oblique', 'italic'

font_weight : One of 'ultralight', 'light', 'normal', 'bold', 'ultrabold', 'heavy', or a numeric weight

font_variant : One of 'normal' or 'smallcaps'

font_stretch, stretch : One of 'ultracondensed', 'extracondensed', 'condensed', 'semicondensed', 'normal', 'semiexpanded', 'expanded', 'extraexpanded', 'ultraexpanded'

font_features : A comma separated list of OpenType font feature settings, in the same syntax as accepted by CSS. E.g: |font_features='dlig=1, -kern, afrc on'|

foreground, fgcolor : An RGB color specification such as '00FF00' or a color name such as 'red'. Since 1.38, an RGBA color specification such as '00FF007F' will be interpreted as specifying both a foreground color and foreground alpha.

background, bgcolor : An RGB color specification such as '00FF00' or a color name such as'red'. Since 1.38, an RGBA color specification such as '00FF007F' will be interpreted as specifying both a background color and background alpha.

alpha, fgalpha : An alpha value for the foreground color, either a plain integer between 1 and 65536 or a percentage value like '50%'.

background_alpha, bgalpha : An alpha value for the background color, either a plain integer between 1 and 65536 or a percentage value like '50%'.

underline : One of 'none', 'single', 'double', 'low', 'error'

underline_color : The color of underlines; an RGB color specification such as '00FF00' or a color name such as 'red'

rise : Vertical displacement, in Pango units. Can be negative for subscript, positive for superscript.

strikethrough : 'true' or 'false' whether to strike through the text

strikethrough_color : The color of strikethrough lines; an RGB color specification such as '00FF00' or a color name such as 'red'

fallback : 'true' or 'false' whether to enable fallback. If disabled, then characters will only be used from the closest matching font on the system. No fallback will be done to other fonts on the system that might contain the characters in the text. Fallback is enabled by default. Most applications should not disable fallback.

allow_breaks : 'true' or 'false' whether to allow line breaks or not. If not allowed, the range will be kept in a single run as far as possible. Breaks are allowed by default.

insert_hyphens : 'true' or 'false' whether to insert hyphens when breaking lines in the middle of a word. Hyphens are inserted by default.

show : A value determining how invisible characters are treated. Possible values are 'spaces', 'line-breaks', 'ignorables' or combinations, such as 'spaces|line-breaks'.

lang : A language code, indicating the text language

letter_spacing : Inter-letter spacing in 1024ths of a point.

gravity : One of 'south', 'east', 'north', 'west', 'auto'.

gravity_hint : One of 'natural', 'strong', 'line'.

The following convenience tags are provided:

<b> : Bold

<big> : Makes font relatively larger, equivalent to <span size="larger">

<i> : Italic

<s> : Strikethrough

<sub> : Subscript

<sup> : Superscript

<small> : Makes font relatively smaller, equivalent to <span size="smaller">

<tt> : Monospace

<u> : Underline

## Functions

### pango_parse_markup ()

    gboolean
    pango_parse_markup (const char *markup_text,
                        int length,
                        gunichar accel_marker,
                        PangoAttrList **attr_list,
                        char **text,
                        gunichar *accel_char,
                        GError **error);

Parses marked-up text (see

markup format) to create

a plain-text string and an attribute list.

If `accel_marker` is nonzero, the given character will mark the character following it as an accelerator. For example, `accel_marker` might be an ampersand or underscore. All characters marked as an accelerator will receive a `PANGO_UNDERLINE_LOW` attribute, and the first character so marked will be returned in `accel_char` . Two `accel_marker` characters following each other produce a single literal `accel_marker` character.

To parse a stream of pango markup incrementally, use `pango_markup_parser_new()`.

If any error happens, none of the output arguments are touched except for `error` .

#### Parameters

markup_text | markup to parse (see markup format) |
length | length of `markup_text` , or -1 if nul-terminated |
accel_marker | character that precedes an accelerator, or 0 for none |
attr_list | address of return location for a PangoAttrList, or `NULL`. | [out][allow-none]
text | address of return location for text with tags stripped, or `NULL`. | [out][allow-none]
accel_char | address of return location for accelerator char, or `NULL`. | [out][allow-none]
error | address of return location for errors, or `NULL` |

#### Returns

`FALSE` if `error` is set, otherwise `TRUE`

### pango_markup_parser_new ()

    GMarkupParseContext *
    pango_markup_parser_new (gunichar accel_marker);

Parses marked-up text (see

markup format) to create

a plain-text string and an attribute list.

If `accel_marker` is nonzero, the given character will mark the character following it as an accelerator. For example, `accel_marker` might be an ampersand or underscore. All characters marked as an accelerator will receive a `PANGO_UNDERLINE_LOW` attribute, and the first character so marked will be returned in `accel_char` , when calling `finish()`. Two `accel_marker` characters following each other produce a single literal `accel_marker` character.

To feed markup to the parser, use `g_markup_parse_context_parse()` on the returned GMarkupParseContext. When done with feeding markup to the parser, use `pango_markup_parser_finish()` to get the data out of it, and then use `g_markup_parse_context_free()` to free it.

This function is designed for applications that read pango markup from streams. To simply parse a string containing pango markup, the simpler `pango_parse_markup()` API is recommended instead.

#### Parameters

accel_marker | character that precedes an accelerator, or 0 for none |

#### Returns

a GMarkupParseContext that should be destroyed with `g_markup_parse_context_free()`.

[transfer none]

Since: 1.31.0

### pango_markup_parser_finish ()

    gboolean
    pango_markup_parser_finish (GMarkupParseContext *context,
                                PangoAttrList **attr_list,
                                char **text,
                                gunichar *accel_char,
                                GError **error);

After feeding a pango markup parser some data with `g_markup_parse_context_parse()`, use this function to get the list of pango attributes and text out of the markup. This function will not free `context` , use `g_markup_parse_context_free()` to do so.

#### Parameters

context | A valid parse context that was returned from `pango_markup_parser_new()` |
attr_list | address of return location for a PangoAttrList, or `NULL`. | [out][allow-none]
text | address of return location for text with tags stripped, or `NULL`. | [out][allow-none]
accel_char | address of return location for accelerator char, or `NULL`. | [out][allow-none]
error | address of return location for errors, or `NULL` |

#### Returns

`FALSE` if `error` is set, otherwise `TRUE`

Since: 1.31.0