Installation guide (Català) - ArchWiki

# Installation guide (Català)

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Aquest document et guiarà en el procés d'instal·lació de Arch Linux des del sistema d'arranc de la imatge oficial. Abans de començar la instal·lació et recomanem que passis per la pàgina de preguntes freqüents FAQ.

La comunitat-mantenidora Arch wiki és un recurs excelent i hauria de ser consultat primerament. El canal IRC (irc://irc.freenode.net/#archlinux) juntament amb els forums estàn a disposició, si no pots trobar la resposta al teu problema enlloc més. Pensa també a consultar els manuals `man`. Pots consultar un manual sobre una comanda/paquet amb `man commanda`.

## Descàrrega

Descarrega la darrera ISO de Arch Linux des de Arch Linux download page.

- La imatge descarregada és un sistema arrencable des d'arquitectures i686 i x86_64 per a instal·lar Arch Linux per la xarxa. Ja no hi ha imatges ISO disponibles que contenguin el repositori [core], per tant es necessària una connexió a internet per a la instal·lació.
- Les imatges de instal·lació tenen signatura digital. Es recomanable verificar la imatge abans del seu ús. Això es pot fer descarregant l'arxiu .sig de la pàgina de descarrega (o des de un dels mirrors) i després comprovar la signatura PGP amb `pacman-key -v iso-file.sig` o les sumes md5 amb `md5sum iso-file.iso`.
- La imatge pot esser gravada a un CD, com a arxiu ISO, o també se pot escriure a un llapis USB. Aquest procediment es només per a noves instal·lacions, Arch Linux es un rolling release i el sistema sempre se pot actualitzar amb `pacman -Syu`.

## Instal·lació

Una vegada s'hagi arrencat la imatge de instal·lació, es requeriran els següents pasos per a inicialitzar el procés de instal·lació.

### Distribució del teclat

Hi ha disponibles mapes de teclats apropiats per a molts països, i una comanda com a `loadkeys es` pot ser suficient per a obtenir la seva distribució de teclat. Se poden trobar més mapes de teclat al directori `/usr/share/kbd/keymaps/` (amb la comanda loadkeys no és necessari indicar la ruta o la extensió de l'arxiu).

### Partició de disc

Vegi partitioning per a més informació; algunes particions especials poden ser necessàries, vegi EFI System Partition[broken link: invalid section] i GRUB BIOS boot partition. Si desitja crear qualsevol dispositiu de blocs apilats (stacked block devices) per a LVM, disk encryption o RAID, faci-ho ara.

### Format the partitions

See File Systems[broken link: invalid section] and optionally Swap for details.

If you are using (U)EFI you will most probably need another partition to host the UEFI System partition. Read Create an UEFI System Partition in Linux[broken link: invalid section].

### Mount the partitions

You must now mount the root partition on `/mnt`. After that, you should create directories for and mount any other partitions (`/mnt/boot`, `/mnt/home`, ...) and activate your swap partition if you want them to be detected by genfstab.

### Connect to the internet

A DHCP service is already enabled for all available devices. If you need to setup a static IP or use management tools such as Netctl, you should stop this service first: `systemctl stop dhcpcd.service`. For more information read configuring network.

#### Wireless

Run `wifi-menu` to set up your wireless network. For details, see Wireless Setup and Netctl.

### Install the base system

Before installing, you may want to edit `/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist` such that your preferred mirror is first. This copy of the mirrorlist will be installed on your new system by `pacstrap` as well, so it's worth getting it right.

Using the pacstrap script we install the base system.

    # pacstrap /mnt base

Other packages can be installed by appending their names to the above command (space seperated), including the boot loader if you want.

### Configure the system

- Generate an fstab with the following command (if you prefer to use UUIDs or labels, add the `-U` or `-L` option, respectively):

      # genfstab -p /mnt >> /mnt/etc/fstab

- chroot into our newly installed system:

      # arch-chroot /mnt

- Write your hostname to `/etc/hostname`.

- Symlink `/etc/localtime` to `/usr/share/zoneinfo/Zone/SubZone`. Replace `Zone` and `Subzone` to your liking. For example:

      # ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Europe/Athens /etc/localtime

- Uncomment the selected locale in `/etc/locale.gen` and generate it with `locale-gen`.
- Set locale preferences in `/etc/locale.conf`.
- Add console keymap and font[broken link: invalid section] preferences in `/etc/vconsole.conf`
- Configure `/etc/mkinitcpio.conf` as needed (see mkinitcpio) and create an initial RAM disk with:

      # mkinitcpio -p linux

- Set a root password with `passwd`.
- Configure the network again for newly installed environment. See Network configuration and Wireless Setup.

### Install and configure a boot loader

See Boot loaders for the available choices.

### Unmount and reboot

If you are still in the chroot environment type `exit` or press `Ctrl+D` in order to exit. Earlier we mounted the partitions under `/mnt`. In this step we will unmount them:

    # umount -R /mnt

Now reboot and then login into the new system with the root account.

## Post-installation

### User management

Add any user accounts you require besides root, as described in User management. It is not good practice to use the root account for regular use, or expose it via SSH on a server. The root account should only be used for administrative tasks.

### Package management

See pacman and FAQ#Package management for answers regarding installing, updating, and managing packages.

### Service management

Arch Linux uses systemd as init, which is a system and service manager for Linux. For maintaining your Arch Linux installation, it is a good idea to learn the basics about it. Interaction with systemd is done through the `systemctl` command. Read systemd#Basic systemctl usage for more information.

### Sound

ALSA usually works out-of-the-box. It just needs to be unmuted. Install alsa-utils (which contains `alsamixer`) and follow these instructions.

ALSA is included with the kernel and it is recommended. If it does not work, OSS is a viable alternative. If you have advanced audio requirements, take a look at Sound system for an overview of various articles.

### Display server

The X Window System (commonly X11, or X) is a networking and display protocol which provides windowing on bitmap displays. It is the de-facto standard for implementating graphical user interfaces. See the Xorg article for details.

Wayland is a new display server protocol and the Weston reference implementation is available. There is very little support for it from applications at this early stage of development.

### Fonts

You may wish to install a set of TrueType fonts, as only unscalable bitmap fonts are included by default. DejaVu is a set of high quality, general-purpose fonts with good Unicode coverage:

    # pacman -S ttf-dejavu

Refer to Font configuration for how to configure font rendering and Fonts for font suggestions and installation instructions.

## Appendix

For a list of applications that may be of interest, see List of applications.

See General recommendations for post-installation tutorials like setting up a touchpad or font rendering.

Categories:

- About Arch (Català)
- Installation process (Català)

Hidden categories:

- Pages or sections flagged with Template:Translateme
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