Reiser4 (Русский) - ArchWiki

# Reiser4 (Русский)

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Состояние перевода: На этой странице представлен перевод статьи Reiser4. Дата последней синхронизации: 24 июля 2017. Вы можете помочь синхронизировать перевод, если в английской версии произошли изменения.

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Reiser4 is the successor filesystem for ReiserFS, developed from scratch by Namesys and Hans Reiser. It is very efficient for handling small files (often used in `/var` for this purpose) and includes features such as cheap transparent compression and block suballocation. Because it is an atomic file system "your file system operations either entirely occur, or they entirely don't, and they do not corrupt due to half occurring." Benchmarks with other linux filesystems are also available.

## Important Notes

- Reiser4 requires a patched kernel
- It consumes a little more CPU than other filesystems
- Even LILO as the only bootloader officially supporting Reiser4 seems to have issues with it when `/boot` is formatted as Reiser4
- It is still not considered stable

Note: In systemd219, Access Control Lists is not enabled by default on Reiser4 partition. If you put /var on such a filesystem, you will need to do so or Tmpfs will not be mounted correctly. See for details Systemd#Troubleshooting
Tip: Gparted LiveCD is a small Linux distribution booting straight into Gparted. It also supports Reiser4

## Packages

1. Install the reiser4progsAUR package

2. You will need a reiser4 patched kernel. Patches can be found here http://sourceforge.net/projects/reiser4/files/reiser4-for-linux-3.x/

3. Bootloader (Optional, only needed if you want to format your `/` (root) as reiser4)

Note: Backing up your bootloader configuration file should be considered.

a) Recommended: make a small (as mentioned above, 20-200mb) partition for `/boot` with a filesystem other than Reiser4 with GParted, and then copy your `/boot` folder to the partition. Update your bootloader config accordingly, eg. with Grub2 do:

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

b) If you wish to put everything including `/boot` on a Reiser4 partition you will need to use LILO. This is not advised, as you will probably get an error when trying to update `lilo.conf`:

    # lilo

4. Reboot

Note: The following steps are for using Reiser4 as your / (root). If you just want to use Reiser in /var (or whatever) you should modify the following instructions according to your needs.

## Moving to Reiser4

In the next steps we will copy the data from your current root partition to the new Reiser4 partitions. Make sure you have enough disk space on the Reiser4 partition with:

    # df -h

### Sample system

    # fdisk -l
    * /dev/sda1: (10 Gb, 5 Gb free); Reiserfs /mnt/reiser4
    * /dev/sda2: (10 Gb, 10 Gb free); Reiser4 /
    * /dev/sda3: (200 Mb, 180 Mb free); ext2 /boot

### Formatting

Run the following commands:

    mkfs.reiser4 /dev/sdaX
    mkdir /mnt/reiser4
    mount -t reiser4 /dev/sdaX /mnt/reiser4

Note: With X being your partition number!

It is recommended that you use the Cryptcompress plugin by formatting with the following command:

    mkfs.reiser4 -o create=ccreg40,compress=lzo1 /dev/sdaX

### Copy system

Once the partition is formatted, copy you current system to the new partition and create the system directories. You may either do this from Arch Linux, or to make it easier (so that you do not have to use makedev later), just boot up with the Gparted LiveCD and mount both your new Reiser4 partition and your current root partition. Then, just copy everything over (as root) like so:

    cd /mnt
    mkdir oldroot
    mkdir reiser4
    mount /dev/sdaX oldroot
    mount /dev/sdaY reiser4 (the Reiser4 partition)
    cp -R -a /mnt/oldroot/* /mnt/reiser4/

Then, you need to mount your `/boot` partition, and if you have not already, copy `/boot` from your original root partition over to it.

Note: It is suggested to empty your /boot from the Reiser4 partition to use it as a mountpoint, which is reflected later in your fstab

    mkdir bootpart
    mount /dev/sdaZ bootpart
    cp -R -a /mnt/oldroot/boot/* /mnt/bootpart/

Do not forget to edit your bootloader's config appropriately (see examples at the bottom of the article).

Note: In case you upgraded grub before rebooting you may need to manually install grub to your /boot partition, otherwise, things may break and prevent you from booting. In this case using a LiveCD to Chroot and would be your last hope.

### /etc/fstab:

Note: If you can confirm that Reiser4 works for you, you should format the old root partition.

    #
    # /etc/fstab: static file system information
    #
    # <file system>	<dir>	      <type>  <options>	         <dump>	<pass>

    /dev/sda1       /             reiser4 defaults,noatime,notail 0   1
    /dev/sda2       /mnt/oldroot  ext4    defaults                0   0
    /dev/sda3       /boot         ext2    defaults                0   1

## Bootloader Examples

#### /boot/grub/grub.cfg:

    # (0) Arch Linux
    title  Arch Linux
    set root=(hd0,msdos3)
    kernel /vmlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda3 ro noatime notail acl init=/usr/bin/bootchartd
    initrd /initramfs-linux.img

    # (1) Arch Linux
    title  Arch Linux Fallback
    set root=(hd0,msdos3)
    kernel /vlinuz-linux root=/dev/sda3 ro
    initrd /initramfs-linux-fallback.img

Run `grub-mkconfig` to update your config:

    # grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

#### /etc/lilo.conf:

    #
    # /etc/lilo.conf
    #

    boot=/dev/hda
    # This line often fixes L40 errors on bootup
    # disk=/dev/hda bios=0x80

    default=Arch4
    timeout=20
    lba32
    prompt
    compact

    image=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
            label=Arch4
            root=/dev/hda5
            append="video=vesafb:1024x768-24@56,ywrap,mtrr splash=verbose,theme:darch console=tty1 resume2=swap:/dev/hdb1"
    initrd=/boot/initramfs-linux.img
    read-only

    image=/boot/vmlinuz-linux
            label=Arch
            root=/dev/hda3
            append="video=vesafb:1024x768-24@56,ywrap,mtrr splash=verbose,theme:darch console=tty1 resume2=swap:/dev/hdb1"
    initrd=/boot/initramfs-linux.img
    read-only

Run lilo to update your config:

    # lilo

## Troubleshooting

- Permissions: chown -R username.group <userdir>
- If you have problem with su command after the change of fs, you should reinstall coreutils package.

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- File systems (Русский)