# Musical Minecraft

Hello and welcome back! In the previous tutorials we’ve focussed purely on the music possibilities of Sonic Pi - (turning your Raspberry Pi into a performance ready musical instrument). So far we’ve learned how to:

- Live Code - changing the sounds on-the-fly,
- Code some huge beats,
- Generate powerful synth leads,
- Re-create the famous TB-303 acid-bass sound.

There’s so much more to show you (which we will explore in future editions). However, this month, let’s look at something Sonic Pi can do that you probably didn’t realise: control Minecraft.

## Hello Minecraft World

OK, let’s get started. Boot up your Raspberry Pi, fire up Minecraft Pi and create a new world. Now start up Sonic Pi and re-size and move your windows so you can see both Sonic Pi and Minecraft Pi at the same time.

In a fresh buffer type the following:

    mc_message "Hello Minecraft from Sonic Pi!"

Now, hit Run. Boom! Your message appeared in Minecraft! How easy was that? Now, stop reading this for a moment and play about with your own messages. Have fun!

## Sonic Teleporter

Now let’s do some exploring. The standard option is to reach for the mouse and keyboard and start walking around. That works, but it’s pretty slow and boring. It would be far better if we had some sort of teleport machine. Well, thanks to Sonic Pi, we have one. Try this:

    mc_teleport 80, 40, 100

Crikey! That was a long way up. If you weren’t in flying-mode then you would have fallen back down all the way to the ground. If you double-tap space to enter flying-mode and teleport again, you’ll stay hovering at the location you zap to.

Now, what do those numbers mean? We have three numbers which describe the coordinates of where in the world we want to go. We give each number a name - x, y and z:

- x - how far left and right (80 in our example)
- y - how high we want to be (40 in our example)
- z - how far forward and back (100 in our example)

By choosing different values for x, y and z we can teleport anywhere in our world. Try it! Choose different numbers and see where you can end up. If the screen goes black it’s because you’ve teleported yourself under the ground or into a mountain. Just choose a higher y value to get back out above land. Keep on exploring until you find somewhere you like…

Using the ideas so far, let’s build a Sonic Teleporter which makes a fun teleport sound whilst it whizzes us across the Minecraft world:

    mc_message "Preparing to teleport...."
    sample :ambi_lunar_land, rate: -1
    sleep 1
    mc_message "3"
    sleep 1
    mc_message "2"
    sleep 1
    mc_message "1"
    sleep 1
    mc_teleport 90, 20, 10
    mc_message "Whoooosh!"

## Magic Blocks

Now you’ve found a nice spot, let’s start building. You could do what you’re used to and start clicking the mouse furiously to place blocks under the cursor. Or you could use the magic of Sonic Pi. Try this:

    x, y, z = mc_location
    mc_set_block :melon, x, y + 5, z

Now look up! There’s a melon in the sky! Take a moment to look at the code. What did we do? On line one we grabbed the current location of Steve as the variables x, y and z. These correspond to our coordinates described above. We use these coordinates in the fn `mc_set_block` which will place the block of your choosing at the specified coordinates. In order to make something higher up in the sky we just need to increase the y value which is why we add 5 to it. Let’s make a long trail of them:

    live_loop :melon_trail do
      x, y, z = mc_location
      mc_set_block :melon, x, y-1, z
      sleep 0.125
    end

Now, jump over to Minecraft, make sure you’re in flying-mode (double tap space if not) and fly all around the world. Look behind you to see a pretty trail of melon blocks! See what kind of twisty patterns you can make in the sky.

## Live Coding Minecraft

Those of you that have been following this tutorial over the last few months will probably have your minds blown at this point. The trail of melons is pretty cool, but the most exciting part of the previous example is that you can use `live_loop` with Minecraft! For those that don’t know, `live_loop` is Sonic Pi’s special magic ability that no other programming language has. It lets you run multiple loops at the same time and allows you to change them whilst they run. They are incredibly powerful and amazing fun. I use `live_loop`s to perform music in nightclubs with Sonic Pi - DJs use discs and I use `live_loop`s :-) However, today we’re going to live code both music and Minecraft.

Let’s get started. Run the code above and start making your melon trail again. Now, without stopping the code, just simply change `:melon` to `:brick` and hit run. Hey presto, you’re now making a brick trail. How simple was that! Fancy some music to go with it? Easy. Try this:

    live_loop :bass_trail do
      tick
      x, y, z = mc_location
      b = (ring :melon, :brick, :glass).look
      mc_set_block b, x, y -1, z
      note = (ring :e1, :e2, :e3).look
      use_synth :tb303
      play note, release: 0.1, cutoff: 70
      sleep 0.125
    end

Now, whilst that’s playing start changing the code. Change the block types - try `:water`, `:grass` or your favourite block type. Also, try changing the cutoff value from `70` to `80` and then up to `100`. Isn’t this fun?

## Bringing it all together

Let’s combine everything we’ve seen so far with a little extra magic. Let’s combine our teleportation ability with block placing and music to make a Minecraft Music Video. Don’t worry if you don’t understand it all, just type it in and have a play by changing some of the values whilst it’s running live. Have fun and see you next time…

    live_loop :note_blocks do
      mc_message "This is Sonic Minecraft"
      with_fx :reverb do
        with_fx :echo, phase: 0.125, reps: 32 do
          tick
          x = (range 30, 90, step: 0.1).look
          y = 20
          z = -10
          mc_teleport x, y, z
          ns = (scale :e3, :minor_pentatonic)
          n = ns.shuffle.choose
          bs = (knit :glass, 3, :sand, 1)
          b = bs.look
          synth :beep, note: n, release: 0.1
          mc_set_block b, x+20, n-60+y, z+10
          mc_set_block b, x+20, n-60+y, z-10
          sleep 0.25
        end
      end
    end

    live_loop :beats do
      sample :bd_haus, cutoff: 100
      sleep 0.5
    end