#![allow(dead_code)]
use core::str::next_code_point;
use crate::borrow::Cow;
use crate::char;
use crate::fmt;
use crate::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use crate::iter::FromIterator;
use crate::mem;
use crate::ops;
use crate::rc::Rc;
use crate::slice;
use crate::str;
use crate::sync::Arc;
use crate::sys_common::AsInner;
const UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER: &str = "\u{FFFD}";
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Clone, Copy)]
pub struct CodePoint {
    value: u32,
}
impl fmt::Debug for CodePoint {
    #[inline]
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(formatter, "U+{:04X}", self.value)
    }
}
impl CodePoint {
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub unsafe fn from_u32_unchecked(value: u32) -> CodePoint {
        CodePoint { value }
    }
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_u32(value: u32) -> Option<CodePoint> {
        match value {
            0..=0x10FFFF => Some(CodePoint { value }),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_char(value: char) -> CodePoint {
        CodePoint { value: value as u32 }
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_u32(&self) -> u32 {
        self.value
    }
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_char(&self) -> Option<char> {
        match self.value {
            0xD800..=0xDFFF => None,
            _ => Some(unsafe { char::from_u32_unchecked(self.value) }),
        }
    }
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_char_lossy(&self) -> char {
        self.to_char().unwrap_or('\u{FFFD}')
    }
}
#[derive(Eq, PartialEq, Ord, PartialOrd, Clone)]
pub struct Wtf8Buf {
    bytes: Vec<u8>,
}
impl ops::Deref for Wtf8Buf {
    type Target = Wtf8;
    fn deref(&self) -> &Wtf8 {
        self.as_slice()
    }
}
impl ops::DerefMut for Wtf8Buf {
    fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Wtf8 {
        self.as_mut_slice()
    }
}
impl fmt::Debug for Wtf8Buf {
    #[inline]
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fmt::Debug::fmt(&**self, formatter)
    }
}
impl Wtf8Buf {
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn new() -> Wtf8Buf {
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: Vec::new() }
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn with_capacity(capacity: usize) -> Wtf8Buf {
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: Vec::with_capacity(capacity) }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_string(string: String) -> Wtf8Buf {
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: string.into_bytes() }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_str(str: &str) -> Wtf8Buf {
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: <[_]>::to_vec(str.as_bytes()) }
    }
    pub fn clear(&mut self) {
        self.bytes.clear()
    }
    
    
    
    
    pub fn from_wide(v: &[u16]) -> Wtf8Buf {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::with_capacity(v.len());
        for item in char::decode_utf16(v.iter().cloned()) {
            match item {
                Ok(ch) => string.push_char(ch),
                Err(surrogate) => {
                    let surrogate = surrogate.unpaired_surrogate();
                    
                    let code_point = unsafe { CodePoint::from_u32_unchecked(surrogate as u32) };
                    
                    
                    string.push_code_point_unchecked(code_point)
                }
            }
        }
        string
    }
    
    
    fn push_code_point_unchecked(&mut self, code_point: CodePoint) {
        let c = unsafe { char::from_u32_unchecked(code_point.value) };
        let mut bytes = [0; 4];
        let bytes = c.encode_utf8(&mut bytes).as_bytes();
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(bytes)
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_slice(&self) -> &Wtf8 {
        unsafe { Wtf8::from_bytes_unchecked(&self.bytes) }
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_mut_slice(&mut self) -> &mut Wtf8 {
        unsafe { Wtf8::from_mut_bytes_unchecked(&mut self.bytes) }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn reserve(&mut self, additional: usize) {
        self.bytes.reserve(additional)
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn reserve_exact(&mut self, additional: usize) {
        self.bytes.reserve_exact(additional)
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn shrink_to_fit(&mut self) {
        self.bytes.shrink_to_fit()
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn shrink_to(&mut self, min_capacity: usize) {
        self.bytes.shrink_to(min_capacity)
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn capacity(&self) -> usize {
        self.bytes.capacity()
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn push_str(&mut self, other: &str) {
        self.bytes.extend_from_slice(other.as_bytes())
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn push_wtf8(&mut self, other: &Wtf8) {
        match ((&*self).final_lead_surrogate(), other.initial_trail_surrogate()) {
            
            (Some(lead), Some(trail)) => {
                let len_without_lead_surrogate = self.len() - 3;
                self.bytes.truncate(len_without_lead_surrogate);
                let other_without_trail_surrogate = &other.bytes[3..];
                
                self.bytes.reserve(4 + other_without_trail_surrogate.len());
                self.push_char(decode_surrogate_pair(lead, trail));
                self.bytes.extend_from_slice(other_without_trail_surrogate);
            }
            _ => self.bytes.extend_from_slice(&other.bytes),
        }
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn push_char(&mut self, c: char) {
        self.push_code_point_unchecked(CodePoint::from_char(c))
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn push(&mut self, code_point: CodePoint) {
        if let trail @ 0xDC00..=0xDFFF = code_point.to_u32() {
            if let Some(lead) = (&*self).final_lead_surrogate() {
                let len_without_lead_surrogate = self.len() - 3;
                self.bytes.truncate(len_without_lead_surrogate);
                self.push_char(decode_surrogate_pair(lead, trail as u16));
                return;
            }
        }
        
        self.push_code_point_unchecked(code_point)
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn truncate(&mut self, new_len: usize) {
        assert!(is_code_point_boundary(self, new_len));
        self.bytes.truncate(new_len)
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    
    pub fn into_string(self) -> Result<String, Wtf8Buf> {
        match self.next_surrogate(0) {
            None => Ok(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(self.bytes) }),
            Some(_) => Err(self),
        }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    pub fn into_string_lossy(mut self) -> String {
        let mut pos = 0;
        loop {
            match self.next_surrogate(pos) {
                Some((surrogate_pos, _)) => {
                    pos = surrogate_pos + 3;
                    self.bytes[surrogate_pos..pos]
                        .copy_from_slice(UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER.as_bytes());
                }
                None => return unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(self.bytes) },
            }
        }
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn into_box(self) -> Box<Wtf8> {
        unsafe { mem::transmute(self.bytes.into_boxed_slice()) }
    }
    
    pub fn from_box(boxed: Box<Wtf8>) -> Wtf8Buf {
        let bytes: Box<[u8]> = unsafe { mem::transmute(boxed) };
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: bytes.into_vec() }
    }
}
impl FromIterator<CodePoint> for Wtf8Buf {
    fn from_iter<T: IntoIterator<Item = CodePoint>>(iter: T) -> Wtf8Buf {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.extend(iter);
        string
    }
}
impl Extend<CodePoint> for Wtf8Buf {
    fn extend<T: IntoIterator<Item = CodePoint>>(&mut self, iter: T) {
        let iterator = iter.into_iter();
        let (low, _high) = iterator.size_hint();
        
        self.bytes.reserve(low);
        iterator.for_each(move |code_point| self.push(code_point));
    }
}
#[derive(Eq, Ord, PartialEq, PartialOrd)]
pub struct Wtf8 {
    bytes: [u8],
}
impl AsInner<[u8]> for Wtf8 {
    fn as_inner(&self) -> &[u8] {
        &self.bytes
    }
}
impl fmt::Debug for Wtf8 {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        fn write_str_escaped(f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>, s: &str) -> fmt::Result {
            use crate::fmt::Write;
            for c in s.chars().flat_map(|c| c.escape_debug()) {
                f.write_char(c)?
            }
            Ok(())
        }
        formatter.write_str("\"")?;
        let mut pos = 0;
        while let Some((surrogate_pos, surrogate)) = self.next_surrogate(pos) {
            write_str_escaped(formatter, unsafe {
                str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.bytes[pos..surrogate_pos])
            })?;
            write!(formatter, "\\u{{{:x}}}", surrogate)?;
            pos = surrogate_pos + 3;
        }
        write_str_escaped(formatter, unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.bytes[pos..]) })?;
        formatter.write_str("\"")
    }
}
impl fmt::Display for Wtf8 {
    fn fmt(&self, formatter: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        let wtf8_bytes = &self.bytes;
        let mut pos = 0;
        loop {
            match self.next_surrogate(pos) {
                Some((surrogate_pos, _)) => {
                    formatter.write_str(unsafe {
                        str::from_utf8_unchecked(&wtf8_bytes[pos..surrogate_pos])
                    })?;
                    formatter.write_str(UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER)?;
                    pos = surrogate_pos + 3;
                }
                None => {
                    let s = unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&wtf8_bytes[pos..]) };
                    if pos == 0 { return s.fmt(formatter) } else { return formatter.write_str(s) }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}
impl Wtf8 {
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn from_str(value: &str) -> &Wtf8 {
        unsafe { Wtf8::from_bytes_unchecked(value.as_bytes()) }
    }
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn from_bytes_unchecked(value: &[u8]) -> &Wtf8 {
        mem::transmute(value)
    }
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    unsafe fn from_mut_bytes_unchecked(value: &mut [u8]) -> &mut Wtf8 {
        mem::transmute(value)
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn len(&self) -> usize {
        self.bytes.len()
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_empty(&self) -> bool {
        self.bytes.is_empty()
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn ascii_byte_at(&self, position: usize) -> u8 {
        match self.bytes[position] {
            ascii_byte @ 0x00..=0x7F => ascii_byte,
            _ => 0xFF,
        }
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn code_points(&self) -> Wtf8CodePoints<'_> {
        Wtf8CodePoints { bytes: self.bytes.iter() }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn as_str(&self) -> Option<&str> {
        
        
        match self.next_surrogate(0) {
            None => Some(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.bytes) }),
            Some(_) => None,
        }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    pub fn to_string_lossy(&self) -> Cow<'_, str> {
        let surrogate_pos = match self.next_surrogate(0) {
            None => return Cow::Borrowed(unsafe { str::from_utf8_unchecked(&self.bytes) }),
            Some((pos, _)) => pos,
        };
        let wtf8_bytes = &self.bytes;
        let mut utf8_bytes = Vec::with_capacity(self.len());
        utf8_bytes.extend_from_slice(&wtf8_bytes[..surrogate_pos]);
        utf8_bytes.extend_from_slice(UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER.as_bytes());
        let mut pos = surrogate_pos + 3;
        loop {
            match self.next_surrogate(pos) {
                Some((surrogate_pos, _)) => {
                    utf8_bytes.extend_from_slice(&wtf8_bytes[pos..surrogate_pos]);
                    utf8_bytes.extend_from_slice(UTF8_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER.as_bytes());
                    pos = surrogate_pos + 3;
                }
                None => {
                    utf8_bytes.extend_from_slice(&wtf8_bytes[pos..]);
                    return Cow::Owned(unsafe { String::from_utf8_unchecked(utf8_bytes) });
                }
            }
        }
    }
    
    
    
    
    
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn encode_wide(&self) -> EncodeWide<'_> {
        EncodeWide { code_points: self.code_points(), extra: 0 }
    }
    #[inline]
    fn next_surrogate(&self, mut pos: usize) -> Option<(usize, u16)> {
        let mut iter = self.bytes[pos..].iter();
        loop {
            let b = *iter.next()?;
            if b < 0x80 {
                pos += 1;
            } else if b < 0xE0 {
                iter.next();
                pos += 2;
            } else if b == 0xED {
                match (iter.next(), iter.next()) {
                    (Some(&b2), Some(&b3)) if b2 >= 0xA0 => {
                        return Some((pos, decode_surrogate(b2, b3)));
                    }
                    _ => pos += 3,
                }
            } else if b < 0xF0 {
                iter.next();
                iter.next();
                pos += 3;
            } else {
                iter.next();
                iter.next();
                iter.next();
                pos += 4;
            }
        }
    }
    #[inline]
    fn final_lead_surrogate(&self) -> Option<u16> {
        match self.bytes {
            [.., 0xED, b2 @ 0xA0..=0xAF, b3] => Some(decode_surrogate(b2, b3)),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
    #[inline]
    fn initial_trail_surrogate(&self) -> Option<u16> {
        match self.bytes {
            [0xED, b2 @ 0xB0..=0xBF, b3, ..] => Some(decode_surrogate(b2, b3)),
            _ => None,
        }
    }
    pub fn clone_into(&self, buf: &mut Wtf8Buf) {
        self.bytes.clone_into(&mut buf.bytes)
    }
    
    #[inline]
    pub fn into_box(&self) -> Box<Wtf8> {
        let boxed: Box<[u8]> = self.bytes.into();
        unsafe { mem::transmute(boxed) }
    }
    
    pub fn empty_box() -> Box<Wtf8> {
        let boxed: Box<[u8]> = Default::default();
        unsafe { mem::transmute(boxed) }
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn into_arc(&self) -> Arc<Wtf8> {
        let arc: Arc<[u8]> = Arc::from(&self.bytes);
        unsafe { Arc::from_raw(Arc::into_raw(arc) as *const Wtf8) }
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn into_rc(&self) -> Rc<Wtf8> {
        let rc: Rc<[u8]> = Rc::from(&self.bytes);
        unsafe { Rc::from_raw(Rc::into_raw(rc) as *const Wtf8) }
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn make_ascii_lowercase(&mut self) {
        self.bytes.make_ascii_lowercase()
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn make_ascii_uppercase(&mut self) {
        self.bytes.make_ascii_uppercase()
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_ascii_lowercase(&self) -> Wtf8Buf {
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: self.bytes.to_ascii_lowercase() }
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn to_ascii_uppercase(&self) -> Wtf8Buf {
        Wtf8Buf { bytes: self.bytes.to_ascii_uppercase() }
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn is_ascii(&self) -> bool {
        self.bytes.is_ascii()
    }
    #[inline]
    pub fn eq_ignore_ascii_case(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
        self.bytes.eq_ignore_ascii_case(&other.bytes)
    }
}
impl ops::Index<ops::Range<usize>> for Wtf8 {
    type Output = Wtf8;
    #[inline]
    fn index(&self, range: ops::Range<usize>) -> &Wtf8 {
        
        if range.start <= range.end
            && is_code_point_boundary(self, range.start)
            && is_code_point_boundary(self, range.end)
        {
            unsafe { slice_unchecked(self, range.start, range.end) }
        } else {
            slice_error_fail(self, range.start, range.end)
        }
    }
}
impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFrom<usize>> for Wtf8 {
    type Output = Wtf8;
    #[inline]
    fn index(&self, range: ops::RangeFrom<usize>) -> &Wtf8 {
        
        if is_code_point_boundary(self, range.start) {
            unsafe { slice_unchecked(self, range.start, self.len()) }
        } else {
            slice_error_fail(self, range.start, self.len())
        }
    }
}
impl ops::Index<ops::RangeTo<usize>> for Wtf8 {
    type Output = Wtf8;
    #[inline]
    fn index(&self, range: ops::RangeTo<usize>) -> &Wtf8 {
        
        if is_code_point_boundary(self, range.end) {
            unsafe { slice_unchecked(self, 0, range.end) }
        } else {
            slice_error_fail(self, 0, range.end)
        }
    }
}
impl ops::Index<ops::RangeFull> for Wtf8 {
    type Output = Wtf8;
    #[inline]
    fn index(&self, _range: ops::RangeFull) -> &Wtf8 {
        self
    }
}
#[inline]
fn decode_surrogate(second_byte: u8, third_byte: u8) -> u16 {
    
    0xD800 | (second_byte as u16 & 0x3F) << 6 | third_byte as u16 & 0x3F
}
#[inline]
fn decode_surrogate_pair(lead: u16, trail: u16) -> char {
    let code_point = 0x10000 + ((((lead - 0xD800) as u32) << 10) | (trail - 0xDC00) as u32);
    unsafe { char::from_u32_unchecked(code_point) }
}
#[inline]
pub fn is_code_point_boundary(slice: &Wtf8, index: usize) -> bool {
    if index == slice.len() {
        return true;
    }
    match slice.bytes.get(index) {
        None => false,
        Some(&b) => b < 128 || b >= 192,
    }
}
#[inline]
pub unsafe fn slice_unchecked(s: &Wtf8, begin: usize, end: usize) -> &Wtf8 {
    
    Wtf8::from_bytes_unchecked(slice::from_raw_parts(s.bytes.as_ptr().add(begin), end - begin))
}
#[inline(never)]
pub fn slice_error_fail(s: &Wtf8, begin: usize, end: usize) -> ! {
    assert!(begin <= end);
    panic!("index {} and/or {} in `{:?}` do not lie on character boundary", begin, end, s);
}
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct Wtf8CodePoints<'a> {
    bytes: slice::Iter<'a, u8>,
}
impl<'a> Iterator for Wtf8CodePoints<'a> {
    type Item = CodePoint;
    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<CodePoint> {
        next_code_point(&mut self.bytes).map(|c| CodePoint { value: c })
    }
    #[inline]
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let len = self.bytes.len();
        (len.saturating_add(3) / 4, Some(len))
    }
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
#[derive(Clone)]
pub struct EncodeWide<'a> {
    code_points: Wtf8CodePoints<'a>,
    extra: u16,
}
#[stable(feature = "rust1", since = "1.0.0")]
impl<'a> Iterator for EncodeWide<'a> {
    type Item = u16;
    #[inline]
    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<u16> {
        if self.extra != 0 {
            let tmp = self.extra;
            self.extra = 0;
            return Some(tmp);
        }
        let mut buf = [0; 2];
        self.code_points.next().map(|code_point| {
            let c = unsafe { char::from_u32_unchecked(code_point.value) };
            let n = c.encode_utf16(&mut buf).len();
            if n == 2 {
                self.extra = buf[1];
            }
            buf[0]
        })
    }
    #[inline]
    fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>) {
        let (low, high) = self.code_points.size_hint();
        
        
        
        (low, high.and_then(|n| n.checked_mul(2)))
    }
}
impl Hash for CodePoint {
    #[inline]
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        self.value.hash(state)
    }
}
impl Hash for Wtf8Buf {
    #[inline]
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        state.write(&self.bytes);
        0xfeu8.hash(state)
    }
}
impl Hash for Wtf8 {
    #[inline]
    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
        state.write(&self.bytes);
        0xfeu8.hash(state)
    }
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
    use super::*;
    use crate::borrow::Cow;
    #[test]
    fn code_point_from_u32() {
        assert!(CodePoint::from_u32(0).is_some());
        assert!(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).is_some());
        assert!(CodePoint::from_u32(0x10FFFF).is_some());
        assert!(CodePoint::from_u32(0x110000).is_none());
    }
    #[test]
    fn code_point_to_u32() {
        fn c(value: u32) -> CodePoint {
            CodePoint::from_u32(value).unwrap()
        }
        assert_eq!(c(0).to_u32(), 0);
        assert_eq!(c(0xD800).to_u32(), 0xD800);
        assert_eq!(c(0x10FFFF).to_u32(), 0x10FFFF);
    }
    #[test]
    fn code_point_from_char() {
        assert_eq!(CodePoint::from_char('a').to_u32(), 0x61);
        assert_eq!(CodePoint::from_char('💩').to_u32(), 0x1F4A9);
    }
    #[test]
    fn code_point_to_string() {
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", CodePoint::from_char('a')), "U+0061");
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", CodePoint::from_char('💩')), "U+1F4A9");
    }
    #[test]
    fn code_point_to_char() {
        fn c(value: u32) -> CodePoint {
            CodePoint::from_u32(value).unwrap()
        }
        assert_eq!(c(0x61).to_char(), Some('a'));
        assert_eq!(c(0x1F4A9).to_char(), Some('💩'));
        assert_eq!(c(0xD800).to_char(), None);
    }
    #[test]
    fn code_point_to_char_lossy() {
        fn c(value: u32) -> CodePoint {
            CodePoint::from_u32(value).unwrap()
        }
        assert_eq!(c(0x61).to_char_lossy(), 'a');
        assert_eq!(c(0x1F4A9).to_char_lossy(), '💩');
        assert_eq!(c(0xD800).to_char_lossy(), '\u{FFFD}');
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_new() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8Buf::new().bytes, b"");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_from_str() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8Buf::from_str("").bytes, b"");
        assert_eq!(Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé 💩").bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_from_string() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8Buf::from_string(String::from("")).bytes, b"");
        assert_eq!(
            Wtf8Buf::from_string(String::from("aé 💩")).bytes,
            b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9"
        );
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_from_wide() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8Buf::from_wide(&[]).bytes, b"");
        assert_eq!(
            Wtf8Buf::from_wide(&[0x61, 0xE9, 0x20, 0xD83D, 0xD83D, 0xDCA9]).bytes,
            b"a\xC3\xA9 \xED\xA0\xBD\xF0\x9F\x92\xA9"
        );
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_push_str() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"");
        string.push_str("aé 💩");
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_push_char() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé ");
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 ");
        string.push_char('💩');
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_push() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé ");
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 ");
        string.push(CodePoint::from_char('💩'));
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
        fn c(value: u32) -> CodePoint {
            CodePoint::from_u32(value).unwrap()
        }
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0xD83D)); 
        string.push(c(0xDCA9)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xF0\x9F\x92\xA9"); 
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0xD83D)); 
        string.push(c(0x20)); 
        string.push(c(0xDCA9)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xA0\xBD \xED\xB2\xA9");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0xD800)); 
        string.push(c(0xDBFF)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xED\xAF\xBF");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0xD800)); 
        string.push(c(0xE000)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xEE\x80\x80");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0xD7FF)); 
        string.push(c(0xDC00)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\x9F\xBF\xED\xB0\x80");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0x61)); 
        string.push(c(0xDC00)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\x61\xED\xB0\x80");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(c(0xDC00)); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xB0\x80");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_push_wtf8() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé");
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9");
        string.push_wtf8(Wtf8::from_str(" 💩"));
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
        fn w(v: &[u8]) -> &Wtf8 {
            unsafe { Wtf8::from_bytes_unchecked(v) }
        }
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xA0\xBD")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xB2\xA9")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xF0\x9F\x92\xA9"); 
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xA0\xBD")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b" ")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xB2\xA9")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xA0\xBD \xED\xB2\xA9");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xA0\x80")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xAF\xBF")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xED\xAF\xBF");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xA0\x80")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xEE\x80\x80")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xEE\x80\x80");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\x9F\xBF")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xB0\x80")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\x9F\xBF\xED\xB0\x80");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"a")); 
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xB0\x80")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\x61\xED\xB0\x80");
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push_wtf8(w(b"\xED\xB0\x80")); 
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"\xED\xB0\x80");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_truncate() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé");
        string.truncate(1);
        assert_eq!(string.bytes, b"a");
    }
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn wtf8buf_truncate_fail_code_point_boundary() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé");
        string.truncate(2);
    }
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn wtf8buf_truncate_fail_longer() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé");
        string.truncate(4);
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_into_string() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé 💩");
        assert_eq!(string.clone().into_string(), Ok(String::from("aé 💩")));
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(string.clone().into_string(), Err(string));
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_into_string_lossy() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé 💩");
        assert_eq!(string.clone().into_string_lossy(), String::from("aé 💩"));
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(string.clone().into_string_lossy(), String::from("aé 💩�"));
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_from_iterator() {
        fn f(values: &[u32]) -> Wtf8Buf {
            values.iter().map(|&c| CodePoint::from_u32(c).unwrap()).collect::<Wtf8Buf>()
        }
        assert_eq!(f(&[0x61, 0xE9, 0x20, 0x1F4A9]).bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
        assert_eq!(f(&[0xD83D, 0xDCA9]).bytes, b"\xF0\x9F\x92\xA9"); 
        assert_eq!(f(&[0xD83D, 0x20, 0xDCA9]).bytes, b"\xED\xA0\xBD \xED\xB2\xA9");
        assert_eq!(f(&[0xD800, 0xDBFF]).bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xED\xAF\xBF");
        assert_eq!(f(&[0xD800, 0xE000]).bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xEE\x80\x80");
        assert_eq!(f(&[0xD7FF, 0xDC00]).bytes, b"\xED\x9F\xBF\xED\xB0\x80");
        assert_eq!(f(&[0x61, 0xDC00]).bytes, b"\x61\xED\xB0\x80");
        assert_eq!(f(&[0xDC00]).bytes, b"\xED\xB0\x80");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_extend() {
        fn e(initial: &[u32], extended: &[u32]) -> Wtf8Buf {
            fn c(value: &u32) -> CodePoint {
                CodePoint::from_u32(*value).unwrap()
            }
            let mut string = initial.iter().map(c).collect::<Wtf8Buf>();
            string.extend(extended.iter().map(c));
            string
        }
        assert_eq!(e(&[0x61, 0xE9], &[0x20, 0x1F4A9]).bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
        assert_eq!(e(&[0xD83D], &[0xDCA9]).bytes, b"\xF0\x9F\x92\xA9"); 
        assert_eq!(e(&[0xD83D, 0x20], &[0xDCA9]).bytes, b"\xED\xA0\xBD \xED\xB2\xA9");
        assert_eq!(e(&[0xD800], &[0xDBFF]).bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xED\xAF\xBF");
        assert_eq!(e(&[0xD800], &[0xE000]).bytes, b"\xED\xA0\x80\xEE\x80\x80");
        assert_eq!(e(&[0xD7FF], &[0xDC00]).bytes, b"\xED\x9F\xBF\xED\xB0\x80");
        assert_eq!(e(&[0x61], &[0xDC00]).bytes, b"\x61\xED\xB0\x80");
        assert_eq!(e(&[], &[0xDC00]).bytes, b"\xED\xB0\x80");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_show() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("a\té \u{7f}💩\r");
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", string), "\"a\\té \\u{7f}\u{1f4a9}\\r\\u{d800}\"");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_as_slice() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé").as_slice(), Wtf8::from_str("aé"));
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8buf_show_str() {
        let text = "a\té 💩\r";
        let string = Wtf8Buf::from_str(text);
        assert_eq!(format!("{:?}", text), format!("{:?}", string));
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_from_str() {
        assert_eq!(&Wtf8::from_str("").bytes, b"");
        assert_eq!(&Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩").bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_len() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8::from_str("").len(), 0);
        assert_eq!(Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩").len(), 8);
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_slice() {
        assert_eq!(&Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩")[1..4].bytes, b"\xC3\xA9 ");
    }
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn wtf8_slice_not_code_point_boundary() {
        &Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩")[2..4];
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_slice_from() {
        assert_eq!(&Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩")[1..].bytes, b"\xC3\xA9 \xF0\x9F\x92\xA9");
    }
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn wtf8_slice_from_not_code_point_boundary() {
        &Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩")[2..];
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_slice_to() {
        assert_eq!(&Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩")[..4].bytes, b"a\xC3\xA9 ");
    }
    #[test]
    #[should_panic]
    fn wtf8_slice_to_not_code_point_boundary() {
        &Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩")[5..];
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_ascii_byte_at() {
        let slice = Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩");
        assert_eq!(slice.ascii_byte_at(0), b'a');
        assert_eq!(slice.ascii_byte_at(1), b'\xFF');
        assert_eq!(slice.ascii_byte_at(2), b'\xFF');
        assert_eq!(slice.ascii_byte_at(3), b' ');
        assert_eq!(slice.ascii_byte_at(4), b'\xFF');
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_code_points() {
        fn c(value: u32) -> CodePoint {
            CodePoint::from_u32(value).unwrap()
        }
        fn cp(string: &Wtf8Buf) -> Vec<Option<char>> {
            string.code_points().map(|c| c.to_char()).collect::<Vec<_>>()
        }
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("é ");
        assert_eq!(cp(&string), [Some('é'), Some(' ')]);
        string.push(c(0xD83D));
        assert_eq!(cp(&string), [Some('é'), Some(' '), None]);
        string.push(c(0xDCA9));
        assert_eq!(cp(&string), [Some('é'), Some(' '), Some('💩')]);
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_as_str() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8::from_str("").as_str(), Some(""));
        assert_eq!(Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩").as_str(), Some("aé 💩"));
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::new();
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).unwrap());
        assert_eq!(string.as_str(), None);
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_to_string_lossy() {
        assert_eq!(Wtf8::from_str("").to_string_lossy(), Cow::Borrowed(""));
        assert_eq!(Wtf8::from_str("aé 💩").to_string_lossy(), Cow::Borrowed("aé 💩"));
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé 💩");
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).unwrap());
        let expected: Cow<'_, str> = Cow::Owned(String::from("aé 💩�"));
        assert_eq!(string.to_string_lossy(), expected);
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_display() {
        fn d(b: &[u8]) -> String {
            (&unsafe { Wtf8::from_bytes_unchecked(b) }).to_string()
        }
        assert_eq!("", d("".as_bytes()));
        assert_eq!("aé 💩", d("aé 💩".as_bytes()));
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé 💩");
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD800).unwrap());
        assert_eq!("aé 💩�", d(string.as_inner()));
    }
    #[test]
    fn wtf8_encode_wide() {
        let mut string = Wtf8Buf::from_str("aé ");
        string.push(CodePoint::from_u32(0xD83D).unwrap());
        string.push_char('💩');
        assert_eq!(
            string.encode_wide().collect::<Vec<_>>(),
            vec![0x61, 0xE9, 0x20, 0xD83D, 0xD83D, 0xDCA9]
        );
    }
}