LXDE (简体中文) - ArchWiki

# LXDE (简体中文)

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摘自 LXDE.org | LXDE官方主页:

  The "Lightweight X11 Desktop Environment" is an extremely fast-performing and energy-saving desktop environment. Maintained by an international community of developers, it comes with a beautiful interface, multi-language support, standard keyboard short cuts and additional features like tabbed file browsing. LXDE uses less CPU and less RAM than other environments. It is especially designed for cloud computers with low hardware specifications, such as, netbooks, mobile devices (e.g. MIDs) or older computers.

## 安装

使用LXDE最少需要安装 lxde-common, lxsession, openbox(或者其他窗口管理器）。lxde包含完整的桌面。

### GTK+ 3 版本

你可以安装 lxde-gtk3 软件包组来试用这个尚在实验阶段的版本.

它几乎可以正常工作，但是可能会有一些问题，包括： gpicview, lxappearance-obconf, lxlauncher 和 lxpanel.

## 运行 LXDE

### 显示管理器

LXDM是LXDE的默认显示管理器，并作为lxde组的一部分。另请参见Display manager。

### 命令行

使用 "startx"，你需要在你的xinitrc文件最后添加

    ~/.xinitrc

    exec startlxde

另见Start X at login

## 小提示

### Application menu editing

The application menu works by resolving the `.desktop` files located in `/usr/share/applications/` and `~/.local/share/applications/`. To add or edit a menu item, see desktop entries. Third party menu editors can be found in the AUR (e.g. lxmedAUR). There also official ones like alacarte (gnome), mozo (mate) , etc..

### Autostart

Applications can be automatically started in a couple of ways:

- With `.desktop` files

LXDE implements XDG Autostart.

- Via LXsession

Each line in `~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart` represents a command to be executed. If a line starts with `@`, and the command following it crashes, the command is automatically re-executed. For example:

    ~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/autostart

    @lxterminal
    @leafpad

Note: These commands do not end with a "&" symbol.

There is also a global autostart file at `/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart`.

Note: If both files are present, LXsession only executes the local file as of v0.4.9

### Bindings

Mouse and key bindings (i.e. keyboard shortcuts) are implemented with Openbox. LXDE users should follow the Openbox wiki to edit `~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml`.

An optional GUI for editing the key bindings is provided by the obkeyAUR package. Whle it edits `rc.xml` by default, you can direct it to the LXDE configuration as follows:

    $ obkey ~/.config/openbox/lxde-rc.xml

See [1] for more information.

### Cursors

lxappearance is a graphical tool to set GTK look and feel, including the cursor theme. Settings configured with LXAppearance are written to `~/.gtkrc-2.0`, `~/.config/gtk-3.0/settings.ini` and `~/.icons/default/index.theme`. See also Cursor themes.

### Digital clock applet time

You can right click on the digital clock applet on the panel and set how it displays the current time using the strftime format. See strftime(3) for details.

### Font settings

lxappearance-obconf configures Openbox settings. See also Font configuration.

### Keyboard layout

lxpanel includes a keyboard layout applet. See Keyboard configuration in Xorg for generic instructions and #Autostart to automatically start setxkbmap in LXDE.

### Screen locking

LXDE does not come with a screen locker of its own. See List of applications/Security#Screen lockers and #Autostart on how to start them.

The Screen Lock icon executes a script (located at `/usr/bin/lxlock`) which searches for a number of well known screen lockers and uses the first one it finds to lock the screen. See lxlock on GitHub.

`/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/autostart` (from the lxde-common package) lists XScreenSaver which will be launched automatically.

See DPMS on how to control the screen saver without external programs.

### LXPanel icons

Default icons used by LXpanel are stored in `/usr/share/pixmaps/` and any custom icons should be saved there as well.

To change default icons for applications, see Desktop entries#Icons.

### LXPanel menus

The panel's menus can be configured in `/etc/xdg/menus/lxde-applications.menu` as per the xdg-menu format to work with applications from other sessions (notably MATE) to add some of the function-ability that LXDE lacks.

### Use a different window manager

LXsession uses the window manager defined in `~/.config/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf` (Openbox by default). If this file does not exist, it searches in `/etc/xdg/lxsession/LXDE/desktop.conf` instead.

Replace `openbox-lxde` in either file with a window manager of your choice:

For metacity:

    window_manager=metacity

For compiz:

    window_manager=compiz

Alternatively use `WM --replace` as defined in #Autostart, where WM is the name of the window manager executable being started. This means that openbox will be started first on each login and will then immediately be replaced. Note that Openbox and LXDE do not share the same `rc.xml` and keyboard shortcuts may differ. See xbindkeys.

### Using a composite manager

LXDE doesnt enable compositing by default that leads to screen tearing problem. If you not okay with this, you can sacrifice a little bit more resources to enable window compositing either by installing compositing manager or you can also subtitute lxde with another window manager that support compositing.

## Troubleshooting

### Some apps unable to start

Recent shift of LXDE to gtk3 introduce some bugs that may cause segmentation fault and preventing application to start (most notably the customize look and fell settings or known as lxappearance). Until this problem fully fixed, you can try using JWM to bypass gtk3 segfault:

- install JWM

    $ sudo pacman -S jwm

- subtitute LXDE with jwm, open terminal and run:

    $ jwm

- this may cause a little glitch but now you should be able to open segfault app normally
- after you are done, relogin to refresh LXDE desktop

### NTFS with Chinese characters

For a storage device with an NTFS filesystem, you will need to install the NTFS-3G package. Generally, PCManFM works well with NTFS filesystems, however there is one bug affecting NTFS users that if you have files or directories on an NTFS filesystem, the names of which contain non-latin characters (e.g. Chinese characters) may disappear when opening (or auto-mounting) the NTFS volume. This happens because the lxsession mount-helper is not correctly parsing the policies and locale options. There is a workaround for this:

Create a new `/usr/local/bin/mount.ntfs-3g` with a new Bash script containing:

    #!/bin/bash
    /usr/bin/ntfs-3g $1 $2 -o locale=en_US.UTF-8

And then make it executable:

    # chmod +x /usr/local/bin/mount.ntfs-3g

### LXPanel crashes

With some GTK themes, launching lxpanel will lead to the following error:

    lxpanel: cairo-scaled-font.c:459: _cairo_scaled_glyph_page_destroy: Assertion `!scaled_font->cache_frozen' failed.

In this case install ttf-dejavu.

If lxpanel crashes when browsing particular unicode web pages, install ttf-droid.

### LXPanel Task Bar icon size

The icons of running applications do not match the set Icon size in Panel Settings > Geometry but are 4px smaller which makes some of them blurry. To have clear looking 32px icons in the Task Bar the set Icon size has to be 36px which would blur the icons of the rest of your active Panel Applets. To get around this create additional panel(s) and have them collectively make a single continuous looking panel by adjusting the Alignment and Margin in Panel Settings > Geometry.

### Fake transparency in LXTerminal

The latest version of VTE terminal widget library requires a compositing window manager for background transparency. The unmaintained, legacy GTK 2 version of VTE has fake transparency, where the desktop background image will show through the terminal. It you prefer fake transparency, the GTK 2 version of LXTerminal can be installed with the lxterminal-gtk2AUR package.

## 相关资源

- LXDE项目
- 最新组件
- PCMan文件管理器

Category:

- Desktop environments (简体中文)