# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

#
# omdict - Ordered Multivalue Dictionary.
#
# Ansgar Grunseid
# grunseid.com
# grunseid@gmail.com
#
# License: Build Amazing Things (Unlicense)
#

from __future__ import absolute_import

import sys
from itertools import chain

import six
from six.moves import map, zip_longest

from .itemlist import itemlist

if six.PY2:
    from collections import MutableMapping
else:
    from collections.abc import MutableMapping
try:
    from collections import OrderedDict as odict  # Python 2.7 and later.
except ImportError:
    from ordereddict import OrderedDict as odict  # Python 2.6 and earlier.


_absent = object()  # Marker that means no parameter was provided.
_items_attr = 'items' if sys.version_info[0] >= 3 else 'iteritems'


def callable_attr(obj, attr):
    return hasattr(obj, attr) and callable(getattr(obj, attr))


#
# TODO(grun): Create a subclass of list that values(), getlist(), allitems(),
# etc return that the user can manipulate directly to control the omdict()
# object.
#
# For example, users should be able to do things like
#
#   omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11)])
#   omd.values(1).append('sup')
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,11), (1,'sup')]
#   omd.values(1).remove(11)
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,'sup')]
#   omd.values(1).extend(['two', 'more'])
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,'sup'), (1,'two'), (1,'more')]
#
# or
#
#   omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11)])
#   omd.allitems().extend([(2,2), (2,22)])
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,11), (2,2), (2,22)])
#
# or
#
#   omd = omdict()
#   omd.values(1) = [1, 11]
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,11)]
#   omd.values(1) = list(map(lambda i: i * -10, omd.values(1)))
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,-10), (1,-110)]
#   omd.allitems() = filter(lambda (k,v): v > -100, omd.allitems())
#   omd.allitems() == [(1,-10)]
#
# etc.
#
# To accomplish this, subclass list in such a manner that each list element is
# really a two tuple, where the first tuple value is the actual value and the
# second tuple value is a reference to the itemlist node for that value. Users
# only interact with the first tuple values, the actual values, but behind the
# scenes when an element is modified, deleted, inserted, etc, the according
# itemlist nodes are modified, deleted, inserted, etc accordingly. In this
# manner, users can manipulate omdict objects directly through direct list
# manipulation.
#
# Once accomplished, some methods become redundant and should be removed in
# favor of the more intuitive direct value list manipulation. Such redundant
# methods include getlist() (removed in favor of values()?), addlist(), and
# setlist().
#
# With the removal of many of the 'list' methods, think about renaming all
# remaining 'list' methods to 'values' methods, like poplist() -> popvalues(),
# poplistitem() -> popvaluesitem(), etc. This would be an easy switch for most
# methods, but wouldn't fit others so well. For example, iterlists() would
# become itervalues(), a name extremely similar to iterallvalues() but quite
# different in function.
#


class omdict(MutableMapping):

    """
    Ordered Multivalue Dictionary.

    A multivalue dictionary is a dictionary that can store multiple values per
    key. An ordered multivalue dictionary is a multivalue dictionary that
    retains the order of insertions and deletions.

    Internally, items are stored in a doubly linked list, self._items. A
    dictionary, self._map, is also maintained and stores an ordered list of
    linked list node references, one for each value associated with that key.

    Standard dict methods interact with the first value associated with a given
    key. This means that omdict retains method parity with dict, and a dict
    object can be replaced with an omdict object and all interaction will
    behave identically. All dict methods that retain parity with omdict are:

      get(), setdefault(), pop(), popitem(),
      clear(), copy(), update(), fromkeys(), len()
      __getitem__(), __setitem__(), __delitem__(), __contains__(),
      items(), keys(), values(), iteritems(), iterkeys(), itervalues(),

    Optional parameters have been added to some dict methods, but because the
    added parameters are optional, existing use remains unaffected. An optional
    <key> parameter has been added to these methods:

      items(), values(), iteritems(), itervalues()

    New methods have also been added to omdict. Methods with 'list' in their
    name interact with lists of values, and methods with 'all' in their name
    interact with all items in the dictionary, including multiple items with
    the same key.

    The new omdict methods are:

      load(), size(), reverse(),
      getlist(), add(), addlist(), set(), setlist(), setdefaultlist(),
      poplist(), popvalue(), popvalues(), popitem(), poplistitem(),
      allitems(), allkeys(), allvalues(), lists(), listitems(),
      iterallitems(), iterallkeys(), iterallvalues(), iterlists(),
        iterlistitems()

    Explanations and examples of the new methods above can be found in the
    function comments below and online at

      https://github.com/gruns/orderedmultidict

    Additional omdict information and documentation can also be found at the
    above url.
    """

    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        # Doubly linked list of itemnodes. Each itemnode stores a key:value
        # item.
        self._items = itemlist()

        # Ordered dictionary of keys and itemnode references. Each itemnode
        # reference points to one of that keys values.
        self._map = odict()

        self.load(*args, **kwargs)

    def load(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Clear all existing key:value items and import all key:value items from
        <mapping>. If multiple values exist for the same key in <mapping>, they
        are all be imported.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.load([(4,4), (4,44), (5,5)])
          omd.allitems() == [(4,4), (4,44), (5,5)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        self.clear()
        self.updateall(*args, **kwargs)
        return self

    def copy(self):
        return self.__class__(self.allitems())

    def clear(self):
        self._map.clear()
        self._items.clear()

    def size(self):
        """
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.size() == 5

        Returns: Total number of items, including multiple items with the same
        key.
        """
        return len(self._items)

    @classmethod
    def fromkeys(cls, iterable, value=None):
        return cls([(key, value) for key in iterable])

    def has_key(self, key):
        return key in self

    def update(self, *args, **kwargs):
        self._update_updateall(True, *args, **kwargs)

    def updateall(self, *args, **kwargs):
        """
        Update this dictionary with the items from <mapping>, replacing
        existing key:value items with shared keys before adding new key:value
        items.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (2,2)])
          omd.updateall([(2,'two'), (1,'one'), (2,222), (1,111)])
          omd.allitems() == [(1, 'one'), (2, 'two'), (2, 222), (1, 111)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        self._update_updateall(False, *args, **kwargs)
        return self

    def _update_updateall(self, replace_at_most_one, *args, **kwargs):
        # Bin the items in <args> and <kwargs> into <replacements> or
        # <leftovers>. Items in <replacements> are new values to replace old
        # values for a given key, and items in <leftovers> are new items to be
        # added.
        replacements, leftovers = dict(), []
        for mapping in chain(args, [kwargs]):
            self._bin_update_items(
                self._items_iterator(mapping), replace_at_most_one,
                replacements, leftovers)

        # First, replace existing values for each key.
        for key, values in six.iteritems(replacements):
            self.setlist(key, values)
        # Then, add the leftover items to the end of the list of all items.
        for key, value in leftovers:
            self.add(key, value)

    def _bin_update_items(self, items, replace_at_most_one,
                          replacements, leftovers):
        """
        <replacements and <leftovers> are modified directly, ala pass by
        reference.
        """
        for key, value in items:
            # If there are existing items with key <key> that have yet to be
            # marked for replacement, mark that item's value to be replaced by
            # <value> by appending it to <replacements>.
            if key in self and key not in replacements:
                replacements[key] = [value]
            elif (key in self and not replace_at_most_one and
                  len(replacements[key]) < len(self.values(key))):
                replacements[key].append(value)
            else:
                if replace_at_most_one:
                    replacements[key] = [value]
                else:
                    leftovers.append((key, value))

    def _items_iterator(self, container):
        cont = container
        iterator = iter(cont)
        if callable_attr(cont, 'iterallitems'):
            iterator = cont.iterallitems()
        elif callable_attr(cont, 'allitems'):
            iterator = iter(cont.allitems())
        elif callable_attr(cont, 'iteritems'):
            iterator = cont.iteritems()
        elif callable_attr(cont, 'items'):
            iterator = iter(cont.items())
        return iterator

    def get(self, key, default=None):
        if key in self:
            return self._map[key][0].value
        return default

    def getlist(self, key, default=[]):
        """
        Returns: The list of values for <key> if <key> is in the dictionary,
        else <default>. If <default> is not provided, an empty list is
        returned.
        """
        if key in self:
            return [node.value for node in self._map[key]]
        return default

    def setdefault(self, key, default=None):
        if key in self:
            return self[key]
        self.add(key, default)
        return default

    def setdefaultlist(self, key, defaultlist=[None]):
        """
        Similar to setdefault() except <defaultlist> is a list of values to set
        for <key>. If <key> already exists, its existing list of values is
        returned.

        If <key> isn't a key and <defaultlist> is an empty list, [], no values
        are added for <key> and <key> will not be added as a key.

        Returns: List of <key>'s values if <key> exists in the dictionary,
        otherwise <default>.
        """
        if key in self:
            return self.getlist(key)
        self.addlist(key, defaultlist)
        return defaultlist

    def add(self, key, value=None):
        """
        Add <value> to the list of values for <key>. If <key> is not in the
        dictionary, then <value> is added as the sole value for <key>.

        Example:
          omd = omdict()
          omd.add(1, 1)  # omd.allitems() == [(1,1)]
          omd.add(1, 11) # omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,11)]
          omd.add(2, 2)  # omd.allitems() == [(1,1), (1,11), (2,2)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        self._map.setdefault(key, [])
        node = self._items.append(key, value)
        self._map[key].append(node)
        return self

    def addlist(self, key, valuelist=[]):
        """
        Add the values in <valuelist> to the list of values for <key>. If <key>
        is not in the dictionary, the values in <valuelist> become the values
        for <key>.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1)])
          omd.addlist(1, [11, 111])
          omd.allitems() == [(1, 1), (1, 11), (1, 111)]
          omd.addlist(2, [2])
          omd.allitems() == [(1, 1), (1, 11), (1, 111), (2, 2)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        for value in valuelist:
            self.add(key, value)
        return self

    def set(self, key, value=None):
        """
        Sets <key>'s value to <value>. Identical in function to __setitem__().

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        self[key] = value
        return self

    def setlist(self, key, values):
        """
        Sets <key>'s list of values to <values>. Existing items with key <key>
        are first replaced with new values from <values>. Any remaining old
        items that haven't been replaced with new values are deleted, and any
        new values from <values> that don't have corresponding items with <key>
        to replace are appended to the end of the list of all items.

        If values is an empty list, [], <key> is deleted, equivalent in action
        to del self[<key>].

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (2,2)])
          omd.setlist(1, [11, 111])
          omd.allitems() == [(1,11), (2,2), (1,111)]

          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (2,2), (1,111)])
          omd.setlist(1, [None])
          omd.allitems() == [(1,None), (2,2)]

          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (2,2), (1,111)])
          omd.setlist(1, [])
          omd.allitems() == [(2,2)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        if not values and key in self:
            self.pop(key)
        else:
            it = zip_longest(
                list(self._map.get(key, [])), values, fillvalue=_absent)
            for node, value in it:
                if node is not _absent and value is not _absent:
                    node.value = value
                elif node is _absent:
                    self.add(key, value)
                elif value is _absent:
                    self._map[key].remove(node)
                    self._items.removenode(node)
        return self

    def removevalues(self, key, values):
        """
        Removes all <values> from the values of <key>. If <key> has no
        remaining values after removevalues(), the key is popped.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1, 1), (1, 11), (1, 1), (1, 111)])
          omd.removevalues(1, [1, 111])
          omd.allitems() == [(1, 11)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        self.setlist(key, [v for v in self.getlist(key) if v not in values])
        return self

    def pop(self, key, default=_absent):
        if key in self:
            return self.poplist(key)[0]
        elif key not in self._map and default is not _absent:
            return default
        raise KeyError(key)

    def poplist(self, key, default=_absent):
        """
        If <key> is in the dictionary, pop it and return its list of values. If
        <key> is not in the dictionary, return <default>. KeyError is raised if
        <default> is not provided and <key> is not in the dictionary.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.poplist(1) == [1, 11, 111]
          omd.allitems() == [(2,2), (3,3)]
          omd.poplist(2) == [2]
          omd.allitems() == [(3,3)]

        Raises: KeyError if <key> isn't in the dictionary and <default> isn't
          provided.
        Returns: List of <key>'s values.
        """
        if key in self:
            values = self.getlist(key)
            del self._map[key]
            for node, nodekey, nodevalue in self._items:
                if nodekey == key:
                    self._items.removenode(node)
            return values
        elif key not in self._map and default is not _absent:
            return default
        raise KeyError(key)

    def popvalue(self, key, value=_absent, default=_absent, last=True):
        """
        If <value> is provided, pops the first or last (key,value) item in the
        dictionary if <key> is in the dictionary.

        If <value> is not provided, pops the first or last value for <key> if
        <key> is in the dictionary.

        If <key> no longer has any values after a popvalue() call, <key> is
        removed from the dictionary. If <key> isn't in the dictionary and
        <default> was provided, return default. KeyError is raised if <default>
        is not provided and <key> is not in the dictionary. ValueError is
        raised if <value> is provided but isn't a value for <key>.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3), (2,22)])
          omd.popvalue(1) == 111
          omd.allitems() == [(1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3), (2,22)]
          omd.popvalue(1, last=False) == 1
          omd.allitems() == [(1,11), (2,2), (3,3), (2,22)]
          omd.popvalue(2, 2) == 2
          omd.allitems() == [(1,11), (3,3), (2,22)]
          omd.popvalue(1, 11) == 11
          omd.allitems() == [(3,3), (2,22)]
          omd.popvalue('not a key', default='sup') == 'sup'

        Params:
          last: Boolean whether to return <key>'s first value (<last> is False)
            or last value (<last> is True).
        Raises:
          KeyError if <key> isn't in the dictionary and <default> isn't
            provided.
          ValueError if <value> isn't a value for <key>.
        Returns: The first or last of <key>'s values.
        """
        def pop_node_with_index(key, index):
            node = self._map[key].pop(index)
            if not self._map[key]:
                del self._map[key]
            self._items.removenode(node)
            return node

        if key in self:
            if value is not _absent:
                if last:
                    pos = self.values(key)[::-1].index(value)
                else:
                    pos = self.values(key).index(value)
                if pos == -1:
                    raise ValueError(value)
                else:
                    index = (len(self.values(key)) - 1 - pos) if last else pos
                    return pop_node_with_index(key, index).value
            else:
                return pop_node_with_index(key, -1 if last else 0).value
        elif key not in self._map and default is not _absent:
            return default
        raise KeyError(key)

    def popitem(self, fromall=False, last=True):
        """
        Pop and return a key:value item.

        If <fromall> is False, items()[0] is popped if <last> is False or
        items()[-1] is popped if <last> is True. All remaining items with the
        same key are removed.

        If <fromall> is True, allitems()[0] is popped if <last> is False or
        allitems()[-1] is popped if <last> is True. Any remaining items with
        the same key remain.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.popitem() == (3,3)
          omd.popitem(fromall=False, last=False) == (1,1)
          omd.popitem(fromall=False, last=False) == (2,2)

          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.popitem(fromall=True, last=False) == (1,1)
          omd.popitem(fromall=True, last=False) == (1,11)
          omd.popitem(fromall=True, last=True) == (3,3)
          omd.popitem(fromall=True, last=False) == (1,111)

        Params:
          fromall: Whether to pop an item from items() (<fromall> is True) or
            allitems() (<fromall> is False).
          last: Boolean whether to pop the first item or last item of items()
            or allitems().
        Raises: KeyError if the dictionary is empty.
        Returns: The first or last item from item() or allitem().
        """
        if not self._items:
            raise KeyError('popitem(): %s is empty' % self.__class__.__name__)

        if fromall:
            node = self._items[-1 if last else 0]
            key = node.key
            return key, self.popvalue(key, last=last)
        else:
            key = list(self._map.keys())[-1 if last else 0]
            return key, self.pop(key)

    def poplistitem(self, last=True):
        """
        Pop and return a key:valuelist item comprised of a key and that key's
        list of values. If <last> is False, a key:valuelist item comprised of
        keys()[0] and its list of values is popped and returned. If <last> is
        True, a key:valuelist item comprised of keys()[-1] and its list of
        values is popped and returned.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.poplistitem(last=True) == (3,[3])
          omd.poplistitem(last=False) == (1,[1,11,111])

        Params:
          last: Boolean whether to pop the first or last key and its associated
            list of values.
        Raises: KeyError if the dictionary is empty.
        Returns: A two-tuple comprised of the first or last key and its
          associated list of values.
        """
        if not self._items:
            s = 'poplistitem(): %s is empty' % self.__class__.__name__
            raise KeyError(s)

        key = self.keys()[-1 if last else 0]
        return key, self.poplist(key)

    def items(self, key=_absent):
        """
        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and not in the dictionary.
        Returns: List created from iteritems(<key>). Only items with key <key>
          are returned if <key> is provided and is a dictionary key.
        """
        return list(self.iteritems(key))

    def keys(self):
        return list(self.iterkeys())

    def values(self, key=_absent):
        """
        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and not in the dictionary.
        Returns: List created from itervalues(<key>).If <key> is provided and
          is a dictionary key, only values of items with key <key> are
          returned.
        """
        if key is not _absent and key in self._map:
            return self.getlist(key)
        return list(self.itervalues())

    def lists(self):
        """
        Returns: List created from iterlists().
        """
        return list(self.iterlists())

    def listitems(self):
        """
        Returns: List created from iterlistitems().
        """
        return list(self.iterlistitems())

    def iteritems(self, key=_absent):
        """
        Parity with dict.iteritems() except the optional <key> parameter has
        been added. If <key> is provided, only items with the provided key are
        iterated over. KeyError is raised if <key> is provided and not in the
        dictionary.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.iteritems(1) -> (1,1) -> (1,11) -> (1,111)
          omd.iteritems() -> (1,1) -> (2,2) -> (3,3)

        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and not in the dictionary.
        Returns: An iterator over the items() of the dictionary, or only items
          with the key <key> if <key> is provided.
        """
        if key is not _absent:
            if key in self:
                items = [(node.key, node.value) for node in self._map[key]]
                return iter(items)
            raise KeyError(key)
        items = six.iteritems(self._map)
        return iter((key, nodes[0].value) for (key, nodes) in items)

    def iterkeys(self):
        return six.iterkeys(self._map)

    def itervalues(self, key=_absent):
        """
        Parity with dict.itervalues() except the optional <key> parameter has
        been added. If <key> is provided, only values from items with the
        provided key are iterated over. KeyError is raised if <key> is provided
        and not in the dictionary.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.itervalues(1) -> 1 -> 11 -> 111
          omd.itervalues() -> 1 -> 11 -> 111 -> 2 -> 3

        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and isn't in the dictionary.
        Returns: An iterator over the values() of the dictionary, or only the
          values of key <key> if <key> is provided.
        """
        if key is not _absent:
            if key in self:
                return iter([node.value for node in self._map[key]])
            raise KeyError(key)
        return iter([nodes[0].value for nodes in six.itervalues(self._map)])

    def allitems(self, key=_absent):
        '''
        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and not in the dictionary.
        Returns: List created from iterallitems(<key>).
        '''
        return list(self.iterallitems(key))

    def allkeys(self):
        '''
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.allkeys() == [1,1,1,2,3]

        Returns: List created from iterallkeys().
        '''
        return list(self.iterallkeys())

    def allvalues(self, key=_absent):
        '''
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.allvalues() == [1,11,111,2,3]
          omd.allvalues(1) == [1,11,111]

        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and not in the dictionary.
        Returns: List created from iterallvalues(<key>).
        '''
        return list(self.iterallvalues(key))

    def iterallitems(self, key=_absent):
        '''
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.iterallitems() == (1,1) -> (1,11) -> (1,111) -> (2,2) -> (3,3)
          omd.iterallitems(1) == (1,1) -> (1,11) -> (1,111)

        Raises: KeyError if <key> is provided and not in the dictionary.
        Returns: An iterator over every item in the diciontary. If <key> is
          provided, only items with the key <key> are iterated over.
        '''
        if key is not _absent:
            # Raises KeyError if <key> is not in self._map.
            return self.iteritems(key)
        return self._items.iteritems()

    def iterallkeys(self):
        '''
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.iterallkeys() == 1 -> 1 -> 1 -> 2 -> 3

        Returns: An iterator over the keys of every item in the dictionary.
        '''
        return self._items.iterkeys()

    def iterallvalues(self, key=_absent):
        '''
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.iterallvalues() == 1 -> 11 -> 111 -> 2 -> 3

        Returns: An iterator over the values of every item in the dictionary.
        '''
        if key is not _absent:
            if key in self:
                return iter(self.getlist(key))
            raise KeyError(key)
        return self._items.itervalues()

    def iterlists(self):
        '''
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.iterlists() -> [1,11,111] -> [2] -> [3]

        Returns: An iterator over the list comprised of the lists of values for
        each key.
        '''
        return map(lambda key: self.getlist(key), self)

    def iterlistitems(self):
        """
        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.iterlistitems() -> (1,[1,11,111]) -> (2,[2]) -> (3,[3])

        Returns: An iterator over the list of key:valuelist items.
        """
        return map(lambda key: (key, self.getlist(key)), self)

    def reverse(self):
        """
        Reverse the order of all items in the dictionary.

        Example:
          omd = omdict([(1,1), (1,11), (1,111), (2,2), (3,3)])
          omd.reverse()
          omd.allitems() == [(3,3), (2,2), (1,111), (1,11), (1,1)]

        Returns: <self>.
        """
        for key in six.iterkeys(self._map):
            self._map[key].reverse()
        self._items.reverse()
        return self

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if callable_attr(other, 'iterallitems'):
            myiter, otheriter = self.iterallitems(), other.iterallitems()
            for i1, i2 in zip_longest(myiter, otheriter, fillvalue=_absent):
                if i1 != i2 or i1 is _absent or i2 is _absent:
                    return False
        elif not hasattr(other, '__len__') or not hasattr(other, _items_attr):
            return False
        # Ignore order so we can compare ordered omdicts with unordered dicts.
        else:
            if len(self) != len(other):
                return False
            for key, value in six.iteritems(other):
                if self.get(key, _absent) != value:
                    return False
        return True

    def __ne__(self, other):
        return not self.__eq__(other)

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self._map)

    def __iter__(self):
        for key in self.iterkeys():
            yield key

    def __contains__(self, key):
        return key in self._map

    def __getitem__(self, key):
        if key in self:
            return self.get(key)
        raise KeyError(key)

    def __setitem__(self, key, value):
        self.setlist(key, [value])

    def __delitem__(self, key):
        return self.pop(key)

    def __nonzero__(self):
        return bool(self._map)

    def __str__(self):
        return '{%s}' % ', '.join(
            map(lambda p: '%r: %r' % (p[0], p[1]), self.iterallitems()))

    def __repr__(self):
        return '%s(%s)' % (self.__class__.__name__, self.allitems())

    def __or__(self, other):
        return self.__class__(chain(_get_items(self), _get_items(other)))

    def __ior__(self, other):
        for k, v in _get_items(other):
            self.add(k, value=v)
        return self


def _get_items(mapping):
    """Find item iterator for an object."""
    names = ('iterallitems', 'allitems', 'iteritems', 'items')
    exist = (n for n in names if callable_attr(mapping, n))
    for a in exist:
        return getattr(mapping, a)()
    raise TypeError(
        "Object {} has no compatible items interface.".format(mapping))
