#cython: profile=False
#@PydevCodeAnalysisIgnore
# Copyright 2004-2020 Tom Rothamel <pytom@bishoujo.us>
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person
# obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files
# (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction,
# including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge,
# publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software,
# and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so,
# subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
# included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
# EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
# MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
# NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
# LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
# OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
# WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

from __future__ import print_function

DEF ANGLE = False

from libc.stdlib cimport malloc, free
from sdl2 cimport *
from renpy.uguu.gl cimport *
import renpy.uguu.angle

from pygame_sdl2 cimport *
import_pygame_sdl2()

import renpy
import pygame_sdl2 as pygame
from pygame_sdl2 import Surface

import os
import os.path
import weakref
import array
import time
import math
import random

import renpy.uguu.gl as uguugl

cimport renpy.display.render as render
from renpy.display.render cimport Render
from renpy.display.matrix cimport Matrix

cimport renpy.gl2.gl2texture as gl2texture

from renpy.gl2.gl2mesh cimport Mesh
from renpy.gl2.gl2mesh3 cimport Mesh3
from renpy.gl2.gl2polygon cimport Polygon
from renpy.gl2.gl2model cimport Model

from renpy.gl2.gl2texture import Texture, TextureLoader
from renpy.gl2.gl2shadercache import ShaderCache

# Cache various externals, so we can use them more efficiently.
cdef int DISSOLVE, IMAGEDISSOLVE, PIXELLATE
DISSOLVE = renpy.display.render.DISSOLVE
IMAGEDISSOLVE = renpy.display.render.IMAGEDISSOLVE
PIXELLATE = renpy.display.render.PIXELLATE

cdef object IDENTITY
IDENTITY = renpy.display.render.IDENTITY

# Should we try to vsync?
vsync = True

# A list of frame end times, used for the same purpose.
frame_times = [ ]

cdef class GL2Draw:

    def __init__(self, name):

        # Are we in gles mode?
        self.gles = (name == "gles2") or (name == "angle2")

        # How about angle mode?
        self.angle = (name == "angle2")

        # The screen.
        self.window = None

        # The virtual size of the screen, as requested by the game.
        self.virtual_size = None

        # The physical size of the window we got.
        self.physical_size = None

        # This is used to cache the surface->texture operation.
        self.texture_cache = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary()

        # The time of the last redraw.
        self.last_redraw_time = 0

        # The time between redraws.
        self.redraw_period = .2

        # Info.
        self.info = { "resizable" : True, "additive" : True, "renderer" : name, "models" : True }

        # We don't use a fullscreen surface, so this needs to be set
        # to None at all times.
        self.fullscreen_surface = None

        # The display info, from pygame.
        self.display_info = None

        # The DPI scale factor.
        self.dpi_scale = renpy.display.interface.dpi_scale

        # The number of frames to draw fast if the screen needs to be
        # updated.
        self.fast_redraw_frames = 0

        # The shader cache,
        self.shader_cache = None

    def get_texture_size(self):
        """
        Returns the amount of memory locked up in textures.
        """

        if self.texture_loader is None:
            return 0, 0

        return self.texture_loader.get_texture_size()

    def select_physical_size(self, physical_size):
        """
        *Internal* Determines the 'best' physical size to use, and returns
        it.
        """

        # Are we maximized?
        old_surface = pygame.display.get_surface()
        if old_surface is not None:
            maximized = old_surface.get_flags() & pygame.WINDOW_MAXIMIZED
        else:
            maximized = False

        # Information about the virtual size.
        vwidth, vheight = self.virtual_size
        virtual_ar = 1.0 * vwidth / vheight

        # The requested size.
        pwidth, pheight = physical_size

        if pwidth is None:
            pwidth = vwidth
            pheight = vheight

        # If a DPI scale is present, take it into account.
        pwidth *= self.dpi_scale
        pheight *= self.dpi_scale

        # Determine the visible area of the screen.
        info = renpy.display.get_info()

        visible_w = info.current_w
        visible_h = info.current_h

        if renpy.windows and renpy.windows <= (6, 1):
            visible_h -= 102

        # Determine the visible area of the current head.
        bounds = pygame.display.get_display_bounds(0)

        renpy.display.log.write("primary display bounds: %r", bounds)

        head_w = bounds[2] - 102
        head_h = bounds[3] - 102

        # Figure out the default window size.
        bound_w = min(visible_w, head_w)
        bound_h = min(visible_h, head_h)

        self.info["max_window_size"] = (
            int(round(min(bound_h * virtual_ar, bound_w))),
            int(round(min(bound_w / virtual_ar, bound_h))),
            )

        if (not renpy.mobile) and (not maximized):

            # Limit to the visible area
            pwidth = min(visible_w, pwidth)
            pheight = min(visible_h, pheight)

            pwidth = min(pwidth, head_w)
            pheight = min(pheight, head_h)

            # Has to be a one-liner as the two values depend on each other.
            pwidth, pheight = min(pheight * virtual_ar, pwidth), min(pwidth / virtual_ar, pheight)

        # Limit to integers.
        pwidth = int(round(pwidth))
        pheight = int(round(pheight))

        # Keep a minimum size.
        pwidth = max(pwidth, 256)
        pheight = max(pheight, 256)

        return pwidth, pheight

    def select_framerate(self):
        """
        *Internal*
        This selects the framerate to use, the GL swap interval, and various
        other framerate-related intervals and parameters.
        """

        global vsync

        info = renpy.display.get_info()

        target_framerate = renpy.game.preferences.gl_framerate
        refresh_rate = info.refresh_rate

        if not refresh_rate:
            refresh_rate = 60

        if target_framerate is None:
            sync_frames = 1
        else:
            sync_frames = int(round(1.0 * refresh_rate) / target_framerate)
            if sync_frames < 1:
                sync_frames = 1

        if renpy.game.preferences.gl_tearing:
            sync_frames = -sync_frames

        vsync = int(os.environ.get("RENPY_GL_VSYNC", sync_frames))

        renpy.display.interface.frame_duration = 1.0 * abs(vsync) / refresh_rate

        renpy.display.log.write("swap interval: %r frames", vsync)

    def select_gl_attributes(self, gles):
        """
        *Internal*
        Selects the GL attributes and hints to use.
        """

        pygame.display.gl_reset_attributes()

        pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_RED_SIZE, 8)
        pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_GREEN_SIZE, 8)
        pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_BLUE_SIZE, 8)
        pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_ALPHA_SIZE, 8)

        if renpy.config.depth_size:
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_DEPTH_SIZE, renpy.config.depth_size)

        pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_SWAP_CONTROL, vsync)

        if gles:
            pygame.display.hint("SDL_OPENGL_ES_DRIVER", "1")
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 3);
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 0);
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, pygame.GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_ES)
        else:
            pygame.display.hint("SDL_OPENGL_ES_DRIVER", "0")
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION, 2);
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION, 1);
            pygame.display.gl_set_attribute(pygame.GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK, pygame.GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_COMPATIBILITY)

    def init(self, virtual_size):
        """
        This changes the video mode. It also initializes OpenGL, if it
        can. It returns True if it was successful, or False if OpenGL isn't
        working for some reason.
        """

        self.virtual_size = virtual_size
        vwidth, vheight = virtual_size

        global vsync

        if not renpy.config.gl_enable:
            renpy.display.log.write("GL Disabled.")
            return False

        if renpy.mobile or renpy.game.preferences.physical_size is None: # @UndefinedVariable
            physical_size = (None, None)
        else:
            physical_size = renpy.game.preferences.physical_size

        pwidth, pheight = self.select_physical_size(physical_size)

        if renpy.android or renpy.ios:
            fullscreen = True
        else:
            fullscreen = renpy.game.preferences.fullscreen

        renpy.display.log.write("")

        # Handle swap control.
        target_framerate = renpy.game.preferences.gl_framerate
        refresh_rate = renpy.display.get_info().refresh_rate

        if not refresh_rate:
            refresh_rate = 60

        if target_framerate is None:
            sync_frames = 1
        else:
            sync_frames = int(round(1.0 * refresh_rate) / target_framerate)
            if sync_frames < 1:
                sync_frames = 1

        if renpy.game.preferences.gl_tearing:
            sync_frames = -sync_frames

        vsync = int(os.environ.get("RENPY_GL_VSYNC", sync_frames))

        renpy.display.interface.frame_duration = 1.0 * abs(vsync) / refresh_rate

        renpy.display.log.write("swap interval: %r frames", vsync)

        # Angle or GL?
        if self.angle:
            renpy.uguu.angle.load_angle()
        else:
            renpy.uguu.angle.load_gl()

        # Determine the GLES mode, the actual window size to request, and the
        # window flags to use. (These are platform dependent.)
        gles = self.gles
        window_flags = pygame.OPENGL | pygame.DOUBLEBUF

        if renpy.android:
            pwidth = 0
            pheight = 0
            gles = True

        elif renpy.ios:
            window_flags |= pygame.WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI | pygame.RESIZABLE
            pwidth = 0
            pheight = 0
            gles = True

        else:
            if self.dpi_scale == 1.0:
                window_flags |= pygame.WINDOW_ALLOW_HIGHDPI

            if renpy.config.gl_resize:
                window_flags |= pygame.RESIZABLE

        # Select the GL attributes and hints.
        self.select_gl_attributes(gles)

        # Opens the window.
        #
        # If we're in fullscreen, tries to get a fullscreen window. If that fails,
        # or fullscreen is False, tries to open a normal window.

        self.window = None

        if (self.window is None) and fullscreen:
            try:
                renpy.display.log.write("Fullscreen mode.")
                self.window = pygame.display.set_mode((0, 0), pygame.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP | window_flags)
            except pygame.error as e:
                renpy.display.log.write("Opening in fullscreen failed: %r", e)
                self.window = None

        if self.window is None:
            try:
                renpy.display.log.write("Windowed mode.")
                self.window = pygame.display.set_mode((pwidth, pheight), window_flags)

            except pygame.error as e:
                renpy.display.log.write("Could not get pygame screen: %r", e)
                return False

        # Initialize OpenGL.

        # Load uguu, and init GL.
        uguugl.load()

        # Log the GL version.
        renderer = <char *> glGetString(GL_RENDERER)
        version = <char *> glGetString(GL_VERSION)

        renpy.display.log.write("Vendor: %r", str(<char *> glGetString(GL_VENDOR)))
        renpy.display.log.write("Renderer: %r", renderer)
        renpy.display.log.write("Version: %r", version)
        renpy.display.log.write("Display Info: %s", self.display_info)

        extensions_string = <char *> glGetString(GL_EXTENSIONS)
        extensions = set(extensions_string.split(" "))

        renpy.display.log.write("Extensions:")

        for i in sorted(extensions):
            renpy.display.log.write("    %s", i)

        # Do additional setup needed.
        renpy.display.pgrender.set_rgba_masks()

        if renpy.android or renpy.ios:
            self.redraw_period = 1.0

        elif renpy.emscripten:
            # give back control to browser regularly
            self.redraw_period = 0.1

        self.shader_cache = ShaderCache("cache/shaders.txt", self.gles)
        self.shader_cache.load()

        # Initialize the texture loader.
        self.texture_loader = TextureLoader(self)

        self.on_resize(first=True)

        return True

    def on_resize(self, first=False):

        if not first:
            self.quit_fbo()
            self.shader_cache.clear()

        if renpy.android or renpy.ios:
            pygame.display.get_window().recreate_gl_context()

        # Are we in fullscreen mode?
        fullscreen = bool(pygame.display.get_window().get_window_flags() & (pygame.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP | pygame.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN))

        # Get the size of the created screen.
        pwidth, pheight = renpy.display.core.get_size()

        renpy.game.preferences.fullscreen = fullscreen
        renpy.game.interface.fullscreen = fullscreen

        if not fullscreen:
            renpy.game.preferences.physical_size = pwidth, pheight

        vwidth, vheight = self.virtual_size

        self.physical_size = (pwidth, pheight)
        self.drawable_size = pygame.display.get_drawable_size()

        renpy.display.log.write("Screen sizes: virtual=%r physical=%r drawable=%r" % (self.virtual_size, self.physical_size, self.drawable_size))

        if renpy.config.adjust_view_size is not None:
            view_width, view_height = renpy.config.adjust_view_size(pwidth, pheight)
        else:

            # Figure out the virtual box, which includes padding around
            # the borders.
            physical_ar = 1.0 * pwidth / pheight

            ratio = min(1.0 * pwidth / vwidth, 1.0 * pheight / vheight)

            view_width = max(int(vwidth * ratio), 1)
            view_height = max(int(vheight * ratio), 1)

        px_padding = pwidth - view_width
        py_padding = pheight - view_height

        x_padding = px_padding * vwidth / view_width
        y_padding = py_padding * vheight / view_height

        # The position of the physical screen, in virtual pixels
        # (x, y, w, h). Since the physical screen will always contain
        # the virtual screen, the corners are often off the virtual
        # screen.
        self.virtual_box = (
            -x_padding / 2.0,
            -y_padding / 2.0,
             vwidth + x_padding,
             vheight + y_padding)

        # The location of the virtual screen on the physical screen, in
        # physical pixels.
        self.physical_box = (
            px_padding / 2,
            py_padding / 2,
            pwidth - px_padding,
            pheight - py_padding,
            )

        # The scaling factor of physical_pixels to drawable pixels.
        self.draw_per_phys = 1.0 * self.drawable_size[0] / self.physical_size[0]

        # The location of the viewport, in drawable pixels.
        self.drawable_viewport = tuple(i * self.draw_per_phys for i in self.physical_box)

        dwidth = self.drawable_viewport[2]
        dheight = self.drawable_viewport[3]

        # How many drawable pixels there are per virtual pixel?
        self.draw_per_virt = 1.0 * self.drawable_viewport[2] / vwidth

        # Matrices that transform from virtual space to drawable space, and vice versa.
        self.virt_to_draw = Matrix2D(1.0 * dwidth / vwidth, 0, 0, 1.0 * dheight / vheight)
        self.draw_to_virt = Matrix2D(1.0 * vwidth / dwidth, 0, 0, 1.0 * vheight / dheight)

        self.draw_transform = Matrix.cscreen_projection(self.drawable_viewport[2], self.drawable_viewport[3])

        self.init_fbo()
        self.texture_loader.init()


    def resize(self):
        """
        Documented in renderer.
        """

        fullscreen = renpy.game.preferences.fullscreen

        if renpy.android or renpy.ios:
            fullscreen = True

        if renpy.game.preferences.physical_size:
            width = renpy.game.preferences.physical_size[0] or self.virtual_size[0]
            height = renpy.game.preferences.physical_size[1] or self.virtual_size[1]
        else:
            width = self.virtual_size[0]
            height = self.virtual_size[1]

        max_w, max_h = self.info["max_window_size"]
        width = min(width, max_w)
        height = min(height, max_h)
        width = max(width, 256)
        height = max(height, 256)

        pygame.display.get_window().restore()
        pygame.display.get_window().resize((width, height), opengl=True, fullscreen=fullscreen)

    def update(self, force=False):
        """
        Documented in renderer.
        """

        fullscreen = bool(pygame.display.get_window().get_window_flags() & (pygame.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN_DESKTOP | pygame.WINDOW_FULLSCREEN))

        size = renpy.display.core.get_size()

        if force or (fullscreen != renpy.display.interface.fullscreen) or (size != self.physical_size):
            renpy.display.interface.before_resize()
            self.on_resize()

            return True
        else:
            return False

    def quit(GL2Draw self):
        """
        Called when terminating the use of the OpenGL context.
        """

        self.kill_textures()

        if self.texture_loader is not None:
            self.texture_loader.quit()
            self.texture_loader = None

        self.quit_fbo()

        self.shader_cache.save()


    def init_fbo(GL2Draw self):
        """
        *Internal*
        Create the FBO.
        """

        # Determine the width and height of textures and the renderbuffer.
        cdef GLint max_renderbuffer_size
        cdef GLint max_texture_size

        # Store the default FBO.
        glGetIntegerv(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_BINDING, <GLint *> &self.default_fbo);
        self.current_fbo = self.default_fbo

        # Generate the framebuffer.
        glGenFramebuffers(1, &self.fbo)
        glGenTextures(1, &self.color_texture)

        if renpy.config.depth_size:
            glGenRenderbuffers(1, &self.depth_renderbuffer)

        glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_TEXTURE_SIZE, &max_texture_size)
        glGetIntegerv(GL_MAX_RENDERBUFFER_SIZE, &max_renderbuffer_size)

        # The number of pixels of addiitonal border, so we can load textures with
        # higher pitch.
        BORDER = 64

        width, height = renpy.config.fbo_size

        width = max(self.virtual_size[0] + BORDER, self.drawable_size[0] + BORDER, width)
        width = min(width, max_texture_size, max_renderbuffer_size)
        height = max(self.virtual_size[1] + BORDER, self.drawable_size[1] + BORDER, height)
        height = min(height, max_texture_size, max_renderbuffer_size)

        renpy.display.log.write("Maximum texture size: %dx%d", width, height)

        self.texture_loader.max_texture_width = width
        self.texture_loader.max_texture_height = height

        self.change_fbo(self.fbo)

        glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, self.color_texture)
        glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_RGBA, width, height, 0,  GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, NULL)
        glFramebufferTexture2D(
            GL_FRAMEBUFFER,
            GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0,
            GL_TEXTURE_2D,
            self.color_texture,
            0)

        if renpy.config.depth_size:

            glBindRenderbuffer(GL_RENDERBUFFER, self.depth_renderbuffer)
            glRenderbufferStorage(GL_RENDERBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT, width, height)

            glFramebufferRenderbuffer(
                GL_FRAMEBUFFER,
                GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT,
                GL_RENDERBUFFER,
                self.depth_renderbuffer)

    def quit_fbo(GL2Draw self):

        self.change_fbo(self.default_fbo)

        glDeleteFramebuffers(1, &self.fbo)
        glDeleteTextures(1, &self.color_texture)

        if renpy.config.depth_size:
            glDeleteRenderbuffers(1, &self.depth_renderbuffer)


    def can_block(self):
        """
        Returns True if we can block to wait for input, False if the screen
        needs to be immediately redrawn.
        """

        powersave = renpy.game.preferences.gl_powersave

        if not powersave:
            return False

        return not self.fast_redraw_frames

    def should_redraw(self, needs_redraw, first_pass, can_block):
        """
        Redraw whenever the screen needs it, but at least once every
        .2 seconds. We rely on VSYNC to slow down our maximum
        draw speed.
        """

        rv = False

        if needs_redraw:
            rv = True
        elif first_pass:
            rv = True

        # Handle fast redraw.
        if rv:
            self.fast_redraw_frames = renpy.config.fast_redraw_frames
        elif self.fast_redraw_frames > 0:
            self.fast_redraw_frames -= 1
            rv = True

        if time.time() > self.last_redraw_time + self.redraw_period:
            rv = True

        # Store the redraw time.
        if rv or (not can_block):
            self.last_redraw_time = time.time()
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def mutated_surface(self, surf):
        if surf in self.texture_cache:
            del self.texture_cache[surf]

    def load_texture(self, surf, transient=False):
        """
        Loads a texture into memory.
        """

        # Turn a surface into a texture grid.
        rv = self.texture_cache.get(surf, None)

        if rv is None:
            rv = self.texture_loader.load_surface(surf)
            self.texture_cache[surf] = rv

        return rv

    def ready_one_texture(self):
        """
        Call from the main thread to make a single texture ready.
        """

        if self.texture_loader is None:
            return False

        return self.texture_loader.ready_one_texture()

    def solid_texture(self, w, h, color):
        """
        Returns a texture that represents a solid color.
        """

        mesh = Mesh3.rectangle(0, 0, w, h)

        a = color[3] / 255.0
        r = a * color[0] / 255.0
        g = a * color[1] / 255.0
        b = a * color[2] / 255.0

        color = (r, g, b, a)

        return Model((w, h), mesh, ("renpy.solid", ), { "u_renpy_solid_color" : color })

    def flip(self):
        """
        Called to flip the screen after it's drawn.
        """

        start = time.time()

        renpy.plog(1, "flip")

        try:
            pygame.display.flip()
        except pygame.error:
            renpy.game.interface.display_reset = True

        end = time.time()

        if vsync:

            # When the window is covered, we can get into a state where no
            # drawing occurs and everything goes fast. Detect that and
            # sleep.

            frame_times.append(end)

            if len(frame_times) > 10:
                frame_times.pop(0)

                # If we're running at over 1000 fps, vsync is broken.
                if (frame_times[-1] - frame_times[0] < .001 * 10):
                    time.sleep(1.0 / 120.0)
                    renpy.plog(1, "after broken vsync sleep")


    def draw_screen(self, render_tree, flip=True):
        """
        Draws the screen.
        """

        # NOTE: This needs to set interface.text_rect as a side effect.

        renpy.plog(1, "start draw_screen")

        if renpy.display.video.fullscreen:
            surf = renpy.display.video.render_movie("movie", self.virtual_size[0], self.virtual_size[1])
        else:
            surf = render_tree

        if surf is None:
            return

        # Compute visible_children.
        surf.is_opaque()

        # Load all the textures and RTTs.
        self.load_all_textures(surf)

        # Switch to the right FBO, and the right viewport.
        self.change_fbo(self.default_fbo)

        # Set up the viewport.
        x, y, w, h = self.drawable_viewport
        glViewport(x, y, w, h)

        # Clear the screen.
        clear_r, clear_g, clear_b = renpy.color.Color(renpy.config.gl_clear_color).rgb
        glClearColor(clear_r, clear_g, clear_b, 1.0)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

        # Project the child from virtual space to the screen space.
        cdef Matrix transform
        transform = Matrix.cscreen_projection(self.virtual_size[0], self.virtual_size[1])

        # Set up the default modes.
        glEnable(GL_BLEND)
        glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)

        # Use the context to draw the surface tree.
        context = GL2DrawingContext(self, w, h)
        context.draw(surf, transform)

        self.flip()

        self.texture_loader.cleanup()

    def load_all_textures(self, what):
        """
        This loads all textures from the surface tree before drawing to
        the actual framebuffer. This is responsible for walking the
        surface tree, and loading framebuffers and texture.
        """

        if isinstance(what, Surface):
            what = self.load_texture(what)
            self.load_all_textures(what)
            return

        if isinstance(what, Model):
            what.load()
            return

        # what is a Render.

        cdef Render r = what

        if r.loaded:
            return

        r.loaded = True

        # Load the child textures.
        for i in r.children:
            self.load_all_textures(i[0])

        # If we have a mesh (or mesh=True), create the Model.
        if r.mesh:

            if (r.mesh is True) and (not r.children):
                return

            uniforms = { }
            if r.uniforms:
                uniforms.update(r.uniforms)

            if r.properties:
                anisotropic = r.properties.get("anisotropic", False)
            else:
                anisotropic = True

            for i, c in enumerate(r.children):
                uniforms["tex" + str(i)] = self.render_to_texture(c[0], anisotropic=anisotropic)

            if r.mesh is True:
                mesh = uniforms["tex0"].mesh
            else:
                mesh = r.mesh

            r.cached_model = Model(
                (r.width, r.height),
                mesh,
                r.shaders,
                uniforms)


    def render_to_texture(self, what, alpha=True, anisotropic=True):
        """
        Renders `what` to a texture. The texture will have the drawable
        size of `what`.
        """

        if isinstance(what, Surface):
            what = self.load_texture(what)
            self.load_all_textures(what)

        if isinstance(what, Texture):
            return what

        if what.cached_texture is not None:
            return what.cached_texture

        rv = self.texture_loader.render_to_texture(what, anisotropic)

        what.cached_texture = rv

        return rv

    def is_pixel_opaque(self, what, x, y):
        """
        Returns true if the pixel is not 100% transparent.
        """

        if x < 0 or y < 0 or x >= what.width or y >= what.height:
            return 0

        what = what.subsurface((x, y, 1, 1))

        # Compute visible_children.
        what.is_opaque()

        # Load all the textures and RTTs.
        self.load_all_textures(what)

        # Switch to the right FBO, and the right viewport.
        self.change_fbo(self.fbo)

        # Set up the viewport.
        glViewport(0, 0, 1, 1)

        # Clear the screen.
        glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0)
        glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT|GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT)

        # Project the child from virtual space to the screen space.
        cdef Matrix transform
        transform = renpy.display.render.IDENTITY
        transform = Matrix.cscreen_projection(1, 1)

        # Set up the default modes.
        glEnable(GL_BLEND)
        glBlendFunc(GL_ONE, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA)

        # Use the context to draw the surface tree.
        context = GL2DrawingContext(self, 1, 1)
        context.draw(what, transform)

        cdef unsigned char pixel[4]
        glReadPixels(0, 0, 1, 1, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pixel)

        return pixel[3]


    def translate_point(self, x, y):
        """
        Translates (x, y) from physical to virtual coordinates.
        """

        # Screen sizes.
        pw, ph = self.physical_size
        vw, vh = self.virtual_size
        vx, vy, vbw, vbh = self.virtual_box

        # Translate to fractional screen.
        x = 1.0 * x / pw
        y = 1.0 * y / ph

        # Translate to virtual size.
        x = vx + vbw * x
        y = vy + vbh * y

        x = int(x)
        y = int(y)

        x = max(0, x)
        x = min(vw, x)
        y = max(0, y)
        y = min(vh, y)

        return x, y

    def untranslate_point(self, x, y):
        """
        Untranslates (x, y) from virtual to physical coordinates.
        """

        # Screen sizes.
        pw, ph = self.physical_size
        vx, vy, vbw, vbh = self.virtual_box

        # Translate from virtual to fractional screen.
        x = ( x - vx ) / vbw
        y = ( y - vy ) / vbh

        # Translate from fractional screen to physical.
        x = x * pw
        y = y * ph

        x = int(x)
        y = int(y)

        return x, y

    def mouse_event(self, ev):
        x, y = getattr(ev, 'pos', pygame.mouse.get_pos())
        return self.translate_point(x, y)

    def get_mouse_pos(self):
        x, y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        return self.translate_point(x, y)

    def set_mouse_pos(self, x, y):
        x, y = self.untranslate_point(x, y)
        pygame.mouse.set_pos([x, y])

    def screenshot(self, render_tree):
        cdef unsigned char *pixels
        cdef SDL_Surface *surf

        cdef unsigned char *raw_pixels
        cdef unsigned char *rpp
        cdef int x, y, pitch

        # A surface the size of the framebuffer.
        full = renpy.display.pgrender.surface_unscaled(self.drawable_size, False)
        surf = PySurface_AsSurface(full)

        # Create an array that can hold densely-packed pixels.
        raw_pixels = <unsigned char *> malloc(surf.w * surf.h * 4)

        # Draw the last screen to the back buffer.
        if render_tree is not None:
            self.draw_screen(render_tree, flip=False)
            glFinish()

        # Read the pixels.
        glReadPixels(
            0,
            0,
            surf.w,
            surf.h,
            GL_RGBA,
            GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE,
            raw_pixels)

        # Copy the pixels from raw_pixels to the surface.
        pixels = <unsigned char *> surf.pixels
        pitch = surf.pitch
        rpp = raw_pixels

        with nogil:
            for y from 0 <= y < surf.h:
                for x from 0 <= x < (surf.w * 4):
                    pixels[x] = rpp[x]

                pixels += pitch
                rpp += surf.w * 4

        free(raw_pixels)

        px, py, pw, ph = self.physical_box
        xmul = self.drawable_size[0] / self.physical_size[0]
        ymul = self.drawable_size[1] / self.physical_size[1]

        # Crop and flip it, since it's upside down.
        rv = full.subsurface((px * xmul, py * ymul, pw * xmul, ph * ymul))
        rv = renpy.display.pgrender.flip_unscaled(rv, False, True)

        return rv

    def kill_textures(self):
        self.texture_cache.clear()
        self.texture_loader.cleanup()

    def event_peek_sleep(self):
        pass

    def get_physical_size(self):
        x, y = self.physical_size

        x = int(x / self.dpi_scale)
        y = int(y / self.dpi_scale)

        return (x, y)

    ############################################################################
    # Everything below this point is an internal detail.

    cdef void change_fbo(self, GLuint fbo):
        if self.current_fbo != fbo:
            glBindFramebuffer(GL_FRAMEBUFFER, fbo)
            self.current_fbo = fbo


cdef class GL2DrawingContext:
    """
    This is an object that represents the state of the GL rendering
    system. It's responsible for walking the tree of Renders and
    TextureMeshes, updating its state as appropriate. When it hits
    a node where drawing is involved, it's responsible for issuing
    the appropriate draw calls to OpenGL, using the saved state.
    """

    # The draw object this context is associated with.
    cdef GL2Draw gl2draw

    # The width and height of what this is drawing to.
    cdef float width
    cdef float height

    cdef bint debug

    def __init__(self, GL2Draw draw, width, height, debug=False):
        self.gl2draw = draw

        self.width = width
        self.height = height

        self.debug = debug

    cdef Matrix correct_pixel_perfect(self, Matrix transform):
        """
        Corrects `transform` so that the (0, 0) pixel is aligned with a
        drawable pixel.
        """

        cdef float halfwidth
        cdef float halfheigh

        # This is the equivalent of projecting (0, 0, 0, 1), and getting x and y.
        cdef float sx = transform.xdw
        cdef float sy = transform.ydw

        halfwidth = self.width / 2.0
        halfheight = self.height / 2.0

        sx, sy = transform.transform(0, 0)

        sx = sx * halfwidth + halfwidth
        sy = sy * halfheight + halfheight

        cdef float xoff = round(sx) - sx
        cdef float yoff = round(sy) - sy

        return Matrix.coffset(xoff / halfwidth, yoff / halfheight, 0) * transform

    def draw_model(self, model, Matrix transform, Polygon clip_polygon, tuple shaders, dict uniforms, dict properties):

        cdef Mesh mesh = model.mesh

        if model.reverse is not IDENTITY:
             transform = transform * model.reverse

        if properties["pixel_perfect"]:
            transform = self.correct_pixel_perfect(transform)

        # If a clip polygon is in place, clip the mesh with it.
        if clip_polygon is not None:

            if model.reverse is not IDENTITY:
                clip_polygon = clip_polygon.multiply_matrix(model.forward)

            mesh = mesh.crop(clip_polygon)

        if model.shaders:
            shaders = shaders + model.shaders

        if self.debug:
            import renpy.gl2.gl2debug as gl2debug
            gl2debug.geometry(mesh, transform)

        program = self.gl2draw.shader_cache.get(shaders)

        program.start()

        program.set_uniform("u_model_size", (model.width, model.height))
        program.set_uniform("u_lod_bias", -1.0)
        program.set_uniform("u_transform", transform)
        program.set_uniform("u_time", (renpy.display.interface.frame_time - renpy.display.interface.init_time) % 86400)
        program.set_uniform("u_random", (random.random(), random.random(), random.random(), random.random()))

        model.program_uniforms(program)

        if uniforms:
            program.set_uniforms(uniforms)

        program.draw(mesh, properties)
        program.finish()

    def draw_one(self, what, Matrix transform, Polygon clip_polygon, tuple shaders, dict uniforms, dict properties):
        """
        This is responsible for walking the surface tree, and drawing any
        Models, Renders, and Surfaces it encounters.

        `transform`
            The matrix that transforms texture space into drawable space.

        `clip_polygon`
            The polygon used to clip children, if known.

        `shaders`
            A tuple giving the shaders to use.

        `uniforms`
            A dictionary of uniforms.

        `properties`
            Various properties that control how things are drawn, that are updated
            and passed to the shader.
        """

        cdef Matrix child_transform
        cdef Polygon child_clip_polygon
        cdef Polygon new_clip_polygon

        if isinstance(what, Surface):
            what = self.gl2draw.load_texture(what)

        if isinstance(what, Model):
            self.draw_model(what, transform, clip_polygon, shaders, uniforms, properties)
            return

        cdef Render r
        r = what

        if r.text_input:
            renpy.display.interface.text_rect = r.screen_rect(0, 0, transform)

        # Handle clipping.
        if (r.xclipping or r.yclipping):
            new_clip_polygon = Polygon.rectangle(0, 0, r.width, r.height)

            if clip_polygon is not None:
                clip_polygon = new_clip_polygon.intersect(clip_polygon)
                if clip_polygon is None:
                    return
            else:
                clip_polygon = new_clip_polygon

        has_reverse = (r.reverse is not None) and (r.reverse is not IDENTITY)

        if has_reverse or r.properties:
            properties = dict(properties)

        if r.properties is not None:
            properties.update(r.properties)

        if has_reverse and (properties["pixel_perfect"] is None):
            properties["pixel_perfect"] = False

        if r.shaders is not None:
            shaders = shaders + r.shaders

        if r.uniforms is not None:
            uniforms = dict(uniforms)

            for k, v in r.uniforms.items():
                if (k in uniforms) and (k in renpy.config.merge_uniforms):
                    uniforms[k] = renpy.config.merge_uniforms[k](uniforms[k], v)
                else:
                    uniforms[k] = v

        children = r.visible_children

        if r.cached_model is not None:
            children = [ (r.cached_model, 0, 0, False, False) ]

        for child, cx, cy, focus, main in children:

            child_transform = transform
            child_clip_polygon = clip_polygon
            child_properties = properties

            if (cx or cy):
                if isinstance(cx, float) and not properties["pixel_perfect"]:
                    child_properties = dict(properties)
                    child_properties["pixel_perfect"] = False

                child_transform = child_transform * Matrix.coffset(cx, cy, 0)

                if child_clip_polygon is not None:
                    child_clip_polygon = child_clip_polygon.multiply_matrix(Matrix.coffset(-cx, -cy, 0))

            if has_reverse:
                child_transform = child_transform * r.reverse

                if child_clip_polygon is not None:
                    child_clip_polygon = child_clip_polygon.multiply_matrix(r.forward)

            self.draw_one(child, child_transform, child_clip_polygon, shaders, uniforms, child_properties)


        return 0


    def draw(self, what, Matrix transform):

        clip_polygon = None
        shaders = ()
        uniforms = {}
        properties = { "pixel_perfect" : None }

        if renpy.config.nearest_neighbor:
            properties["texture_scaling"] = "nearest"

        self.draw_one(what, transform, clip_polygon, shaders, uniforms, properties)



# A set of uniforms that are defined by Ren'Py, and shouldn't be set in ATL.
standard_uniforms = { "u_transform", "u_time", "u_random" }
