nestedap
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## nestedap

nestedap — Three different nested all-pass filters.

## Description

Three different nested all-pass filters, useful for implementing reverbs.

## Syntax

    ares nestedap asig, imode, imaxdel, idel1, igain1 [, idel2] [, igain2] \
          [, idel3] [, igain3] [, istor]

## Initialization

imode -- operating mode of the filter:

- 1 = simple all-pass filter

- 2 = single nested all-pass filter

- 3 = double nested all-pass filter

idel1, idel2, idel3 -- delay times of the filter stages. Delay times are in seconds and must be greater than zero. idel1 must be greater than the sum of idel2 and idel3.

igain1, igain2, igain3 -- gain of the filter stages.

imaxdel -- will be necessary if k-rate delays are implemented. Not currently used.

istor -- Skip initialization if non-zero (default: 0).

## Performance

asig -- input signal

If imode = 1, the filter takes the form:

Picture of imode 1 filter.

If imode = 2, the filter takes the form:

Picture of imode 2 filter.

If imode = 3, the filter takes the form:

Picture of imode 3 filter.

## Examples

Here is an example of the nestedap opcode. It uses the file nestedap.csd, and beats.wav.

Example 643. Example of the nestedap opcode.

See the sections Real-time Audio and Command Line Flags for more information on using command line flags.

    <CsoundSynthesizer>
    <CsOptions>
    ; Select audio/midi flags here according to platform
    ; Audio out   Audio in    No messages
    -odac           -iadc     -d     ;;;RT audio I/O
    ; For Non-realtime ouput leave only the line below:
    ; -o nestedap.wav -W ;;; for file output any platform
    </CsOptions>
    <CsInstruments>

    sr = 44100
    kr = 4410
    ksmps = 10
    nchnls = 2

    instr 5
      insnd     =           p4
      gasig     diskin2     insnd, 1
    endin

    instr 10
      imax      =           1
      idel1     =           p4/1000
      igain1    =           p5
      idel2     =           p6/1000
      igain2    =           p7
      idel3     =           p8/1000
      igain3    =           p9
      idel4     =           p10/1000
      igain4    =           p11
      idel5     =           p12/1000
      igain5    =           p13
      idel6     =           p14/1000
      igain6    =           p15

      afdbk     init 0

      aout1     nestedap gasig+afdbk*.4, 3, imax, idel1, igain1, idel2, igain2, idel3, igain3

      aout2     nestedap aout1, 2, imax, idel4, igain4, idel5, igain5

      aout      nestedap aout2, 1, imax, idel6, igain6

      afdbk     butterlp aout, 1000

                outs gasig+(aout+aout1)/2, gasig-(aout+aout1)/2

    gasig     =           0
    endin

    </CsInstruments>
    <CsScore>

    f1 0 8192 10 1

    ; Diskin
    ;   Sta  Dur  Soundin
    i5  0    3    "beats.wav"

    ; Reverb
    ;   St  Dur  Del1 Gn1  Del2  Gn2  Del3  Gn3  Del4  Gn4  Del5  Gn5  Del6  Gn6
    i10 0   4    97   .11  23   .07   43   .09   72    .2   53    .2   119   .3
    e

    </CsScore>
    </CsoundSynthesizer>

## Credits

Author: Hans Mikelson
February 1999

New in Csound version 3.53

The example was updated May 2002, thanks to Hans Mikelson

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