Intel graphics (正體中文) - ArchWiki

# Intel graphics (正體中文)

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Intel顯示卡及晶片資訊. 在終端機下使用(不使用X視窗)，請參閱Uvesafb.

## 前言

自從 Intel 提供並支援開源驅動後，Intel的顯示卡現在已能隨插即用。

### 模組

一般常把"Intel 945G"和"Intel GMA 945"視為相同的顯示晶片。 實際上，"intel GMA 945"並不存在。Intel使用"GMA"代表繪圖核心，即GPU。 任何不含"GMA"的都是主機板晶片，像"915G","945GM","G45"都屬主機板晶片。

常見的繪圖核心與其對應的主機板晶片如下：

- Intel GMA 900 (910, 915)
- Intel GMA 950 (945)

"i810"(主機板晶片，非GPU)是非常舊的晶片，其製造時間比9xx主機板晶片系列還早。相同的，910, 915, 945晶片的名字可能會在前面加個"i"

列表詳見Intel_GMA表

### 驅動程式

- intel (最新且最佳的)
- intel-legacy (過時的，無法與新的 xorg-server 相容)

強烈建議優先使用較新的驅動程式。

## 安裝

前罝套件： Xorg

執行

    # pacman -S xf86-video-intel

或

    # pacman -S xf86-video-intel-legacy

## 配置

當有安裝 HAL 套件時, 便無須任何的配置即可使用。 更多資訊請參閱Xorg input hotplugging

但請記得把你的使用者加入對應的群組：

    # gpasswd -a username video

## KMS (核心模式設定)

KMS以藉由 i915 DRM 驅動程式來支援Intel的晶片，同時核心版本2.6.32預設為啟用。自xf86-video-intel 2.10版本開始強制啟用 KMS。KMS通常是在核心被啟動(bootstrapped)後才被初始化。但也可以在核心啟動時就啟用 KMS，讓整個開機流程運作在原生(native)解析度之下。

注意：在啟動KMS的狀況下，你必須從/boot/grub/menu.lst的核心命令列中移除任何 "vga=" or "video=" 參數值。

把 /etc/mkinitcpio.conf 的 MODULES="[...]" 中加入 `intel_agp` 和 `i915` 模組：

    MODULES="intel_agp i915"

再重建 initramfs：

    # mkinitcpio -p linux

如果你想要停用 KMS，不需要重建任何東西，只要編輯GRUB的 `/boot/grub/menu.lst` 在kernel的參數列加入 i915.modeset=0. See kernel parameters.

如果你想要停用 KMS 而不需編輯menu.lst，你可以在開機看到grub選單時，按下任何鍵使其停止倒數，在欲修改的選單項目前按"e"去編輯。然後再選取"kernel"列，再壓"e"後加入"i915.modeset=0"。改完之後，按"enter"確認，再按"b"即可以停用KMS方式啟動核心。切記這方法只適用於單次暫時停用KMS，之後再開機KMS仍會設為啟用。需要永久性設為停用請修改`/boot/grub/menu.lst`。

### 其他

- KMS - Arch wiki article on kernel mode setting
- Arch Linux forums: HOWTO: Enable KMS with the stock 2.6.29-ARCH kernel
- Arch Linux forums: Intel 945GM, Xorg, Kernel - performance

## 提示與技巧 (翻譯中)

### Setting scaling mode

This can be useful for some full screen applications.

    xrandr --output LVDS1 --set PANEL_FITTING param

where `param` can be

- `center`: resolution will be kept exactly as defined, no scaling will be made,
- `full`: scale the resolution so it uses the entire screen or
- `full_aspect`: scale the resolution to the maximum possible but keep the aspect ratio.

If it does not work, you can try

    xrandr --output LVDS1 --set "scaling mode" param

where `param` is one of `"Full"`, `"Center"` or `"Full aspect"`.

### Workaround for bug with opening laptop lid

#### Solution #1

On laptops with Intel video chip you can face the issue with not working X display after you close lid to make the machine suspend and than open it back. See bug https://bugs.freedesktop.org/show_bug.cgi?id=24970 for more details.

Here is a way to work it around. The recipe is based on similar one from Fedora "Common bugs" page: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Common_F12_bugs#Display_cannot_be_reactivated_if_it_enters_sleep_mode_with_laptop_lid_closed

註記: This workaround will work only in single-user system, you can make it work for multiple users by adding procedure of checking which user put machine to suspend state.

Install acpid:

`pacman -S acpid`

After that place acpid before hal in DAEMONS section of your `/etc/rc.conf` file.

Than create a file `/etc/acpi/actions/reset-display.sh` with the following contents:

     #!/bin/bash
     PATH="/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin"
     export DISPLAY=:0.0
     sleep 10
     if grep open /proc/acpi/button/lid/LID/state
     then
       su "$(getent passwd $UID | cut -d: -f1)" -c "xrandr --output LVDS1 --off"
       su "$(getent passwd $UID | cut -d: -f1)" -c "xrandr --output LVDS1 --auto"
     fi

where `$UID` is UID of the user who put laptop to suspend mode (you). The main difference from original Fedora method is `sleep` operator usage. Without it the lid button state will not be updated by the moment it checking by `reset-display.sh` script, in some cases smaller delay (for example 3 seconds) will work when running on AC power and will not work with battery power, 10 seconds works always. Do not forget to make the script executable:

     #chmod +x /etc/acpi/actions/reset-display.sh

Than we need to assign the action to LID switch event. Add the following line to `/etc/acpi/handler.sh` file under `button/lid)` code:

     /etc/acpi/actions/reset-display.sh

Now you can reboot your laptop or just restart daemons in the following order:

     #/etc/rc.d/hal stop
     #/etc/rc.d/acpid start
     #/etc/rc.d/hal start

#### Solution #2

An easier, less reliable workaround is to simply re-suspend the computer and wake it again. This will often correct the glitch and return the X desktop to a working state.

### KMS Issue: console is limited to small area

One of the low-resolution video ports may be enabled on boot which is causing the terminal to utilize a small area of the screen. To fix, explicitly disable the port with an i915 module setting. For example, add the following to the end of the kernel line in /boot/grub/menu.lst:

     video=SVIDEO-1:d

If that does not work, you may also try disabling TV1 or VGA1 instead of SVIDEO-1.

Categories:

- 正體中文
- Graphics (正體中文)
- X server (正體中文)

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