edge(8)

NAME
edge - n2n edge node daemon

SYNOPSIS
edge <config file>
edge -c <community> -l <supernode host:port> [further options]...

DESCRIPTION
N2N is a peer-to-peer VPN system. Edge is the edge node daemon for n2n which creates a TAP interface to expose the n2n virtual LAN. On startup n2n creates the TAP interface and configures it then registers with the supernode so it can begin to find other nodes in the community.

The config file is similar to the command line, with one option per line. Lines starting with a "#" are ignored. An equal sign ('=') should be used between key and value. Example: -p=7777

OPTIONS FOR THE UNDERLYING NETWORK CONNECTION

-c <community>, --community=<community>
    sets the n2n community name (see also N2N_COMMUNITY in ENVIRONMENT). All edges within the same community appear on the same LAN (layer 2 network segment). Community name is 16 bytes in length. A name smaller than this is padded with 0x00 bytes and a name longer than this is truncated to take the first 16 bytes.

-l <host:port>, --supernode-list=<host:port>
    sets the n2n supernode IP address and port to register to. Multiple supernodes can be specified.

-p [<local_ip_address>:]<local_port>
    binds edge to the given UDP port. Useful for keeping the same external socket across restarts of edge. This allows peer edges which know the edge socket to continue p2p operation without going back to the supernode. Also, home router's port forwarding feature can refer to that fixed port. Optionally, the edge can bind to the provided local ip address only. This is useful in case restriction to a certain LAN or WiFi interface is desired. By default, the edge binds to any interface.

-T <tos>
    TOS for packets, e.g. 0x48 for SSH like priority

-D  enable PMTU discovery, it can reduce fragmentation but causes connections to stall if not properly supported

-e <local_ip_address>
    advertises the provided local IP address as preferred, useful if multicast peer detection is not available, e.g. disabled on routers. -e auto tries auto-detection of local IP address.

-S1 ... -S2
    do not connect p2p, always use the supernode, -S1 = via UDP, -S2 = via TCP

-i <reg_interval>
    Supernode registration interval. It specifies the interval in seconds between consecutive REGISTER_SUPER packets and it's used to keep NAT hole open via the UDP NAT hole punching technique. This only works for asymmetric NATs and allows for P2P communication.

-L <reg_ttl>
    set the TTL for the hole punching packet. This is an advanced flag to make sure that the registration packet is dropped immediately when it goes out of local nat so that it will not trigger some firewall behavior on target peer. Actually, the registration packet is only expected to make local nat UDP hole and is not expected to reach the target peer, see https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5389. To achieve this, the flag should be set as nat level + 1. For example, if we have 2 layer nat in local, we should set -L 3. Usually we know exactly how much nat layers in local. If we are not sure how much nat layers in local, we can use traceroute on Linux to check. The following example shows a local single layer nat because on second jump it shows a public ip address. In this case it should set -L 2. $ /usr/sbin/traceroute -w1 8.8.8.8
    traceroute to 8.8.8.8 (8.8.8.8), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
     1 192.168.3.1 (192.168.3.1) 0.464 ms 0.587 ms 0.719 ms
     2 112.65.17.217 (112.65.17.217) 5.269 ms 7.031 ms 8.666 ms But this method does not always work due to various local network device policy.

-k <key>
    encryption key (ASCII) - also N2N_KEY=<key> -k <keystring> sets the encryption key from ASCII text (see also N2N_KEY in ENVIRONMENT). All edges communicating must use the same key and community name. If -k not specified then edge uses cleartext mode (no encryption).

-A1 disable payload encryption, do not use with key, defaults to AES then

-A2 ... -A5
    choose a cipher for payload encryption, requires a key, -A2 = Twofish, -A3 = AES (default if key provided), -A4 = ChaCha20, -A5 = Speck-CTR

-H  use header encryption, supernode needs fixed community

-z1 ... -z2
    compress outgoing data packets, -z1 = lzo1x, disabled by default

--select-rtt
    select supernode by round trip time if several to choose from (federation), defaults to load-based selection strategy if not provided.

TAP DEVICE AND OVERLAY NETWORK CONFIGURATION

-a [mode]<ip>[/n]
    interface address and optional CIDR subnet, default '/24', mode = [static|dhcp]:, for DHCP use '-r -a dhcp:0.0.0.0', edge draws IP address from supernode if no '-a ...' given

-m <mac>
    start the TAP interface with the given MAC address. This is highly recommended as it means the same address will be used if edge stops and restarts. If this is not done, the ARP caches of all peers will be wrong and packets will not flow to this edge until the next ARP refresh. e.g. '-m 10:20:30:40:50:60', by default a random MAC address is used.

-d <device>, --device=<device>
    TAP device name

-M <mtu>
    specify n2n MTU of TAP interface, default 1290

-r  enable IP packet forwarding/routing through the n2n virtual LAN. Without this option, IP packets arriving over n2n are dropped if not for the -a <addr> (or DHCP assigned) IP address of the edge interface.

-E  accept packets destined for multicast ethernet MAC addresses. These addresses are used in multicast ethernet and IPv6 neighbour discovery. If this option is not present these multicast packets are discarded as most users do not need or understand them.

-I <description>
    annotate the edge's description used for easier identification in management port output or username

-J <password>
    password for user-password edge authentication (see also N2N_PASSWORD in ENVIRONMENT)

-P <public key>
    federation public key for user-password authentication

-R <rule_str>
    Add rule to drop or accept specific packet transmit over edge network interface. -R rule_str can be used multiple times to add multiple rules. Each -R rule_str add one rule. rule_str format:"src_ip/len:[b_port,e_port],dst_ip/len:[s_port,e_port],TCP+/-,UDP+/-,ICMP+/-". ip/len indicate a cidr block, len can be ignore, means single ip(not cidr block) will be use in filter rule. +,- after TCP,UDP,ICMP proto type indicate allow or drop packet of that proto. if any of above three proto missed, the rule will not take effect for that proto. Ports range [s_port,e_port] can be instead by single port number. If not specify, [0,65535] will be used. Ports range include start_port and end_port. If multiple rules matching packet's ips and ports, the rule with smaller cidr block(smaller address space) will be selected. That means rules with larger len value has higher priority. Packets that cannot match any rule will be accepted by default. Users can add rules to block traffics. This behavior can be change by add the rule : `0.0.0.0/0:[0,65535],0.0.0.0/0: [0,65535],TCP-,UDP-,ICMP-`. Then all traffic will be dropped, users need add rules to allow traffics. for example : `-R 0.0.0.0/0,0.0.0.0/0,TCP-,UDP-,ICMP- -R 192.168.100.0/24,192.168.100.0/24,ICMP+`,

-x <metric>
    set TAP interface metric, defaults to 0 (auto), e.g. set to 1 for better multiplayer game detection.
    (Windows only)

LOCAL OPTIONS

-f  do not fork and run as a daemon, rather run in foreground

-t <port>
    binds the edge management system to the given UDP port. Default 5644. Use this if you need to run multiple instance of edge; or something is bound to that port.

--management-password <password>
    sets the password for access to JSON API at the management port, defaults to 'n2n'. The password has to be provided when using 'scripts/n2n-ctl', 'scripts/n2n-httpd' or for any other relevant access to JSON API at the management port.

-v, --verbose
    make more verbose, repeat as required

-n <cidr:gateway>
    route an IPv4 network via the gateway, use 0.0.0.0/0 for the default gateway, can be set multiple times

-u <UID>, --euid=<UID>
    numeric user ID to use when privileges are dropped

-g <GID>, --egid=<GID>
    numeric group ID to use when privileges are dropped

-h  write usage then exit.

--help
    shows detailed parameter description

ENVIRONMENT

N2N_KEY
    set the encryption key so it is not visible at the command line

N2N_COMMUNITY
    set the community name so it is not visible at the command line

N2N_PASSWORD
    set the password for user-password authentication so it is not visible at the command line

EXAMPLES

edge -d n2n0 -c mynetwork -k encryptme -u 99 -g 99 -m DE:AD:BE:EF:01:23 -a 192.168.254.7 -p 50001 -l 123.121.120.119:7654
    Start edge with TAP device n2n0 on community "mynetwork" with community supernode at 123.121.120.119 UDP port 7654 and bind the locally used UDP port to 50001. Use "encryptme" as the single permanent shared encryption key. Assign MAC address DE:AD:BE:EF:01:23 to the n2n interface and drop to user=99 and group=99 after the TAP device is successfully configured.

Add the -f option to stop edge running as a daemon.

Somewhere else setup another edge with similar parameters, eg. edge -d n2n0 -c mynetwork -k encryptme -u 99 -g 99 -m DE:AD:BE:EF:01:21 -a 192.168.254.5 -p 50001 -l 123.121.120.119:7654

Now you can ping from 192.168.254.5 to 192.168.254.7.

The MAC address (-m <MAC>) and virtual IP address (-a <addr>) must be different on all edges in the same community.

CLEARTEXT MODE
If -k is not specified then edge uses cleartext mode. In cleartext mode there is no transform of the packet data it is simply encrypted. This is useful for debugging n2n as packet contents can be seen clearly. To prevent accidental exposure of data, edge only enters cleartext mode when no keying parameters are specified. In the case where keying parameters are specified but no valid keys can be determined, edge exits with an error at startup. If all keys become invalid while running, edge continues to encode using the last key that was valid.

MANAGEMENT INTERFACE
Edge provides a very simple management system on UDP port 5644. Send a newline to receive a status output. Send 'stop' to cause edge to exit cleanly.

echo | nc -w1 -u 127.0.0.1 5644
    Shows the current statistics of a running edge.

EXIT STATUS
edge is a daemon and any exit is an error.

AUTHORS

Richard Andrews
    andrews (at) ntop.org - n2n-1 maintainer and main author of n2n-2

Luca Deri
    deri (at) ntop.org - original author of n2n

Don Bindner
    (--) - significant contributions to n2n-1

SEE ALSO
ifconfig(8) supernode(1) tunctl(8) n2n(7)
the documentation contained in the source code
the extensive documentation found in n2n's doc/ folder