package Test2::Tools::Process;

use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.010;
use Test2::Tools::Compare ();
use Test2::API qw( context );
use Ref::Util qw( is_plain_arrayref is_ref is_plain_coderef is_plain_hashref );
use Carp qw( croak carp );
use Test2::Compare::Array     ();
use Test2::Compare::Wildcard  ();
use Test2::Compare::Number    ();
use Test2::Compare::String    ();
use Test2::Compare::Custom    ();
use Test2::Compare ();
use Return::MultiLevel qw( with_return );
use Capture::Tiny qw( capture_stdout );
use base qw( Exporter );

our @EXPORT = qw( process proc_event named_signal intercept_exit intercept_exec );
our @CARP_NOT = qw( Test2::Tools::Process::SystemProc );

# ABSTRACT: Unit tests for code that calls exit, exec, system or qx()
our $VERSION = '0.06'; # VERSION


our %handlers;

BEGIN {

  %handlers = (
    exit     => sub (;$) { CORE::exit(@_) },
    exec     => sub      { CORE::exec(@_) },
    system   => sub      { CORE::system(@_) },
    readpipe => sub (_)  { CORE::readpipe(@_) },
  );

  no warnings 'redefine';
  *CORE::GLOBAL::exit     = sub (;$) { $handlers{exit}->(@_) };
  *CORE::GLOBAL::exec     = sub      { $handlers{exec}->(@_) };
  *CORE::GLOBAL::system   = sub      { $handlers{system}->(@_) };
  *CORE::GLOBAL::readpipe = sub (_)  { $handlers{readpipe}->(@_) };
}


sub process (&;@)
{
  my $sub = shift;
  my @expected  = ();
  my $test_name = 'process ok';
  my @events;
  my $i = 0;

  if(is_plain_arrayref $_[0])
  {
    @expected = @{ shift() };
  }

  $test_name = shift if defined $_[0];

  with_return {
    my($return) = @_;

    local %handlers = %handlers;

    $handlers{exit} = sub {
      my $expected = $expected[$i++];

      my $status = shift;
      $status = 0 unless defined $status;
      $status = int($status);
      push @events, { event_type => 'exit', exit_status => $status };

      if(defined $expected && $expected->is_exit && defined $expected->callback)
      {
        my $proc = Test2::Tools::Process::Proc->new($return);
        my $ret = $expected->callback->($proc, $status);
        if(exists $proc->{errno})
        {
          $! = $proc->{errno};
          return 0;
        }
        return $ret;
      }
      else
      {
        $return->();
      }
    };

    $handlers{exec} = sub {
      my $expected = $expected[$i++];

      if(@_ == 1 || @_ == 0)
      {
        push @events, { event_type => 'exec', command => $_[0] };
      }
      else
      {
        push @events, { event_type => 'exec', command => [@_] };
      }

      if(defined $expected && $expected->is_exec && defined $expected->callback)
      {
        my $proc = Test2::Tools::Process::Proc->new($return);
        my $ret = $expected->callback->($proc, @_);
        if(exists $proc->{errno})
        {
          $! = $proc->{errno};
          return 0;
        }
        return $ret;
      }
      else
      {
        $return->();
      }
    };

    foreach my $type (qw( system readpipe ))
    {
      $handlers{$type} = sub {
        my $expected = $expected[$i++];

        my $event;
        my $args = \@_;
        if(@_ == 1 || @_ == 0)
        {
          push @events, $event = { event_type => 'system', command => $_[0] };
        }
        else
        {
          push @events, $event = { event_type => 'system', command => [@_] };
        }

        if(defined $expected && $expected->is_system && defined $expected->callback)
        {
          my $inner = sub {
            my($return) = @_;
            my $proc = Test2::Tools::Process::SystemProc->new($return, $event, $type);
            $expected->callback->($proc, @$args);
            $event->{status} = 0;
            $? = 0;
          };
          if($type eq 'system')
          {
            with_return { $inner->(@_) };
            return -1 if exists $event->{errno};
            return $?;
          }
          else
          {
            return scalar capture_stdout { with_return { $inner->(@_) } };
          }
        }
        else
        {
          local $SIG{__WARN__} = sub {
            my($message) = @_;
            $message =~ s/ at .*? line [0-9]+\.$//;
            chomp $message;
            carp($message);
          };
          my $ret = $type eq 'system' ? CORE::system(@_) : CORE::readpipe(@_);
          if($? == -1)
          {
            $event->{errno} = $!;
          }
          elsif($? & 127)
          {
            $event->{signal} = $? & 127;
          }
          else
          {
            $event->{status} = $? >> 8;
          }
          return $ret;
        }
      };
    }

    $sub->();
  };

  @_ = (
    \@events,
    [ map { $_->to_check } @expected ],
    $test_name
  );

  goto \&Test2::Tools::Compare::is;
}


{
  my $sig;
  sub named_signal ($)
  {
    my($name) = @_;

    # build hash on demand.
    $sig ||= do {
      require Config;
      my %sig;
      my @num = split /\s+/, $Config::Config{sig_num};
      foreach my $name (split /\s+/, $Config::Config{sig_name})
      {
        $sig{$name} = shift @num;
      }
      \%sig;
    };

    croak "no such signal: $name" unless exists $sig->{$name};

    $sig->{$name};
  }
}


sub intercept_exit (&)
{
  my $sub = shift;

  my $ret;

  with_return {
    my $return = shift;
    local $handlers{exit} = sub {
      $ret = shift;
      $ret = 0 unless defined $ret;
      $ret = int $ret;
      $return->();
    };
    $sub->();
  };

  $ret;
}


sub intercept_exec (&)
{
  my $sub = shift;

  my $ret;

  with_return {
    my $return = shift;
    local $handlers{exec} = sub {
      $ret = \@_;
      $return->();
    };
    $sub->();
  };

  $ret;
}


sub proc_event ($;$$$)
{
  my $type = shift;
  croak("no such process event undef") unless defined $type;

  my $check;
  my $check2;
  my $callback;

  $check  = shift if defined $_[0] && !is_plain_coderef $_[0] && !is_plain_hashref $_[0];
  $check2 = shift if defined $_[0] && is_plain_hashref $_[0];

  if(defined $_[0])
  {
    if(is_plain_coderef $_[0])
    {
      $callback = shift;
    }
    else
    {
      croak("callback is not a code reference");
    }
  }

  my @caller = caller;

  if($type eq 'exit')
  {
    if(defined $check)
    {
      unless(is_ref $check)
      {
        $check = Test2::Compare::Number->new(
          file => $caller[1],
          lines => [$caller[2]],
          input => $check,
        );
      }
    }
    else
    {
      $check = Test2::Compare::Custom->new(
        code     => sub { defined $_ ? 1 : 0 },
        name     => 'DEFINED',
        operator => 'DEFINED()',
        file => $caller[1],
        lines => [$caller[2]],
      );
    }

    return Test2::Tools::Process::Exit->new(status_check => $check, callback => $callback);
  }

  elsif($type =~ /^(exec|system)$/)
  {
    if(defined $check)
    {
      if(is_plain_arrayref $check)
      {
        my $array = Test2::Compare::Array->new(
          called => \@caller,
        );
        foreach my $item (@$check)
        {
          my $wc = Test2::Compare::Wildcard->new(
            expect => $item,
            file   => $caller[1],
            lines  => [$caller[2]],
          );
          $array->add_item($wc);
        }
        $check = $array;
      }
      elsif(!is_ref $check)
      {
        $check = Test2::Compare::String->new(
          file => $caller[1],
          lines => [$caller[2]],
          input => $check,
        );
      }
    }
    else
    {
      $check = Test2::Compare::Custom->new(
        code     => sub { defined $_ ? 1 : 0 },
        name     => 'DEFINED',
        operator => 'DEFINED()',
        file => $caller[1],
        lines => [$caller[2]],
      );
    }

    if($type eq 'system')
    {
      $check2 ||= { status => 0 };
    }

    my $class = $type eq 'exec'
      ? 'Test2::Tools::Process::Exec'
      : 'Test2::Tools::Process::System';
    return $class->new( command_check => $check, result_check => $check2, callback => $callback);
  }

  croak("no such process event $type");
}

package Test2::Tools::Process::Event;

use constant is_exit   => 0;
use constant is_exec   => 0;
use constant is_system => 0;
use Class::Tiny qw( callback );

package Test2::Tools::Process::Exit;

use constant is_exit => 1;
use base qw( Test2::Tools::Process::Event );
use Class::Tiny qw( status_check );

sub to_check
{
  my($self) = @_;
  { event_type => 'exit', exit_status => $self->status_check };
}

package Test2::Tools::Process::Exec;

use constant is_exec => 1;
use base qw( Test2::Tools::Process::Event );
use Class::Tiny qw( command_check );

sub to_check
{
  my($self) = @_;
  { event_type => 'exec', command => $self->command_check };
}

package Test2::Tools::Process::System;

use constant is_system => 1;
use base qw( Test2::Tools::Process::Event );
use Class::Tiny qw( command_check result_check );

sub to_check
{
  my($self) = @_;
  { event_type => 'system', command => $self->command_check, %{ $self->result_check } };
}

package Test2::Tools::Process::Proc;

sub new
{
  my($class, $return) = @_;
  bless {
    return => $return,
  }, $class;
}

sub terminate { shift->{return}->() }

sub errno
{
  my($self, $errno) = @_;
  $self->{errno} = $errno;
}

package Test2::Tools::Process::SystemProc;

sub new
{
  my($class, $return, $result, $type) = @_;
  bless {
    return => $return,
    result => $result,
    type   => $type,
  }, $class;
}

sub type { shift->{type} }

sub exit
{
  my($self, $status) = @_;
  $status = 0 unless defined $status;
  $status = int $status;
  $self->{result}->{status} = $status;
  $? = $status << 8;
  $self->{return}->();
}

sub signal
{
  my($self, $signal) = @_;
  $signal = 0 unless defined $signal;
  if($signal =~ /^[A-Z]/i)
  {
    $signal = Test2::Tools::Process::named_signal($signal);
  }
  else
  {
    $signal = int $signal;
  }
  $self->{result}->{signal} = $signal;
  $? = $signal;
  $self->{return}->();
}

sub errno
{
  my($self, $errno) = @_;
  $errno = 0 unless defined $errno;
  $errno = int $errno;
  $self->{result}->{errno} = $! = $errno;
  $self->{return}->();
}

1;

__END__

=pod

=encoding UTF-8

=head1 NAME

Test2::Tools::Process - Unit tests for code that calls exit, exec, system or qx()

=head1 VERSION

version 0.06

=head1 SYNOPSIS

 use Test2::V0 -no_srand => 1;
 use Test2::Tools::Process;
 
 process {
   system 'foo', 'bar';
 } [
   # check tht the first system call is to
   # a command foo with any arguments
   proc_event(system => array {
     item 'foo';
     etc;
   }, sub {
     # simulate the foo command
     my($proc, @args) = @_;
     note "faux bar command: @args";
     # simulate a notmsl exit
     $proc->exit(0);
   }),
 ];
 
 process {
   exit 2;
   note 'not executed';
 } [
   # can use any Test2 checks on the exit status
   proc_event(exit => match qr/^[2-3]$/),
 ];
 
 process {
   exit 4;
 } [
   # or you can just check that the exit status matches numerically
   proc_event(exit => 4),
 ];
 
 process {
   exit 5;
 } [
   # or just check that we called exit.
   proc_event('exit'),
 ];
 
 process {
   exec 'foo bar';
   exec 'baz';
   note 'not executed';
 } [
   # emulate first exec as failed
   proc_event(exec => match qr/^foo\b/, sub {
     my($return, @command) = @_;
     $! = 2;
     return 0;
   }),
   # the second exec will be emulated as successful
   proc_event('exec'),
 ];
 
 # just intercept `exit`
 is intercept_exit { exit 10 }, 10;
 
 # just intercept `exec`
 is intercept_exec { exec 'foo', 'bar', 'baz' }, ['foo','bar','baz'];
 
 done_testing;

=head1 DESCRIPTION

This set of testing tools is intended for writing unit tests for code that interacts
with other processes without using real processes that might have unwanted side effects.
It also lets you test code that exits program flow without actually terminating your
test.  So far it allows you to test and/or mock C<exit>, C<exec>, C<system>, 
C<readpipe> and C<qx//>.  Other process related tests will be added in the future.

This module borrows some ideas from L<Test::Exit>.  In particular it does not use exceptions
to simulate C<exit> or C<exec>, so you can freely test code that calls these in an C<eval>.

=head1 FUNCTIONS

=head2 process

 my $ok = process { ... } \@events, $test_name;
 my $ok = process { ... } \@events;
 my $ok = process { ... } $test_name;
 my $ok = process { ... };

Runs the block, intercepting C<exit>, C<exec>, C<system>, C<readpipe> and
C<qx//> calls.  The calls are then matched against C<\@events> as the expected
process events.  See C<proc_event> below for defining individual events,
and the synopsis above for examples.

=head2 named_signal

 my $signame = named_signal $name;

Given a string signal name like C<KILL>, this will return the integer
signal number.  It will throw an exception if the C<$name> is invalid.

=head2 intercept_exit

 my $status = intercept_exit { ... };

Intercept any c<exit> calls inside the block, and return the exit status.
Returns C<undef> if there were no C<exec> calls.

=head2 intercept_exec

 my $arrayref = intercept_exec { ... };

Intercept any C<exec> calls inside the block and return the command line that a was passed to it.
Returns C<undef> if there were no C<exec> calls.

=head1 CHECKS

=head2 proc_event

 process { ... } [
   proc_event($type => $check, $callback),
   proc_event($type => $check),
   proc_event($type => $callback),
   proc_event($type),
 
   # additional result checks for `system` events
   proc_event('system' => $check, \%result_check, $callback),
   proc_event('system' => \%result_check, $callback),
   proc_event('system' => $check, \%result_check),
   proc_event('system' => \%result_check),
 ];

The C<proc_event> function creates a process event, with an optional check and callback.  How the
C<$check> works depends on the C<$type>.  If no C<$check> is provided then it will only check that
the C<$type> matches.  Due to their nature, C<exit> and C<exec> events are emulated.  C<system>
events will actually make a system call, unless a C<$callback> is provided.

=over 4

=item exit

A process event for an C<exit> call.  The check is against the status value passed to C<exit>.  This
value will always be an integer.  If no status value was passed to C<exit>, C<0> will be used as
the status value.

If no callback is provided then an C<exit> will be emulated by terminating the process block without
executing any more code.  The rest of the test will then proceed.

 proc_event( exit => sub {
   my($proc, $status) = @_;
   $proc->terminate;
 });

The callback takes a C<$proc> object and a C<$status> value.  Normally C<exit> should never
return, so what you want to do is call the C<terminate> method on the C<$proc> object.

=item exec

A process event for an C<exec> call.  The check is against the command passed to C<exec>.  If C<exec>
is called with a single argument this will be a string, otherwise it will be an array reference.
This way you can differentiate between the SCALAR and LIST modes of C<exec>.

If no callback is provided then a (successful) C<exec> will be emulated by terminating the process
block without executing any more code.  The rest of the test will then proceed.

 proc_event( exec => sub {
   my($proc, @command) = @_;
   ...;
 });

The callback takes a C<$proc> object and the arguments passed to C<exec> as C<@command>.  You
can emulate a failed C<exec> by using the C<errno> method on the C<$proc> object:

 proc_event( exec => sub {
   my($proc, @command) = @_;
   $proc->errno(2); # this is the errno value
 });

To emulate a successful C<exec> call you want to just remember to call the C<terminate> method on
the C<$proc> object.

 proc_event( exec => sub {
   my($proc, @command) = @_;
   $proc->terminate;
 });

=item system

A process event for C<system>, C<piperead> and C<qx//>.  The first check (as with C<exec>) is against
the command string passed to C<system>.  The second is a hash reference with result checks.

=over 4

=item status

 proc_event( system => { status => $check } );

The normal termination status.  This is usually the value passed to C<exit> in the program called.  Typically
a program that succeeded will return zero (C<0>) and a failed on will return non-zero.

=item errno

 proc_event( system => { errno => $check } );

The C<errno> or C<$!> value if the system call failed.  Most commonly this is for bad command names, but it
could be something else like running out of memory or other system resources.

=item signal

 proc_event( system => { signal => $check } );

Set if the process was killed by a signal.

=back

Only one check should be included because only one of these is usually valid.  If you do not provide this check,
then it will check that the status code is zero only.

By default the actual system call will be made, but if you provide a callback you can simulate commands, which
is helpful in unit testing your script without having to call external programs which may have unwanted side effects.

 proc_event( system => sub {
   my($proc, @command) = @_;
   ...
 });

Like the C<exec> event, C<@command> contains the full command passed to the C<system> call.  You can use the
C<$proc> object to simulate one of three different results:

=over 4

=item exit

 $proc->exit($status);
 $proc->exit;

Exit with the given status.  A status of zero (0) will be used if not provided.  If no result is specified in the
callback at all then a status of zero (0) will also be used.

=item signal

 $proc->signal($signal);

Terminate with the given signal.  C<$signal> can be either an integer value (in which case no validation that it is
a real signal is done), or a string signal name like C<KILL>, C<HUP> or any signal supported by your operating
system.  If you provide an invalid signal name an exception will be thrown.

 proc_event( system => { signal => 9 } => sub {
   my($proc, @args) = @_;
   $proc->signal('KILL');
 });

Note that when you kill one of these faux processes with a signal you will want to update the expected signal
check, as in the example above.

=item errno

 $proc->errno($errno);

Simulate a failed C<system> call.  Most often C<system> will fail if the command is not found.  The C<$errno>
passed in should be a valid C<errno> value.  On my system C<2> is the error code for command not found.  Example:

 proc_event( system => { errno => number(2) } => sub {
   my($proc, @args) = @_;
   $proc->errno(2);
 });

=item type

 my $type = $proc->type;

Returns C<system> or C<readpipe> depending on the Perl function that triggered the system call.

=back

=back

=head1 CAVEATS

The C<exit> emulation, doesn't call C<END> callbacks or other destructors, since
you aren't really terminating the process.

This module installs handlers for C<exec>, C<exit>, C<system> and C<readpipe>, in
the C<CORE::GLOBAL> namespace, so if your code is also installing handlers there
then things might not work.

This module is not apparently compatible with L<IPC::Run3>.  Use L<Capture::Tiny>
instead, which is better maintained in my opinion.

=head1 SEE ALSO

=over 4

=item L<Test::Exit>

Simple C<exit> emulation for tests.  The most recent version does not rely on exceptions.

=item L<Test::Exec>

Like L<Test::Exit>, but for C<exec>

=item L<Test::Mock::Cmd>

Provides an interface to mocking C<system>, C<qx> and C<exec>.

=back

=head1 AUTHOR

Graham Ollis <plicease@cpan.org>

=head1 COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE

This software is copyright (c) 2015-2021 by Graham Ollis.

This is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
the same terms as the Perl 5 programming language system itself.

=cut
