"""
    flask_security.utils
    ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

    Flask-Security utils module

    :copyright: (c) 2012-2019 by Matt Wright.
    :copyright: (c) 2019-2021 by J. Christopher Wagner (jwag).
    :license: MIT, see LICENSE for more details.
"""
import abc
import base64
import datetime
from functools import partial
import hashlib
import hmac
from pkg_resources import parse_version
import time
import typing as t
import warnings
from urllib.parse import parse_qsl, parse_qs, urlsplit, urlunsplit, urlencode
import urllib.request
import urllib.error

from flask import (
    after_this_request,
    current_app,
    flash,
    g,
    request,
    render_template,
    session,
    url_for,
)
from flask.json import JSONEncoder
from flask_login import login_user as _login_user
from flask_login import logout_user as _logout_user
from flask_login import current_user
from flask_login import COOKIE_NAME as REMEMBER_COOKIE_NAME
from flask_principal import AnonymousIdentity, Identity, identity_changed, Need
from flask_wtf import csrf
from wtforms import ValidationError
from itsdangerous import BadSignature, SignatureExpired
from werkzeug import __version__ as werkzeug_version
from werkzeug.local import LocalProxy
from werkzeug.datastructures import MultiDict

from .quart_compat import best, get_quart_status
from .proxies import _security, _datastore, _pwd_context, _hashing_context
from .signals import user_authenticated

if t.TYPE_CHECKING:  # pragma: no cover
    from flask import Flask, Response
    from .datastore import User

SB = t.Union[str, bytes]


localize_callback = LocalProxy(lambda: _security.i18n_domain.gettext)

FsPermNeed = partial(Need, "fsperm")
FsPermNeed.__doc__ = """A need with the method preset to `"fsperm"`."""


def _(translate):
    """Identity function to mark strings for translation."""
    return translate


def get_request_attr(name: str) -> t.Any:
    """Retrieve a request local attribute.

    Currently public attributes are:

    **fs_authn_via**
        will be set to the authentication mechanism (session, token, basic)
        that the current request was authenticated with.

    Returns None if attribute doesn't exist.

    .. versionadded:: 4.0.0
    .. versionchanged:: 4.1.5
        Use 'g' rather than request_ctx stack which is going away post Flask 2.2
    """
    return getattr(g, name, None)


def set_request_attr(name, value):
    return setattr(g, name, value)


"""
Most view functions that modify the DB will call ``after_this_request(view_commit)``
Quart compatibility needs an async version
"""
if get_quart_status():  # pragma: no cover

    async def view_commit(response=None):
        _datastore.commit()
        return response

else:

    def view_commit(response=None):
        _datastore.commit()
        return response


def find_csrf_field_name():
    """
    We need to clear it on logout (since that isn't being done by Flask-WTF).
    The field name is configurable withing Flask-WTF as well as being
    overridable.
    We take the field name from the login_form as set by the configuration.
    """
    form = _security.login_form(MultiDict([]))
    if hasattr(form.meta, "csrf_field_name"):
        return form.meta.csrf_field_name
    return None


def login_user(
    user: "User",
    remember: t.Optional[bool] = None,
    authn_via: t.Optional[t.List[str]] = None,
) -> bool:
    """Perform the login routine.

    If *SECURITY_TRACKABLE* is used, make sure you commit changes after this
    request (i.e. ``app.security.datastore.commit()``).

    :param user: The user to login
    :param remember: Flag specifying if the remember cookie should be set.
                     If ``None`` use value of SECURITY_DEFAULT_REMEMBER_ME
    :param authn_via: A list of strings denoting which mechanism(s) the user
        authenticated with.
        These should be one or more of ["password", "sms", "authenticator", "email"] or
        other 'auto-login' mechanisms.
    :return: True if user successfully logged in.
    """

    if remember is None:
        remember = config_value("DEFAULT_REMEMBER_ME")

    if not _login_user(user, remember):  # pragma: no cover
        return False

    if _security.trackable:
        remote_addr = request.remote_addr or None  # make sure it is None

        old_current_login, new_current_login = (
            user.current_login_at,
            config_value("DATETIME_FACTORY")(),
        )
        old_current_ip, new_current_ip = user.current_login_ip, remote_addr

        user.last_login_at = old_current_login or new_current_login
        user.current_login_at = new_current_login
        user.last_login_ip = old_current_ip
        user.current_login_ip = new_current_ip
        user.login_count = user.login_count + 1 if user.login_count else 1

        _datastore.put(user)

    session["fs_cc"] = "set"  # CSRF cookie
    session["fs_paa"] = time.time()  # Primary authentication at - timestamp

    identity_changed.send(
        current_app._get_current_object(),  # type: ignore
        identity=Identity(user.fs_uniquifier),
    )

    user_authenticated.send(
        current_app._get_current_object(),  # type: ignore
        user=user,
        authn_via=authn_via,
    )
    return True


def logout_user() -> None:
    """Logs out the current user.

    This will also clean up the remember me cookie if it exists.

    This sends an ``identity_changed`` signal to note that the current
    identity is now the `AnonymousIdentity`
    """

    for key in ("identity.name", "identity.auth_type", "fs_paa", "fs_gexp"):
        session.pop(key, None)

    # Clear csrf token between sessions.
    # Ideally this would be handled by Flask-WTF but...
    # We don't clear entire session since Flask-Login seems to like having it.
    csrf_field_name = find_csrf_field_name()
    if csrf_field_name:
        session.pop(csrf_field_name, None)
        # Flask-WTF 'caches' csrf_token - and only set the session if not already
        # in 'g'. Be sure to clear both. This affects at least /confirm
        g.pop(csrf_field_name, None)
    session["fs_cc"] = "clear"
    identity_changed.send(
        current_app._get_current_object(), identity=AnonymousIdentity()  # type: ignore
    )
    _logout_user()


def check_and_update_authn_fresh(
    within: datetime.timedelta,
    grace: datetime.timedelta,
    method: t.Optional[str] = None,
) -> bool:
    """Check if user authenticated within specified time and update grace period.

    :param within: A timedelta specifying the maximum time in the past that the caller
                  authenticated that is still considered 'fresh'.
    :param grace: A timedelta that, if the current session is considered 'fresh'
                  will set a grace period for which freshness won't be checked.
                  The intent here is that the caller shouldn't get part-way though
                  a set of operations and suddenly be required to authenticate again.
    :param method: Optional - if set and == "basic" then will always return True.
                  (since basic-auth sends username/password on every request)

    If within.total_seconds() is negative, will always return True (always 'fresh').
    This effectively just disables this entire mechanism.

    If "fs_gexp" is in the session and the current timestamp is less than that,
    return True and extend grace time (i.e. set fs_gexp to current time + grace).

    If not within the grace period, and within.total_seconds() is 0,
    return False (not fresh).

    Be aware that for this to work, sessions and therefore session cookies
    must be functioning and being sent as part of the request. If the required
    state isn't in the session cookie then return False (not 'fresh').

    .. warning::
        Be sure the caller is already authenticated PRIOR to calling this method.

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0

    .. versionchanged:: 4.0.0
        Added `method` parameter.
    """

    if method == "basic":
        return True

    if within.total_seconds() < 0:
        # this means 'always fresh'
        return True

    if "fs_paa" not in session:
        # No session, you can't play.
        return False

    now = datetime.datetime.utcnow()
    new_exp = now + grace
    grace_ts = int(new_exp.timestamp())

    fs_gexp = session.get("fs_gexp", None)
    if fs_gexp:
        if now.timestamp() < fs_gexp:
            # Within grace period - extend it and we're good.
            session["fs_gexp"] = grace_ts
            return True

    # Special case 0 - return False always, but set grace period.
    if within.total_seconds() == 0:
        session["fs_gexp"] = grace_ts
        return False

    authn_time = datetime.datetime.utcfromtimestamp(session["fs_paa"])
    # allow for some time drift where it's possible authn_time is in the future
    # but lets be cautious and not allow arbitrary future times
    delta = now - authn_time
    if within > delta > -within:
        session["fs_gexp"] = grace_ts
        return True
    return False


def get_hmac(password: SB) -> bytes:
    """Returns a Base64 encoded HMAC+SHA512 of the password signed with
    the salt specified by *SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT*.

    :param password: The password to sign
    """
    salt = config_value("PASSWORD_SALT")

    if salt is None:
        raise RuntimeError(
            "The configuration value `SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT` must "
            "not be None when the value of `SECURITY_PASSWORD_HASH` is "
            'set to "%s"' % config_value("PASSWORD_HASH")
        )

    h = hmac.new(encode_string(salt), encode_string(password), hashlib.sha512)
    return base64.b64encode(h.digest())


def verify_password(password: SB, password_hash: SB) -> bool:
    """Returns ``True`` if the password matches the supplied hash.

    :param password: A plaintext password to verify
    :param password_hash: The expected hash value of the password
                          (usually from your database)

    .. note::
        Make sure that the password passed in has already been normalized.
    """
    if use_double_hash(password_hash):
        password = get_hmac(password)

    return _pwd_context.verify(password, password_hash)


def verify_and_update_password(password: SB, user: "User") -> bool:
    """Returns ``True`` if the password is valid for the specified user.

    Additionally, the hashed password in the database is updated if the
    hashing algorithm happens to have changed.

    N.B. you MUST call DB commit if you are using a session-based datastore
    (such as SqlAlchemy) since the user instance might have been altered
    (i.e. ``app.security.datastore.commit()``).
    This is usually handled in the view.

    :param password: A plaintext password to verify
    :param user: The user to verify against

    .. tip::
        This should not be called directly - rather use
        :meth:`.UserMixin.verify_and_update_password`

    """
    if use_double_hash(user.password):
        verified = _pwd_context.verify(get_hmac(password), user.password)
    else:
        # Try with original password.
        verified = _pwd_context.verify(password, user.password)

    if verified and _pwd_context.needs_update(user.password):
        user.password = hash_password(password)
        _datastore.put(user)
    return verified


def encrypt_password(password):  # pragma: no cover
    """Encrypt the specified plaintext password.

    It uses the configured encryption options.

    .. deprecated:: 2.0.2
       Use :func:`hash_password` instead.

    :param password: The plaintext password to encrypt
    """
    warnings.warn(
        "Please use hash_password instead of encrypt_password.", DeprecationWarning
    )
    return hash_password(password)


def hash_password(password: SB) -> t.Any:
    """Hash the specified plaintext password.

    Unless the hash algorithm (as specified by `SECURITY_PASSWORD_HASH`) is listed in
    the configuration variable `SECURITY_PASSWORD_SINGLE_HASH`,
    perform a double hash - first create an HMAC from the plaintext password
    and the value of `SECURITY_PASSWORD_SALT`,
    then use the configured hashing algorithm.
    This satisfies OWASP/ASVS section 2.4.5: 'provide additional
    iteration of a key derivation'.

    .. versionadded:: 2.0.2

    :param password: The plaintext password to hash
    """
    if use_double_hash():
        password = get_hmac(password).decode("ascii")

    # Passing in options as part of hash is deprecated in passlib 1.7
    # and new algorithms like argon2 don't even support it.
    return _pwd_context.hash(
        password,
        **config_value("PASSWORD_HASH_OPTIONS", default={}).get(
            config_value("PASSWORD_HASH"), {}
        ),
    )


def encode_string(string):
    """Encodes a string to bytes, if it isn't already.

    :param string: The string to encode"""

    if isinstance(string, str):
        string = string.encode("utf-8")
    return string


def hash_data(data):
    return _hashing_context.hash(encode_string(data))


def verify_hash(hashed_data, compare_data):
    return _hashing_context.verify(encode_string(compare_data), hashed_data)


def suppress_form_csrf():
    """
    Return meta contents if we should suppress form from attempting to validate CSRF.

    If app doesn't want CSRF for unauth endpoints then check if caller is authenticated
    or not (many endpoints can be called either way).
    """
    if get_request_attr("fs_ignore_csrf"):
        # This is the case where CsrfProtect was already called (e.g. @auth_required)
        return {"csrf": False}
    if (
        config_value("CSRF_IGNORE_UNAUTH_ENDPOINTS")
        and not current_user.is_authenticated
    ):
        return {"csrf": False}
    return {}


def do_flash(message: str, category: str) -> None:
    """Flash a message depending on if the `FLASH_MESSAGES` configuration
    value is set.

    :param message: The flash message
    :param category: The flash message category
    """
    if config_value("FLASH_MESSAGES"):
        flash(message, category)


def get_url(
    endpoint_or_url: t.Optional[str], qparams: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None
) -> t.Optional[str]:
    """Returns a URL if a valid endpoint is found. Otherwise, returns the
    provided value.

    :param endpoint_or_url: The endpoint name or URL to default to
    :param qparams: additional query params to add to end of url
    :return: URL
    """
    if not endpoint_or_url:
        return endpoint_or_url
    try:
        return transform_url(url_for(endpoint_or_url), qparams)
    except Exception:
        # This is an external URL (no endpoint defined in app)
        # For (mostly) testing - allow changing/adding the url - for example
        # add a different host:port for cases where the UI is running
        # separately.
        if config_value("REDIRECT_HOST"):
            url = transform_url(
                endpoint_or_url, qparams, netloc=config_value("REDIRECT_HOST")
            )
        else:
            url = transform_url(endpoint_or_url, qparams)

        return url


def slash_url_suffix(url, suffix):
    """Adds a slash either to the beginning or the end of a suffix
    (which is to be appended to a URL), depending on whether or not
    the URL ends with a slash."""

    return url.endswith("/") and ("%s/" % suffix) or ("/%s" % suffix)


def transform_url(
    url: t.Optional[str], qparams: t.Optional[t.Dict[str, str]] = None, **kwargs: str
) -> t.Optional[str]:
    """Modify url

    :param url: url to transform (can be relative)
    :param qparams: additional query params to add to end of url
    :param kwargs: pieces of URL to modify - e.g. netloc=localhost:8000
    :return: Modified URL

    .. versionadded:: 3.2.0
    """
    if not url:
        return url
    link_parse = urlsplit(url)
    if qparams:
        current_query = dict(parse_qsl(link_parse.query))
        current_query.update(qparams)
        link_parse = link_parse._replace(query=urlencode(current_query))
    return urlunsplit(link_parse._replace(**kwargs))


def get_security_endpoint_name(endpoint):
    return f"{_security.blueprint_name}.{endpoint}"


def url_for_security(endpoint: str, **values: t.Union[str, bool]) -> str:
    """Return a URL for the security blueprint

    :param endpoint: the endpoint of the URL (name of the function)
    :param values: the variable arguments of the URL rule
    :param _external: if set to `True`, an absolute URL is generated. Server
      address can be changed via `SERVER_NAME` configuration variable which
      defaults to `localhost`.
    :param _anchor: if provided this is added as anchor to the URL.
    :param _method: if provided this explicitly specifies an HTTP method.
    """
    endpoint = get_security_endpoint_name(endpoint)
    # mypy is complaining about this - but I think it's wrong?
    return url_for(endpoint, **values)  # type: ignore


def validate_redirect_url(url: str) -> bool:
    """Validate that the URL for redirect is relative.
    Allowing an absolute redirect is a security issue - a so-called open-redirect.
    Note that by default Werkzeug will always take this URL and make it relative
    when setting the Location header - but that behavior can be overridden.

    The complexity here is that urlsplit() does pretty well, but browsers even today
    May 2021 are very lenient in what they accept as URLs - for example:
        next=\\\\github.com
        next=%5C%5C%5Cgithub.com
        next=/////github.com
        next=%20\\\\github.com
        next=%20///github.com
        next=%20//github.com
        next=%19////github.com - i.e. browser will strip control chars
        next=%E2%80%8A///github.com - doesn't redirect! That is a unicode thin space.

    All will result in a null netloc and scheme from urlsplit - however many browsers
    will gladly strip off uninteresting characters and convert backslashes to forward
    slashes - and the cases above will actually cause a redirect to github.com
    Sigh.

    Some articles claim that a relative url has to start with a '/' - but that isn't
    strictly true. From: https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc3986#section-5
    a relative path can start with a "//", "/", a non-colon, or be empty. So it seems
    that all the above URLs are valid.
    By the time we get the URL, it has been unencoded - so we can't really determine
    if it is 'valid' since it appears that '/'s can appear in the URL if escaped.
    """
    if url is None or url.strip() == "":
        return False
    url_next = urlsplit(url)
    url_base = urlsplit(request.host_url)
    if (url_next.netloc or url_next.scheme) and url_next.netloc != url_base.netloc:
        base_domain = current_app.config.get("SERVER_NAME")
        if (
            config_value("REDIRECT_ALLOW_SUBDOMAINS")
            and base_domain
            and (
                url_next.netloc == base_domain
                or url_next.netloc.endswith(f".{base_domain}")
            )
        ):
            return True
        else:
            return False
    if config_value("REDIRECT_VALIDATE_MODE") == "regex":
        matcher = _security._redirect_validate_re.match(url)
        return matcher is None
    return True


def get_post_action_redirect(config_key: str, declared: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    urls = [
        get_url(request.args.get("next", None)),
        get_url(request.form.get("next", None)),
        find_redirect(config_key),
    ]
    if declared:
        urls.insert(0, declared)
    for url in urls:
        if url and validate_redirect_url(url):
            return url
    raise ValueError("No valid redirect URL found - configuration error")


def get_post_login_redirect(declared: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    return get_post_action_redirect("SECURITY_POST_LOGIN_VIEW", declared)


def get_post_register_redirect(declared: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    return get_post_action_redirect("SECURITY_POST_REGISTER_VIEW", declared)


def get_post_logout_redirect(declared: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    return get_post_action_redirect("SECURITY_POST_LOGOUT_VIEW", declared)


def get_post_verify_redirect(declared: t.Optional[str] = None) -> str:
    return get_post_action_redirect("SECURITY_POST_VERIFY_VIEW", declared)


def find_redirect(key: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
    """Returns the URL to redirect to after a user logs in successfully.

    :param key: The session or application configuration key to search for
    """
    rv = (
        get_url(session.pop(key.lower(), None))
        or get_url(current_app.config[key.upper()] or None)
        or current_app.config.get("APPLICATION_ROOT", "/")
    )
    return rv


def propagate_next(url: str) -> str:
    # return either URL or, if URL already has a ?next=xx, return that.
    url_next = urlsplit(url)
    qparams = parse_qs(url_next.query)
    if "next" in qparams:
        return qparams["next"][0]
    return url


def get_config(app: "Flask") -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
    """Conveniently get the security configuration for the specified
    application without the annoying 'SECURITY_' prefix.

    :param app: The application to inspect
    """
    items = app.config.items()
    prefix = "SECURITY_"

    def strip_prefix(tup):
        return tup[0].replace("SECURITY_", ""), tup[1]

    return dict([strip_prefix(i) for i in items if i[0].startswith(prefix)])


def get_message(key: str, **kwargs: t.Any) -> t.Tuple[str, str]:
    rv = config_value("MSG_" + key)
    return localize_callback(rv[0], **kwargs), rv[1]


def config_value(key, app=None, default=None, strict=True):
    """Get a Flask-Security configuration value.

    :param key: The configuration key without the prefix `SECURITY_`
    :param app: An optional specific application to inspect. Defaults to
                Flask's `current_app`
    :param default: An optional default value if the value is not set
    :param strict: if True, will raise ValueError if key doesn't exist
    """
    app = app or current_app
    key = f"SECURITY_{key.upper()}"
    # protect against spelling mistakes
    if strict and key not in app.config:
        raise ValueError(f"Key {key} doesn't exist")
    return app.config.get(key, default)


def get_max_age(key, app=None):
    td = get_within_delta(key + "_WITHIN", app)
    return td.seconds + td.days * 24 * 3600


def get_within_delta(key, app=None):
    """Get a timedelta object from the application configuration following
    the internal convention of::

        <Amount of Units> <Type of Units>

    Examples of valid config values::

        5 days
        10 minutes

    :param key: The config value key without the `SECURITY_` prefix
    :param app: Optional application to inspect. Defaults to Flask's
                `current_app`
    """
    txt = config_value(key, app=app)
    values = txt.split()
    return datetime.timedelta(**{values[1]: int(values[0])})


def send_mail(subject, recipient, template, **context):
    """Send an email.

    :param subject: Email subject
    :param recipient: Email recipient
    :param template: The name of the email template
    :param context: The context to render the template with

    This formats the email and passes it off to :class:`.MailUtil` to actually send the
    message.
    """

    context.setdefault("security", _security)
    context.update(_security._run_ctx_processor("mail"))

    body = None
    html = None
    ctx = ("security/email", template)
    if config_value("EMAIL_PLAINTEXT"):
        body = _security.render_template("%s/%s.txt" % ctx, **context)
    if config_value("EMAIL_HTML"):
        html = _security.render_template("%s/%s.html" % ctx, **context)

    subject = localize_callback(subject)

    sender = _security.email_sender
    if isinstance(sender, LocalProxy):
        sender = sender._get_current_object()

    # In Flask-Mail, sender can be a two element tuple -- (name, address)
    if isinstance(sender, tuple) and len(sender) == 2:
        sender = (str(sender[0]), str(sender[1]))
    else:
        sender = str(sender)

    _security._mail_util.send_mail(
        template, subject, recipient, sender, body, html, context.get("user", None)
    )


def get_token_status(token, serializer, max_age=None, return_data=False):
    """Get the status of a token.

    :param token: The token to check
    :param serializer: The name of the serializer. Can be one of the
                       following: ``confirm``, ``login``, ``reset``
    :param max_age: The name of the max age config option. Can be one of
                    the following: ``CONFIRM_EMAIL``, ``LOGIN``,
                    ``RESET_PASSWORD``
    """
    serializer = getattr(_security, serializer + "_serializer")
    max_age = get_max_age(max_age)
    user, data = None, None
    expired, invalid = False, False

    try:
        data = serializer.loads(token, max_age=max_age)
    except SignatureExpired:
        d, data = serializer.loads_unsafe(token)
        expired = True
    except (BadSignature, TypeError, ValueError):
        invalid = True

    if data:
        user = _datastore.find_user(fs_uniquifier=data[0])

    expired = expired and (user is not None)

    if return_data:
        return expired, invalid, user, data
    else:
        return expired, invalid, user


def check_and_get_token_status(
    token: str, serializer_name: str, within: datetime.timedelta
) -> t.Tuple[bool, bool, t.Any]:
    """Get the status of a token and return data.

    :param token: The token to check
    :param serializer_name: The name of the serializer. Can be one of the
                       following: ``confirm``, ``login``, ``reset``, ``us_setup``
                       ``remember``, ``two_factor_validity``
    :param within: max age - passed as a timedelta

    :return: a tuple of (expired, invalid, data)

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
    """
    serializer = getattr(_security, serializer_name + "_serializer")
    max_age = within.total_seconds()
    data = None
    expired, invalid = False, False

    try:
        data = serializer.loads(token, max_age=max_age)
    except SignatureExpired:
        d, data = serializer.loads_unsafe(token)
        expired = True
    except (BadSignature, TypeError, ValueError):
        invalid = True

    return expired, invalid, data


def get_identity_attributes(app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None) -> t.List[str]:
    # Return list of keys of identity attributes
    # Is it possible to not have any?
    app = app or current_app
    iattrs = app.config["SECURITY_USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES"]
    if iattrs:
        return [[*f][0] for f in iattrs]
    return []


def get_identity_attribute(
    attr: str, app: t.Optional["Flask"] = None
) -> t.Dict[str, t.Any]:
    """Given an user_identity_attribute, return the defining dict.
    A bit annoying since USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES is a list of dict
    where each dict has just one key.
    """
    app = app or current_app
    iattrs = app.config["SECURITY_USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES"]
    if iattrs:
        details = [
            mapping[attr] for mapping in iattrs if list(mapping.keys())[0] == attr
        ]
        if details:
            return details[0]
    return {}


def find_user(identity):
    """
    Validate identity - we go in order to figure out which user attribute the
    request gave us. Note that we give up on the first 'match' even if that
    doesn't yield a user. Why?
    """
    for mapping in config_value("USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES"):
        attr = list(mapping.keys())[0]
        details = mapping[attr]
        idata = details["mapper"](identity)
        if idata:
            user = _datastore.find_user(
                case_insensitive=details.get("case_insensitive", False), **{attr: idata}
            )
            return user
    return None


def uia_phone_mapper(identity: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
    """Used to match identity as a phone number. This is a simple proxy
    to :py:class:`PhoneUtil`

    See :py:data:`SECURITY_USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES`.

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
    """
    ph = _security._phone_util.get_canonical_form(identity)
    return ph


def uia_email_mapper(identity: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
    """Used to match identity as an email.

    :return: Normalized email or None if not valid email.

    See :py:data:`SECURITY_USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES`.

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
    """

    try:
        return _security._mail_util.normalize(identity)
    except ValueError:
        return None


def uia_username_mapper(identity: str) -> t.Optional[str]:
    """Used to match identity as a username. This is a simple proxy
    to :py:class:`UsernameUtil`

    See :py:data:`SECURITY_USER_IDENTITY_ATTRIBUTES`.

    .. versionadded:: 4.1.0
    """
    return _security._username_util.normalize(identity)


def use_double_hash(password_hash=None):
    """Return a bool indicating whether a password should be hashed twice."""
    # Default to plaintext for backward compatibility with
    # SECURITY_PASSWORD_SINGLE_HASH = False
    single_hash = config_value("PASSWORD_SINGLE_HASH") or {"plaintext"}

    if password_hash is None:
        scheme = _security.password_hash
    else:
        scheme = _pwd_context.identify(password_hash)

    return not (single_hash is True or scheme in single_hash)


def csrf_cookie_handler(response: "Response") -> "Response":
    """Called at end of every request.
    Uses session to track state (set/clear)

    Ideally we just need to set this once - however by default
    Flask-WTF has a time-out on these tokens governed by *WTF_CSRF_TIME_LIMIT*.
    While we could set that to None - and OWASP implies this is fine - that might
    not be agreeable to everyone.
    So as a basic usability hack - we check if it is expired and re-generate so at least
    the user doesn't have to log out and back in (just refresh).
    We also support a *CSRF_COOKIE_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST* analogous to Flask's
    *SESSION_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST*

    It is of course removed on logout/session end.
    Other info on web suggests replacing on every POST and accepting up to 'age' ago.
    """
    csrf_cookie = config_value("CSRF_COOKIE")
    csrf_cookie_name = config_value("CSRF_COOKIE_NAME")
    if not csrf_cookie_name:
        return response

    op = session.get("fs_cc", None)
    if not op:
        remember_cookie_name = current_app.config.get(
            "REMEMBER_COOKIE_NAME", REMEMBER_COOKIE_NAME
        )
        has_remember_cookie = (
            remember_cookie_name in request.cookies
            and session.get("remember") != "clear"
        )
        # Set cookie if successfully logged in with flask_login's remember cookie
        if has_remember_cookie and current_user.is_authenticated:
            op = "set"
        else:
            return response

    if op == "clear":
        # Alas delete_cookie only accepts some of the keywords set_cookie does
        # and Werkzeug didn't accept samesite, secure, httponly until 2.0
        allowed = ["path", "domain", "secure", "httponly", "samesite"]
        if parse_version(werkzeug_version) < parse_version("2.0.0"):  # pragma: no cover
            allowed = ["path", "domain"]
        args = {k: csrf_cookie.get(k) for k in allowed if k in csrf_cookie}
        response.delete_cookie(csrf_cookie_name, **args)
        session.pop("fs_cc")
        return response

    # Send a cookie if any of:
    # 1) CSRF_COOKIE_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST is true
    # 2) fs_cc == "set" - this is on first login
    # 3) existing cookie has expired
    send = False
    if op == "set":
        send = True
        session["fs_cc"] = "sent"
    elif config_value("CSRF_COOKIE_REFRESH_EACH_REQUEST"):
        send = True
    elif current_app.config["WTF_CSRF_TIME_LIMIT"]:
        current_cookie = request.cookies.get(csrf_cookie_name, None)
        if current_cookie:
            # Lets make sure it isn't expired if app doesn't set TIME_LIMIT to None.
            try:
                csrf.validate_csrf(current_cookie)
            except ValidationError:
                send = True

    if send:
        response.set_cookie(csrf_cookie_name, value=csrf.generate_csrf(), **csrf_cookie)
    return response


def base_render_json(
    form,
    include_user=True,
    include_auth_token=False,
    additional=None,
    error_status_code=400,
):
    """
    This method is called by all views that return JSON responses.
    This fills in the response and then calls :meth:`.Security.render_json`
    which can be overridden by the app.
    """
    has_errors = len(form.errors) > 0

    user = form.user if hasattr(form, "user") else None
    if has_errors:
        code = error_status_code
        payload = json_error_response(errors=form.errors)
    else:
        code = 200
        payload = dict()
        if user:
            # This allows anonymous GETs via JSON
            if include_user:
                payload["user"] = user.get_security_payload()

            if include_auth_token:
                # view willing to return auth_token - check behavior config
                if (
                    config_value("BACKWARDS_COMPAT_AUTH_TOKEN")
                    or "include_auth_token" in request.args
                ):
                    try:
                        token = user.get_auth_token()
                    except ValueError:
                        # application has fs_token_uniquifier attribute but it
                        # hasn't been initialized. Since we are in a request context
                        # we can do that here.
                        _datastore.set_token_uniquifier(user)
                        after_this_request(view_commit)
                        token = user.get_auth_token()
                    payload["user"]["authentication_token"] = token

        # Return csrf_token on each JSON response - just as every form
        # has it rendered.
        payload["csrf_token"] = csrf.generate_csrf()
        if additional:
            payload.update(additional)

    return _security._render_json(payload, code, None, user)


def default_want_json(req):
    """Return True if response should be in json
    N.B. do not call this directly - use security.want_json()

    :param req: Flask/Werkzeug Request
    """
    if req.is_json:
        return True
    # TODO should this handle json sub-types?
    accept_mimetypes = req.accept_mimetypes
    if not hasattr(req.accept_mimetypes, "best"):  # pragma: no cover
        # Alright. we dont have the best property, lets add it ourselves.
        # This is for quart compatibility
        accept_mimetypes.best = best
    if accept_mimetypes.best == "application/json":
        return True
    return False


def json_error_response(errors):
    """Helper to create an error response that adheres to the openapi spec."""
    if isinstance(errors, str):
        # When the errors is a string, use the response/error/message format
        response_json = dict(error=errors)
    elif isinstance(errors, dict):
        # When the errors is a dict, use the DefaultJsonErrorResponse
        # (response/errors/name/messages) format
        response_json = dict(errors=errors)
    else:
        raise TypeError("The errors argument should be either a str or dict.")

    return response_json


class FsJsonEncoder(JSONEncoder):
    """Flask-Security JSON encoder.
    Extends Flask's JSONencoder to handle lazy-text.

    .. versionadded:: 3.3.0
    """

    def default(self, obj):
        from .babel import is_lazy_string

        if is_lazy_string(obj):
            return str(obj)
        else:
            return JSONEncoder.default(self, obj)


def default_render_template(*args, **kwargs):
    return render_template(*args, **kwargs)


class SmsSenderBaseClass(metaclass=abc.ABCMeta):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        pass

    @abc.abstractmethod
    def send_sms(
        self, from_number: str, to_number: str, msg: str
    ) -> None:  # pragma: no cover
        """Abstract method for sending sms messages

        .. versionadded:: 3.2.0
        """
        return


class DummySmsSender(SmsSenderBaseClass):
    def send_sms(self, from_number, to_number, msg):  # pragma: no cover
        """Do nothing."""
        return


class SmsSenderFactory:
    senders: t.Dict[str, t.Type[SmsSenderBaseClass]] = {"Dummy": DummySmsSender}

    @classmethod
    def createSender(cls, name, *args, **kwargs):
        """Initialize an SMS sender.

        :param name: Name as registered in SmsSenderFactory:senders (e.g. 'Twilio')

        .. versionadded:: 3.2.0
        """
        return cls.senders[name](*args, **kwargs)


try:  # pragma: no cover
    from twilio.rest import Client

    class TwilioSmsSender(SmsSenderBaseClass):
        def __init__(self):
            super().__init__()
            self.account_sid = config_value("SMS_SERVICE_CONFIG")["ACCOUNT_SID"]
            self.auth_token = config_value("SMS_SERVICE_CONFIG")["AUTH_TOKEN"]

        def send_sms(self, from_number, to_number, msg):
            """Send message via twilio account."""
            client = Client(self.account_sid, self.auth_token)
            client.messages.create(to=to_number, from_=from_number, body=msg)

    SmsSenderFactory.senders["Twilio"] = TwilioSmsSender
except Exception:
    pass


def password_length_validator(password: str) -> t.Optional[t.List[str]]:
    """Test password for length.

    :param password: Plain text password to check

    :return: ``None`` if password conforms to length requirements,
     a list of error/suggestions if not.

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0

    """
    if len(password) < config_value("PASSWORD_LENGTH_MIN") or len(password) > 128:
        return [
            get_message(
                "PASSWORD_INVALID_LENGTH", length=config_value("PASSWORD_LENGTH_MIN")
            )[0]
        ]
    return None


def password_complexity_validator(
    password: str, is_register: bool, **kwargs: t.Any
) -> t.Optional[t.List[str]]:
    """Test password for complexity.

    Currently just supports 'zxcvbn'.

    :param password: Plain text password to check
    :param is_register: if True then kwargs are arbitrary additional info. (e.g.
        info from a registration form). If False, must be a SINGLE key "user" that
        corresponds to the current_user. All string values will be extracted and
        sent to the complexity checker.
    :param kwargs:

    :return: ``None`` if password is complex enough, a list of error/suggestions if not.
        Be aware that zxcvbn does not (easily) provide a way to localize messages.

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
    """

    if config_value("PASSWORD_COMPLEXITY_CHECKER") == "zxcvbn":
        import zxcvbn

        user_info: t.List[t.Any] = []
        if not is_register:
            for v in kwargs["user"].__dict__.values():
                if v and isinstance(v, str):
                    user_info.append(v)
        else:
            # This is usually all register form values that are in the user_model
            if kwargs:
                user_info = list(kwargs.values())
        results = zxcvbn.zxcvbn(password, user_inputs=user_info)
        if results["score"] > 2:
            # Good or Strong
            return None
        # Should we return suggestions? Default forms don't really know what to do.
        if results["feedback"]["warning"]:
            # Note that these come from zxcvbn and
            # aren't localizable via Flask-Security
            return [results["feedback"]["warning"]]
        return [get_message("PASSWORD_TOO_SIMPLE")[0]]
    else:
        return None


def password_breached_validator(password: str) -> t.Optional[t.List[str]]:
    """Check if password on breached list.
    Does nothing unless :py:data:`SECURITY_PASSWORD_CHECK_BREACHED` is set.
    If password is found on the breached list, return an error if the count is
    greater than or equal to :py:data:`SECURITY_PASSWORD_BREACHED_COUNT`.
    Uses :meth:`pwned`.

    :param password: Plain text password to check

    :return: ``None`` if password passes breached tests, else a list of error messages.

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
    """
    pwn = config_value("PASSWORD_CHECK_BREACHED")
    if pwn:
        try:
            cnt = pwned(password)
            if cnt >= config_value("PASSWORD_BREACHED_COUNT"):
                return [get_message("PASSWORD_BREACHED")[0]]
        except Exception:
            if pwn == "strict":
                return [get_message("PASSWORD_BREACHED_SITE_ERROR")[0]]
    return None


def pwned(password: str) -> int:
    """
    Check password against pwnedpasswords API using k-Anonymity.
    https://haveibeenpwned.com/API/v3

    :return: Count of password in DB (0 means hasn't been compromised)

    Can raise HTTPError

    .. versionadded:: 3.4.0
    """

    def convert_password_tuple(value):
        hash_suffix, count = value.split(":")
        return hash_suffix, int(count)

    sha1 = hashlib.sha1(password.encode("utf8")).hexdigest()

    req = urllib.request.Request(
        url=f"https://api.pwnedpasswords.com/range/{sha1[:5].upper()}",
        headers={"User-Agent": "Flask-Security (Python)"},
    )
    # Might raise HTTPError
    with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as f:
        response = f.read()

    raw = response.decode("utf-8-sig")

    entries = dict(map(convert_password_tuple, raw.upper().split("\r\n")))
    return entries.get(sha1[5:].upper(), 0)
