import functools
import os
import sys
import uuid
from inspect import getfullargspec
from typing import Callable

from . import exceptions

# This is only a subset of the chars allowed per the spec. In particular `@` is
# not included, because there are some servers that (incorrectly) encode it to
# `%40` when it's part of a URL path, and reject or "repair" URLs that contain
# `@` in the path. So it's better to just avoid it.
SAFE_UID_CHARS = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_.-+"


_missing = object()


def expand_path(p: str) -> str:
    """Expand $HOME in a path and normalise slashes."""
    p = os.path.expanduser(p)
    p = os.path.normpath(p)
    return p


def split_dict(d: dict, f: Callable):
    """Puts key into first dict if f(key), otherwise in second dict"""
    a = {}
    b = {}
    for k, v in d.items():
        if f(k):
            a[k] = v
        else:
            b[k] = v
    return a, b


def uniq(s):
    """Filter duplicates while preserving order. ``set`` can almost always be
    used instead of this, but preserving order might prove useful for
    debugging."""
    d = set()
    for x in s:
        if x not in d:
            d.add(x)
            yield x


def get_etag_from_file(f):
    """Get etag from a filepath or file-like object.

    This function will flush/sync the file as much as necessary to obtain a
    correct value.
    """
    if hasattr(f, "read"):
        f.flush()  # Only this is necessary on Linux
        if sys.platform == "win32":
            os.fsync(f.fileno())  # Apparently necessary on Windows
        stat = os.fstat(f.fileno())
    else:
        stat = os.stat(f)

    mtime = getattr(stat, "st_mtime_ns", None)
    if mtime is None:
        mtime = stat.st_mtime
    return f"{mtime:.9f};{stat.st_ino}"


def get_storage_init_specs(cls, stop_at=object):
    if cls is stop_at:
        return ()

    spec = getfullargspec(cls.__init__)
    traverse_superclass = getattr(cls.__init__, "_traverse_superclass", True)
    if traverse_superclass:
        if traverse_superclass is True:  # noqa
            supercls = next(
                getattr(x.__init__, "__objclass__", x) for x in cls.__mro__[1:]
            )
        else:
            supercls = traverse_superclass
        superspecs = get_storage_init_specs(supercls, stop_at=stop_at)
    else:
        superspecs = ()

    return (spec,) + superspecs


def get_storage_init_args(cls, stop_at=object):
    """
    Get args which are taken during class initialization. Assumes that all
    classes' __init__ calls super().__init__ with the rest of the arguments.

    :param cls: The class to inspect.
    :returns: (all, required), where ``all`` is a set of all arguments the
        class can take, and ``required`` is the subset of arguments the class
        requires.
    """
    all, required = set(), set()
    for spec in get_storage_init_specs(cls, stop_at=stop_at):
        all.update(spec.args[1:])
        last = -len(spec.defaults) if spec.defaults else len(spec.args)
        required.update(spec.args[1:last])

    return all, required


def checkdir(path: str, create: bool = False, mode: int = 0o750) -> None:
    """Check whether ``path`` is a directory.

    :param create: Whether to create the directory (and all parent directories)
        if it does not exist.
    :param mode: Mode to create missing directories with.
    """

    if not os.path.isdir(path):
        if os.path.exists(path):
            raise OSError(f"{path} is not a directory.")
        if create:
            os.makedirs(path, mode)
        else:
            raise exceptions.CollectionNotFound(f"Directory {path} does not exist.")


def checkfile(path, create=False):
    """
    Check whether ``path`` is a file.

    :param create: Whether to create the file's parent directories if they do
        not exist.
    """
    checkdir(os.path.dirname(path), create=create)
    if not os.path.isfile(path):
        if os.path.exists(path):
            raise OSError(f"{path} is not a file.")
        if create:
            with open(path, "wb"):
                pass
        else:
            raise exceptions.CollectionNotFound(f"File {path} does not exist.")


class cached_property:
    """A read-only @property that is only evaluated once. Only usable on class
    instances' methods.
    """

    def __init__(self, fget, doc=None):
        self.__name__ = fget.__name__
        self.__module__ = fget.__module__
        self.__doc__ = doc or fget.__doc__
        self.fget = fget

    def __get__(self, obj, cls):
        if obj is None:  # pragma: no cover
            return self
        obj.__dict__[self.__name__] = result = self.fget(obj)
        return result


def href_safe(ident, safe=SAFE_UID_CHARS):
    return not bool(set(ident) - set(safe))


def generate_href(ident=None, safe=SAFE_UID_CHARS):
    """
    Generate a safe identifier, suitable for URLs, storage hrefs or UIDs.

    If the given ident string is safe, it will be returned, otherwise a random
    UUID.
    """
    if not ident or not href_safe(ident, safe):
        return str(uuid.uuid4())
    else:
        return ident


def synchronized(lock=None):
    if lock is None:
        from threading import Lock

        lock = Lock()

    def inner(f):
        @functools.wraps(f)
        def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
            with lock:
                return f(*args, **kwargs)

        return wrapper

    return inner


def open_graphical_browser(url, new=0, autoraise=True):
    """Open a graphical web browser.

    This is basically like `webbrowser.open`, but without trying to launch CLI
    browsers at all. We're excluding those since it's undesirable to launch
    those when you're using vdirsyncer on a server. Rather copypaste the URL
    into the local browser, or use the URL-yanking features of your terminal
    emulator.
    """
    import webbrowser

    cli_names = {"www-browser", "links", "links2", "elinks", "lynx", "w3m"}

    if webbrowser._tryorder is None:  # Python 3.7
        webbrowser.register_standard_browsers()

    for name in webbrowser._tryorder:
        if name in cli_names:
            continue

        browser = webbrowser.get(name)
        if browser.open(url, new, autoraise):
            return

    raise RuntimeError("No graphical browser found. Please open the URL " "manually.")
