Cacti – Installing on CentOS 7

# Installing on CentOS 7

## LEMP (Linux, Nginx, MySQL, PHP) Required packages

### Web Server

1. Install Nginx

       yum install -y nginx

2. Enable and start the service to ensure it starts when the system reboots

       systemctl start nginx
       systemctl enable nginx

### Example configuration file for Nginx and SSL

This example assumes you have your own certificates already. You should make sure you change the paths to match your setup.

Replace `YourOwnCertFile.crt` and `YourOwnCertFile.key` with the names of the files holding your certificate (`.crt`) and private key (`.key`).

    /etc/nginx/conf.d/cacti.conf

    # Advanced config for NGINX
    #server_tokens off;
    add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

    # Redirect all HTTP traffic to HTTPS
    server {
       listen 80;
       server_name cacti.yourdomain.com; #No one likes unencrypted web servers
       #return 301 https://$host$request_uri; # some nginx do not support 'return';
    }

    # SSL configuration
    server {
       listen 443 ssl default deferred;
       server_name cacti.yourdomain.com;
       root /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti;
       index index.php index.html index.htm;

       # Compression increases performance0
       gzip on;
       gzip_types      text/plain text/html text/xml text/css application/xml application/javascript application/x-javascript application/rss+xml application/xhtml+xml;
       gzip_proxied    no-cache no-store private expired auth;
       gzip_min_length 1000;

       location / {
          try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php$query_string;
       }

       error_page 404 /404.html;
       error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
       location = /50x.html {
          root /usr/share/nginx/html/;
       }

       location ~ \.php$ {
          alias /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti;
          index index.php
          try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
          fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.+)$;

          # you may have to change the path here for your OS
          fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
          fastcgi_index index.php;
          fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
          include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
       }

       location /cacti {
          root /usr/share/nginx/html/;
          index index.php index.html index.htm;
          location ~ ^/cacti/(.+\.php)$ {
             try_files $uri =404;
             root /usr/share/nginx/html;

             # you may have to change the path here for your OS
             fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock;
             fastcgi_index index.php;
             fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
             include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params;
          }

          location ~* ^/cacti/(.+\.(jpg|jpeg|gif|css|png|js|ico|html|xml|txt))$ {
             expires max;
             log_not_found off;
          }
       }

       location /doc/ {
          alias /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti/doc/;
          location ~* ^/docs/(.+\.(html|md|txt))$ {
             root /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti/;
             autoindex on;
             allow 127.0.0.1; # Change this to allow your local networks
             allow ::1;
             deny all;
          }
       }

       location /cacti/rra/ {
          deny all;
       }

       ## Access and error logs.
       access_log /var/log/nginx/cacti_access.log;
       error_log  /var/log/nginx/cacti_error.log info;

       ssl_certificate      /etc/ssl/certs/YourOwnCertFile.crt;
       ssl_certificate_key  /etc/ssl/private/YourOwnCertKey.key;

       # Improve HTTPS performance with session resumption
       ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
       ssl_session_timeout 5m;

       # Enable server-side protection against BEAST attacks
       #ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
       ssl_ciphers ECDH+AESGCM:ECDH+AES256:ECDH+AES128:DH+3DES:!ADH:!AECDH:!MD5;

       # Disable SSLv3
       ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;

       # Diffie-Hellman parameter for DHE cipher suites
       # $ sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem 4096
       ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/certs/dhparam.pem;

       # Enable HSTS (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Security/HTTP_Strict_Transport_Security)
       add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=63072000; includeSubdomains";
    }

### Database Server

The choice between MySQL server and MariaDB is normally down to the OS maintainers if you use one of the predefined LAMP setup installations. If you are deciding between these yourself, you should research this via your favorite search engine.

Whilst MySQL is the original open source SQL database server created in 1995 which is now owned by Oracle, MariaDB is designed as a drop-in replacement by some of the original MySQL developers / owners. This will likely continue to be a drop-in alternative until there is a major divergence that can not be bridged.

#### MySQL

1. Install MySQL server

       yum install -y mysql mysql-server

2. Enable and start the service to ensure it starts when the system reboots

       systemctl enable mysqld
       systemctl start mysqld

#### MariaDB

1. Install MariaDB server

       yum install -y MariaDB-server MariaDB-client

2. Enable and start the service to ensure it starts when the system reboots

       systemctl enable mariadb
       systemctl start mariadb

### MySQL/MariaDB common tasks and recommendations

IMPORTANT: Secure your MySQL installation before doing any more changes

    /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation

The following MySQL/MariaDB recommendations may vary depending on your system setup. In any case, Cacti will prompt you with more accurate recommendations during the installation.

1. Edit your server.cnf file

       vim /etc/my.cnf.d/server.cnf

   The following `[mysqld]` section is a base configuration. The installer will provide recommendations based on the actual system which will be more tailored to your environment.

       [mysqld]
       character-set-server=utf8mb4
       collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
       max_allowed_packet=18M
       max_heap_table_size=98M
       tmp_table_size=64M
       join_buffer_size=64M
       innodb_buffer_pool_size=488M
       innodb_doublewrite=OFF
       innodb_flush_log_at_timeout=3
       innodb_read_io_threads=32
       innodb_write_io_threads=16
       log-error                      = /var/log/mysql/mysql-error.log
       log-queries-not-using-indexes  = 1
       slow-query-log                 = 1
       slow-query-log-file            = /var/log/mysql/mysql-slow.log

2. Restart MySQL/MariaDB service to pick up the changes

       systemctl restart mysql

3. Populate timezone table with available timezones

       mysql_tzinfo_to_sql /usr/share/zoneinfo | mysql -u root -p mysql

#### Setup Cacti database

1. Login to MySQL/MariaDB as root to create Cacti database

       # mysql -u root -p
       MariaDB [(none)]> create database if not exists cacti;
       Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

2. Import Cacti database from SQL file

       MariaDB [(none)]> use cacti;
       Database changed
       MariaDB [(cacti)]> source /var/www/html/cacti/cacti.sql

3. Grant Cacti username access to Cacti database. Replace `your_cacti_username` and `your_cacti_password` with your own details.

       MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON cacti.* TO 'your_cacti_username'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY
       'your_cacti_password';
       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

4. Grant cacti username to MySQL timezone table

       MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON mysql.time_zone_name TO 'cacti'@'localhost';
       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
       MariaDB [(none)]> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
       Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

### Common PHP packages

#### PHP

PHP and various packages are all required by Cacti for successful operation

1. Install PHP and required packages.

       yum install -y php php-common php-bcmath php-cli \
       php-mysqlnd php-gd php-gmp php-intl \
       php-json php-ldap php-mbstring \
       php-pdo php-pear php-snmp php-process \
       php-xml php-zip php-fpm

Note: php-fpm is only required if your Web Server is Nginx

2. Set a timezone to your PHP.INI configuration

   Edit php.ini, typically located at `/etc/php.ini`

       date.timezone = Pacific/Auckland

3. Disable insecure `cgi.fix_pathinfo`

       cgi.fix_pathinfo=0

#### Setup php-fpm

1. Enable and start the service to ensure it starts when the system reboots

       systemctl start php-fpm
       systemctl enable php-fpm

2. Edit `/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf`

   Find `listen = 127.0.0.1:9000` and add the following line below

       listen = /var/run/php-fpm/php-fpm.sock

   Find `listen.owner` and `listen.group` and set them to nginx

       listen.owner = nginx
       listen.group = nginx

   Find user and group and set them to `nginx`

       user = nginx
       group = nginx

   Restart php-fpm to pick up the changes

       systemctl restart php-fpm

### RRDtool

RRDtool is required to store the data retrieved from devices in `.rra` files to produce the graphs which are shown within Cacti

    yum install -y rrdtool

### SNMP

SNMP is used to query most devices for information.

    yum install -y net-snmp net-snmp-utils
    echo "rocommunity public" > /etc/snmp/snmpd.conf
    systemctl enable snmpd
    systemctl start snmpd

### Cacti

The following steps will show you how to manually download, install and configure the basics for Cacti.

1. Download Cacti source code from Cacti Web Site

       cd /tmp
       wget https://www.cacti.net/downloads/cacti-1.y.z.tar.gz
       tar -zxvf cacti-1.y.z.tar.gz
       mv -v cacti-1.y.z /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti

2. Edit the config.php file

       mv -v /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti/include/config.php-dist /usr/share/nginx/html/cacti/include/config.php

3. Update database_ fields with your own details. This section only applies to the Main Cacti Server

       $database_type     = 'mysql';
       $database_default  = 'your_cacti_database';
       $database_hostname = 'localhost';
       $database_username = 'your_cacti_username';
       $database_password = 'your_cacti_password';
       $database_port     = '3306';
       $database_ssl      = false;
       $database_ssl_key  = '';
       $database_ssl_cert = '';
       $database_ssl_ca   = '';

4. Set your cookie domain to match your web site domain name

       $cacti_cookie_domain = 'cacti.yourdomain.com';

5. Create your cron task file or systemd units file

   Starting with Cacti 1.2.16, you have the option to use either the legacy Crontab entry, or an optional cactid units file and server to run your Cacti pollers.

   For Crontab use, follow the instructions below:

   Create and edit `/etc/cron.d/cacti` file. Make sure to setup the correct path to poller.php

       */5 * * * * nginx php /var/www/html/cacti/poller.php &>/dev/null

   For systemd unit's file install, you will need to modify the included units file to following your install location and desired user and group's to run the Cacti poller as. To complete the task, follow the procedure below:

       vim /var/www/html/cacti/service/cactid.service (edit the path)
       touch /etc/sysconfig/cactid
       cp -p /var/www/html/cacti/service/cactid.service /etc/systemd/system
       systemctl enable cactid
       systemctl start cactid
       systemctl status cactid

   The systemd units file makes managing a highly available Cacti setup a bit more convenient.

#### Spine

1. Install the necessary packages to compile and install spine

       yum install -y autoconf automake libtool dos2unix help2man \
       openssl-devel mariadb-devel net-snmp-devel

2. Download spine source code from Cacti Web Site

   Go to /tmp to download the source code and extract it

       cd /tmp
       wget https://www.cacti.net/downloads/spine/cacti-spine-1.y.z.tar.gz
       tar -zxvf cacti-spine-1.y.z.tar.gz
       cd cacti-spine-1.y.z

3. Run the configure script and compile spine.

       # ./configure
       # make &  make install
       config/install-sh -c -d '/usr/local/spine/bin'
       /bin/sh ./libtool   --mode=install /usr/bin/install -c spine '/usr/local/spine/bin'
       libtool: install: /usr/bin/install -c spine /usr/local/spine/bin/spine

config/install-sh -c -d '/usr/local/spine/etc' /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 spine.conf.dist '/usr/local/spine/etc' config/install-sh -c -d '/usr/local/spine/share/man/man1' /usr/bin/install -c -m 644 spine.1 '/usr/local/spine/share/man/man1'

    4. Edit spine.conf

    Rename spine.conf.dist to spine.conf

    ```console
    mv -v /usr/local/spine/etc/spine.conf.dist /usr/local/spine/etc/spine.conf
    vi /usr/local/spine/etc/spine.conf

5. Now set up your database connection

       DB_Host       localhost
       DB_Database   your_cacti_database
       DB_User       your_cacti_username
       DB_Pass       your_cacti_password
       DB_Port       3306
       #DB_UseSSL    0
       #RDB_SSL_Key
       #RDB_SSL_Cert
       #RDB_SSL_CA

### Security Enhanced Linux (SELinux)

If you are having issues to access the web page, disable SELinux temporarily to prove that the issues come from the SELinux policy. It is NOT recommended to disable SELinux permanently.

CentOS has a lot of documentation on how to make your SELinux policy right.

Check SELinux status

    getenforce

Disable SELinux temporarily

    setenforce 0

Enable SELinux back

    setenforce 1

Note: If you installed Cacti out of `/usr/share/nginx/html` make sure you fix up all SELinux context and permissions.

Copyright (c) 2004-2022 The Cacti Group