Blender (简体中文) - ArchWiki

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翻译状态：本文是 Blender 的翻译。上次翻译日期：2022-10-09。如果英文版本有所更改，则您可以帮助同步翻译。

Blender 是最为知名的开源3D建模程序。

## 安装

安装软件包 blender 。

## GPU 渲染

Blender官方只支持AMD (GCN显卡：AMDGPU；pre-GCN：ATI) 和 NVIDIA 的专有驱动。在安装完专有驱动后，您可以在 编辑 > 偏好设置... > 系统中选择显卡作为渲染设备。

### AMD 开源驱动上的 HIP

对于支持的GPU而言 (GFX9, CDNA, 以及 RDNA, 详情请参考 官方的硬件兼容列表)， blender-rocmAUR 可以通过 HIP 和 Mesa 来获得GPU加速。

## 专业的渲染插件

Blender在专业领域以及工业上越来越知名。因此，目前已有不少EEVEE和Cycles渲染引擎的替代品，它们以插件的形式存在。以下列出了在Linux上发布或者即将发布的专业渲染插件列表。

### BlendNet

BlendNet 是一个开源的插件，它能让多台机器上的CPU和GPU协作渲染。

BlendNet内置了对主要云服务的支持，例如AWS, Azure 或者 GCP, 而且也支持您自己的渲染农场。

#### 集成云服务器

1. 安装软件包 blendnetAUR。
2. 在 偏好设置 -> 插件 -> Render: BlendNet 中启用BlendNet插件
3. 按照官方BlendNet wiki的指引，配置好AWS、Azure或GCP上的渲染农场

#### 自建服务器

blendnetAUR 提供了systemd单元和配置，这让您能便利地部署您自己的CUDA GPU加速的Blendnet渲染农场。

BlendNet渲染农场由一个“管理员”实例与多个代理机器组成。 blender插件连接到管理员，借此安排渲染作业。 参看 BlendNet wiki 以了解更多和BlendNet架构有关的内容。

首先，请在管理员、代理和安装插件的机器上都安装好 blendnetAUR，然后按照以下步骤执行。

##### Setup: 管理员

1. Copy `/etc/blendnet/server.key` and `/etc/blendnet/server.crt` to all Agent and Addon machines, to `/etc/blendnet/`.
2. Edit `/etc/blendnet/manager.json`, adding a manager username and password.
3. Edit `/etc/blendnet/manager.json`, adding an agent username and password.
4. Start/enable the `blendnet-manager.service` unit.

##### Setup: Agent

1. Edit `/etc/blendnet/agent.json`, adding the same agent username and password used in the Manager.
2. Start/enable the `blendnet-agent.service` unit.

If cuda is installed, blendnetAUR will automatically enable GPU+CPU acceleration: you can check whether GPU acceleration is in use by checking the agent logs:

    $ journalctl -xefu blendnet-agent.service

##### Setup: Addon

1. Enable the BlendNet plugin in Preferences -> Add-ons -> Enable "Render: BlendNet".
2. Configure the plugin with the Manager/Agent usernames and passwords.
3. Specify the CA certificate located in `/etc/blendnet/server.crt`.
4. Close Preferences, open the Render tab and switch to the Cycles rendering engine (**NOT** BlendNet!).
5. Add all Agents using the `+` button in the new "BlendNet Render (local)" Cycles panel.
6. Follow the BlendNet rendering instructions.

### LuxCoreRender

LuxCoreRender is an open source rendering method that can also make use of OpenCL to render. To make use of it, simply install the (blender-plugin-luxcorerenderAUR) package, Then enable the LuxCoreRender addon in the User Preferences box in Blender.

### RenderMan

RenderMan is a Linux compatible proprietary rendering plugin that is free for use with blender under a non-commercial license. See the Renderman page for setting it up with blender.

### Pro-Render

Pro-Render is an open source Blender rendering plugin from AMD that will allow any machine using an OpenCL 1.2 compatible AMD GPU the ability to create realistic GPU renders, allowing for faster work compared to the CPU.

### Blend4Web

Blend4Web is an open source framework for creating and displaying interactive 3D graphics in web browsers. It contains a Blender add-on to create and export 3D scenes directly into the web. A Blend4Web-specific profile can be activated in the add-on settings. When switching to this profile, the Blender interface changes so that it only reveals settings relevant to Blend4Web. See the documentation on how to install Blend4Web SDK.

### Verge3D

Verge3D for Blender is a real-time renderer and a toolkit from the original creators of Blend4Web. Contains Puzzles visual editor to allow creating interactive web applications without coding.

## 解决问题

### Blender在选择对象时会很卡顿

当使用集成Intel显卡时，可能要5-10秒才能选择一个对象。在File > User Preferences > System 中将 Selection 改为 OpenGL Occlusion Queries。

### Blender未把AMD显卡列在OpenCL渲染设备中

This article or section is out of date.

Reason: There are methods of enabling OpenCL in Blender without the need of proprietary drivers. (Discuss in Talk:Blender (简体中文))

Blender only supports the official AMD proprietary drivers for rendering with OpenCL (for now), meaning you will need to install one of the following AMD OpenCL drivers:

- Install AMDGPU PRO
- Install opencl-amdAUR driver alongside the open source AMDGPU driver

After installation, the AMD GPU should now appear as a selectable device under File > User Preferences > System > Compute Device.

Note: Blender developers decided to switch another API (HIP) and deprecate OpenCL support. This will happen in Blender 3.0 release (4th December 2021). More information.

### 界面文字

If fonts look small or blurry, their size can be increased (by a point or two) in User Preferences > Themes > Text Style. Selecting a bold font family as Interface Font in User Preferences > Themes > System can also greatly decrease blurriness.

## 参阅

- Blender manual
- Reddit 上的 Blender wiki
- Sheepit 免费、分布式的Blender渲染农场

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