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附注： 请完成翻译。Partial translation, started 2022-07.（在 Talk:Screen capture (简体中文)# 中讨论）
翻译状态：本文是 Screen capture 的翻译。上次翻译日期：2022-07-09。如果英文版本有所更改，则您可以帮助同步翻译。

本文列出并描述了截屏和录屏软件。

## 截屏软件

### 专项软件

- CoreShot — Simple lightweight screen capture utility for X11. Part of C-Suite.

  https://cubocore.org/ || coreshotAUR

- Deepin Screenshot — Quite easy-to-use screenshot tool. Features: global hotkey to trigger screenshot tool, take screenshot of a selected area, easy to add text and line drawings onto the screenshot. Python/Qt5 based. However, it is now deprecated and has been merged into Deepin Screen Recorder. There is also a known issue with the clipboard functionality. There is a patched version in the aur deepin-screenshot-copy-patchAUR

  https://www.deepin.org/en/original/deepin-screenshot/ || deepin-screenshot

- Escrotum — Screen capture using python and gtk3, inspired by scrot.

  https://github.com/Roger/escrotum || escrotum-gitAUR

- Flameshot — Qt5 based software for interactive screenshot taking. Select the desired area, draw with different tools and enjoy the customization capabilities.

  https://github.com/lupoDharkael/flameshot || flameshot

- GNOME Screenshot — Screenshot tool for the GNOME desktop.

  https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gnome-screenshot/ || gnome-screenshot

- grim — Grab images from a Wayland compositor.

  https://github.com/emersion/grim || grim

- gscreenshot — Simple GTK screenshot utility with delays, selection, and copy-to-clipboard functionality.

  https://github.com/thenaterhood/gscreenshot || gscreenshotAUR

- HotShots — Application for capturing screens and saving them in a variety of image formats as well as adding annotations and graphical data (arrows, lines, texts, ...).

  https://github.com/obiwankennedy/HotShots || hotshots-gitAUR

- imgur-screenshot — Take screenshot selection, upload to imgur + more cool things

  https://github.com/jomo/imgur-screenshot || imgur-screenshotAUR

- ksnip — Ksnip is a Qt based cross-platform screenshot tool that provides many annotation features for your screenshots.

  https://github.com/ksnip/ksnip || ksnip

- Lightscreen — Simple tool to automate the tedious process of saving and cataloging screenshots, it operates as a hidden background process that is invoked with one (or multiple) hotkeys and then saves a screenshot file to disk according to the user's preferences.

  https://lightscreen.com.ar || lightscreenAUR

- LXQt Screenshot — Screenshot tool for LXQt. Run with `lximage-qt --screenshot`.

  https://github.com/lxde/lximage-qt || lximage-qt

- maim — Simple command line utility that takes screenshots. It is meant to replace scrot and performs better than scrot in many ways.

  https://github.com/naelstrof/maim || maim

- MATE Screenshot — Screenshot tool for the MATE desktop.

  https://mate-desktop.org || mate-utils

- menyoki — Screen{shot,cast} and perform ImageOps on the command line.

  https://github.com/orhun/menyoki || menyoki

- mss — An xrandr-aware screenshots Python module with a minimal CLI.

  https://pypi.org/project/mss/ || python-mss

- Pantheon Screenshot — Screenshot tool designed for elementary OS.

  https://github.com/elementary/screenshot || pantheon-screenshot

- ScreenCloud — Take a screenshot of the entire screen or to select an area and then uploading the screenshot to imgur+auth. has plugins and system tray.

  https://screencloud.net/ || screencloudAUR

- ScreenGrab — Cross-platform application designed to quickly take screenshots (Qt).

  https://github.com/DOOMer/screengrab || screengrab

- Scrot — Simple command-line screenshot utility for X.

  https://github.com/resurrecting-open-source-projects/scrot || scrot

- Shotgun — Minimal X screenshot utility written in Rust. According to the author it is twice as fast as maim.

  https://github.com/neXromancers/shotgun || shotgun

- Shutter — Rich screenshot and editing program. Supports delay.

  https://shutter-project.org/ || shutter

- Spectacle — KDE application for taking screenshots. It is capable of capturing images of the whole desktop, a single window, a section of a window, a selected rectangular region or a freehand region. Part of kde-graphics.

  https://github.com/KDE/spectacle/ || spectacle

- Xfce4 Screenshooter — Application and Xfce4 panel plugin to take screenshots about the entire screen, the active window or a selected region. Part of xfce4-goodies.

  https://goodies.xfce.org/projects/applications/xfce4-screenshooter || xfce4-screenshooter

- xwd — X Window System image dumping utility

  https://www.x.org/ || xorg-xwd

#### xwd

xwd(1) 由 xorg-xwd 提供。

要截取根窗口的屏幕截图：

    $ xwd -root -out screenshot.xwd

提示： 要在截屏前延迟，请使用 `sleep` 命令。例如：`sleep 5; xwd ...`。

#### scrot

scrot enables taking screenshots from the CLI and offers features such as a user-definable time delay. Unless instructed otherwise, it saves the file in the current working directory.

    $ scrot -t 20 -d 5

The above command saves a dated .png file, along with a thumbnail (20% of original), for Web posting. It provides a 5 second delay before capturing in this instance.

You can also use standard date and time formatting when saving to a file. e.g.,

    $ scrot ~/screenshots/%Y-%m-%d-%T-screenshot.png

saves the screenshot in a filename with the current year, month, date, hours, minutes, and seconds to a folder in your home directory called "screenshots"

See scrot(1) for more information. You can simply automate the file to uploaded like so [1].

Note: In some window managers (dwmAUR, xmonad and possibly others) `scrot -s` does not work properly when running via window manager's keyboard shortcut, this can be worked around by prepending scrot invocation with a short pause `sleep 0.2; scrot -s`.

#### escrotum

escrotum-gitAUR 受 scrot 启发，使用 PyGTK 截屏

创建的原因是 scrot 在选择模式与正在刷新的窗口一起使用时具有故障。

因为它的命令行界面和 scrot 几乎一样，因此可以作为它的替代品。

#### maim

maim 旨在成为一个改进的 scrot。

使用 slop 为桌面屏幕区域截图。这旨在克服 scrot 的缺点。

要选择屏幕的一部分并将其存储到剪贴板，可以使用 xclip：

    $ maim -s -u | xclip -selection clipboard -t image/png -i

### 特定于桌面环境的软件

#### Spectacle

如果你使用 KDE，那你可能想要使用 `Spectacle`。

Spectacle 由 spectacle 软件包提供。

#### Xfce Screenshooter

If you use Xfce you can install xfce4-screenshooter and then add a keyboard binding:

Xfce Menu > Settings > Keyboard > Application Shortcuts

If you want to skip the Screenshot prompt, type `$ xfce4-screenshooter -h` in terminal for the options.

#### GNOME

GNOME users can press `PrintScreen` or Apps > Accessories > Take Screenshot. You may need to install gnome-screenshot.

GNOME features built-in screen recording with the `Ctrl+Shift+Alt+r` key combination. A red circle is displayed in the bottom right corner of the screen when the recording is in progress. After the recording is finished, a file named `Screencast from %d%u-%c.webm` is saved in the `Videos` directory. In order to use the screencast feature the gst plugins need to be installed.

#### Cinnamon

The default installation of Cinnamon does not provide a screenshot utility. Installing gnome-screenshot will enable screenshots through the Menu > Accessories > Screenshot or by pressing `PrintScreen`.

#### 其他桌面环境或窗口管理器

For other desktop environments such as LXDE or window managers such as Openbox and Compiz, one can add the above commands to the hotkey to take the screenshot. For example,

    $ import -window root ~/Pictures/$(date '+%Y%m%d-%H%M%S').png

Note that `import` is part of the imagemagick package. Adding the above command to the `PrintScreen` key to Compiz allows to take the screenshot to the Pictures folder according to date and time. Notice that the `rc.xml` file in Openbox does not understand commas; so, in order to bind that command to the `PrintScreen` key in Openbox, you need to add the following to the keyboard section of your `rc.xml` file:

    rc.xml

    <!-- Screenshot -->
        <keybind key="Print">
          <action name="Execute">
            <command>sh -c "import -window root ~/Pictures/$(date '+%Y%m%d-%H%M%S').png"</command>
          </action>
        </keybind>

If the `Print` above does not work, see Extra keyboard keys and use different keysym or keycode.

### 包含截屏实用程序的软件包

#### ImageMagick/GraphicsMagick

请参阅 ImageMagick#Screenshot taking。

#### GIMP

也可以使用 GIMP 截图（File > Create > Screenshot...）。

#### imlib2

imlib2 provides a binary `imlib2_grab` to take screenshots. To take a screenshot of the full screen, type:

    $ imlib2_grab screenshot.png

#### FFmpeg

请参阅 FFmpeg#Screen capture。

## 录屏软件

See also FFmpeg#Screen capture and Wikipedia:Comparison of screencasting software.

Screencast utilities allow you to create a video of your desktop or individual windows.

- Byzanz — Simple screencast tool that produces GIF animations.

  https://gitlab.gnome.org/Archive/byzanz || byzanz

- Deepin Screen Recorder — Screen recorder application for Deepin desktop.

  https://www.deepin.org/en/original/deepin-screen-recorder/ || deepin-screen-recorder

- FFcast — FFmpeg-based screencast tool written in Bash.

  https://github.com/lolilolicon/FFcast || ffcastAUR

- Green Recorder — Simple yet functional desktop recorder for Linux systems.

  https://github.com/dvershinin/green-recorder || green-recorderAUR

- Kazam — Screencasting program with design in mind. Handles multiscreen setups.

  https://launchpad.net/kazam || kazamAUR

- Kooha — Simple screen recorder with a minimal GTK interface.

  https://github.com/SeaDve/Kooha || kooha

- menyoki — Screen{shot,cast} and perform ImageOps on the command line.

  https://github.com/orhun/menyoki || menyoki

- Open Broadcaster Software — Video recording and live streaming application.

  https://obsproject.com/ || obs-studio
  - obs-gnome-screencastAUR – plugin for GNOME screencast feature, supports Wayland
  - obs-studio-browserAUR – OBS built with the browser plugin

- Peek — Simple screencast tool that produces GIF, APNG, WebM or MP4 animations.

  https://github.com/phw/peek || peek

- RecApp — User friendly screencaster written in GTK. Using free GStreamer modules and not depend on FFmpeg. No longer under development.

  https://github.com/amikha1lov/RecApp || recapp-gitAUR

- RecordItNow — Plugin based desktop recorder for KDE 4.

  http://recorditnow.sourceforge.net/ || recorditnowAUR

- RecordMyDesktop — Easy to use utility that records your desktop into the ogg format with a CLI, GTK or Qt interface. (inactive development)

  http://recordmydesktop.sourceforge.net/ || CLI: recordmydesktop, GTK: gtk-recordmydesktopAUR, Qt: qt-recordmydesktopAUR

- screencast — Command line interface to record an X11 desktop using FFmpeg, having support for offline recording and live streaming.

  https://github.com/dbermond/screencast/ || screencastAUR

- Screencast — Simple screencast recorder designed for elementary OS.

  https://github.com/artemanufrij/screencast || pantheon-screencastAUR

- SimpleScreenRecorder — Feature-rich screen recorder written in C++/Qt5 that supports X11 and OpenGL.

  https://www.maartenbaert.be/simplescreenrecorder/ || simplescreenrecorder

- VokoScreen — Simple screencast GUI tool using GStreamer.

  https://linuxecke.volkoh.de/vokoscreen/vokoscreen.html || vokoscreen

- XVidCap — Application used for recording a screencast or digital recording of an X Window System screen output with an audio narration.

  http://xvidcap.sourceforge.net/ || xvidcapAUR

## Wayland

Capturing the screen on Wlroots-based compositor can be done using grim or grimshot (provided by sway) for screenshots and wf-recorder (or wf-recorder-gitAUR) for video; wlrobs-hgAUR is an obs-studio plugin that allows you to screen capture on wlroots-based compositors. Optionally, slurp can be used to select the part of the screen to capture.

Take a screenshot of the whole screen:

    $ grim screenshot.png

Take a screenshot of current window:

    $ grim -g "$(swaymsg -t get_tree | jq -r '.. | select(.focused?) | .rect | "\(.x),\(.y) \(.width)x\(.height)"')" screenshot.png

Take a screenshot of a part of the screen:

    $ grim -g "$(slurp)" screenshot.png

Take a screenshot of a part of the screen and put the output into the clipboard using wl-clipboard:

    $ grim -g "$(slurp)" - | wl-copy

Capture a video of the whole screen:

    $ wf-recorder -f recording.mp4

Capture a video of a part of the screen:

    $ wf-recorder -g "$(slurp)"

Tip:

- slurpshot is an interactive screenshot taking script using bemenu.
- To use a post-capture screenshot editing and drawing tool such as swappy: `grim -g "$(slurp)" - | swappy -f -`

Additionally, some programs mentioned above work under Wayland (e.g. ksnip, green-recorderAUR).

### Tmate

To capture your terminal(s) in wl-roots based compositor like wayland, use tmate, then copy your ssh key and send it to your mate. For further information see tmate(1)

### 录屏

#### Via GNOME screencast

green-recorderAUR, obs-gnome-screencastAUR and obs-studio support screen recording on Wayland using GNOME screencast feature.

#### Via a virtual webcam video feed

Tip:

- This method has been tested with zoomAUR (desktop client running under xorg-xwayland) and BigBlueButton under chromium (under firefox the resolution is really low); skypeforlinux-stable-binAUR detects the virtual video device `VirtualVideoDevice`, but outputs a blank screen.
- The example uses `wf-recorder` but you can use whatever software, just feed the output to the virtual device.

Install wf-recorder (or wf-recorder-gitAUR) and v4l2loopback-dkms. Load the `v4l2loopback` kernel module with the following parameters:

    # modprobe v4l2loopback exclusive_caps=1 card_label=VirtualVideoDevice

Verify that a new virtual video device `VirtualVideoDevice` has been created:

    $ v4l2-ctl --list-devices

    ...
    VirtualVideoDevice (platform:v4l2loopback-000):
    	/dev/video2
    ...

Start recording the screen with `wf-recorder` and feed the output to the new virtual video device `VirtualVideoDevice` created by `v4l2loopback`:

    $ wf-recorder --muxer=v4l2 --codec=rawvideo --file=/dev/video2 -x yuv420p

The `yuv420p` colour space is required for the video output to be compatible with Zoom [2].

You can now select the above virtual video device as your "webcam" in video calling/video conferencing applications (the device is called `VirtualVideoDevice`). You can use `ffplay` (part of ffmpeg), mpv, or `gst-launch` (part of gstreamer) to verify that the virtual video device indeed outputs your screenshare:

    $ ffplay /dev/video2

    $ mpv av://v4l2:/dev/video2

    $ gst-launch-1.0 -v v4l2src device=/dev/video2 ! glimagesink

If Firefox is unable to read the video stream and prints a message like "AbortError: Starting video failed", try preloading `v4l2compat.so`:

    $ LD_PRELOAD=/usr/lib/v4l1compat.so firefox

##### Sharing individual applications

Warning: This method does not involve a proper implementation of individual application sharing as the region being shared will not change after resizing any windows.

As explained above, `wf-recorder` is able to record only a portion of the screen by first selecting a region with slurp. To use this functionality for sharing a specific region/application window through a virtual video device, start recording the screen with the following modified command:

    $ wf-recorder -g "$(slurp)" --muxer=v4l2 --codec=rawvideo --file=/dev/video2 -x yuv420p

After selecting a region of the screen, you will be able to access the video feed through the vitual video device `/dev/video2` as above.

#### Via the WebRTC protocol

Note: This method only allows sharing an entire output and not individual applications [3].

See PipeWire#WebRTC screen sharing.

Chromium and Firefox should now be able to access the screenshare. You can verify this through Mozilla's getUserMedia / getDisplayMedia Test Page.

## 终端

### Capture with ANSI codes

You can use the script(1) command, part of the util-linux package. Just run `script` and from that moment, all the output is going to be saved to the `typescript` file, including the ANSI codes.

Once you are done, just run `exit` and the `typescript` would ready. The resulting file can be converted to HTML using the ansi2htmlAUR package, from the AUR. (Not to be confused with ansi2html from python-ansi2html).

To convert the `typescript` file to `typescript.html`, do the following:

    $ ansi2html --bg=dark < typescript > typescript.html

Actually, some commands can be piped directly to ansi2html:

    $ ls --color|ansi2html --bg=dark >output.html

That does not work on every single case, so in those cases, using `script` is mandatory.

### Framebuffer

Install a framebuffer and use fbgrab or fbdump to take a screenshot.

### 虚拟控制台

If you merely want to capture the text in the console and not an actual image, you can use `setterm`, which is part of the util-linux package. The following command will dump the textual contents of virtual console 1 to a file `screen.dump` in the current directory:

    # setterm -dump 1 -file screen.dump

需要 root 权限，因为需要读取 `/dev/vcs1` 的内容。

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