//
// Copyright 2016 Ettus Research
// Copyright 2018 Ettus Research, a National Instruments Company
//
// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-3.0-or-later
//

#pragma once

#include <uhd/config.hpp>
#include <uhd/exception.hpp>
#include <uhd/types/time_spec.hpp>
#include <uhd/utils/dirty_tracked.hpp>
#include <uhd/utils/noncopyable.hpp>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <boost/core/demangle.hpp>
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
#include <list>
#include <memory>
#include <mutex>
#include <sstream>
#include <thread>

namespace uhd { namespace experts {

enum node_class_t { CLASS_WORKER, CLASS_DATA, CLASS_PROPERTY };
enum node_access_t { ACCESS_READER, ACCESS_WRITER };
enum node_author_t { AUTHOR_NONE, AUTHOR_USER, AUTHOR_EXPERT };

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class dag_vertex_t
 *
 * This serves as the base class for all nodes in the expert
 * graph. Data nodes and workers are derived from this class.
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
class dag_vertex_t : private uhd::noncopyable
{
public:
    typedef std::function<void(std::string)> callback_func_t;

    virtual ~dag_vertex_t() {}

    // Getters for basic info about the node
    inline node_class_t get_class() const
    {
        return _class;
    }

    inline const std::string& get_name() const
    {
        return _name;
    }

    virtual const std::string& get_dtype() const = 0;

    virtual std::string to_string() const = 0;

    // Graph resolution specific
    virtual bool is_dirty() const = 0;
    virtual void mark_clean()     = 0;
    virtual void resolve()        = 0;

    // External callbacks
    virtual void set_write_callback(const callback_func_t& func) = 0;
    virtual bool has_write_callback() const                      = 0;
    virtual void clear_write_callback()                          = 0;
    virtual void set_read_callback(const callback_func_t& func)  = 0;
    virtual bool has_read_callback() const                       = 0;
    virtual void clear_read_callback()                           = 0;

protected:
    dag_vertex_t(const node_class_t c, const std::string& n) : _class(c), _name(n) {}

private:
    const node_class_t _class;
    const std::string _name;
};

class data_node_printer
{
public:
    // Generic implementation
    template <typename data_t>
    static std::string print(const data_t& val)
    {
        std::ostringstream os;
        os << val;
        return os.str();
    }

    static std::string print(const uint8_t& val)
    {
        std::ostringstream os;
        os << int(val);
        return os.str();
    }

    static std::string print(const time_spec_t time)
    {
        std::ostringstream os;
        os << time.get_real_secs();
        return os.str();
    }
};

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class data_node_t
 *
 * The data node class hold a passive piece of data in the
 * expert graph. A data node is clean if its underlying data
 * is clean. Access to the underlying data is provided using
 * two methods:
 * 1. Special accessor classes (for R/W enforcement)
 * 2. External clients (via commit and retrieve). This access
 *    is protected by the callback mutex.
 *
 * Requirements for data_t
 * - Must have a default constructor
 * - Must have a copy constructor
 * - Must have an assignment operator (=)
 * - Must have an equality operator (==)
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
template <typename data_t>
class data_node_t : public dag_vertex_t
{
public:
    // A data_node_t instance can have a type of CLASS_DATA or CLASS_PROPERTY
    // In general a data node is a property if it can be accessed and modified
    // from the outside world (of experts) using read and write callbacks. We
    // assume that if a callback mutex is passed into the data node that it will
    // be accessed from the outside and tag the data node as a PROPERTY.
    data_node_t(const std::string& name, std::recursive_mutex* mutex = NULL)
        : dag_vertex_t(mutex ? CLASS_PROPERTY : CLASS_DATA, name)
        , _callback_mutex(mutex)
        , _data()
        , _author(AUTHOR_NONE)
    {
    }

    data_node_t(
        const std::string& name, const data_t& value, std::recursive_mutex* mutex = NULL)
        : dag_vertex_t(mutex ? CLASS_PROPERTY : CLASS_DATA, name)
        , _callback_mutex(mutex)
        , _data(value)
        , _author(AUTHOR_NONE)
    {
    }

    // Basic info
    const std::string& get_dtype() const override
    {
        static const std::string dtype(boost::core::demangle(typeid(data_t).name()));
        return dtype;
    }

    std::string to_string() const override
    {
        return data_node_printer::print(get());
    }

    inline node_author_t get_author() const
    {
        return _author;
    }

    // Graph resolution specific
    bool is_dirty() const override
    {
        return _data.is_dirty();
    }

    void mark_clean() override
    {
        _data.mark_clean();
    }

    void resolve() override
    {
        // NOP
    }

    // Data node specific setters and getters (for the framework)
    void set(const data_t& value)
    {
        _data   = value;
        _author = AUTHOR_EXPERT;
    }

    const data_t& get() const
    {
        return _data;
    }

    // Data node specific setters and getters (for external entities)
    void commit(const data_t& value)
    {
        if (_callback_mutex == NULL)
            throw uhd::assertion_error(
                "node " + get_name() + " is missing the callback mutex");
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(*_callback_mutex);
        set(value);
        _author = AUTHOR_USER;
        if (is_dirty() and has_write_callback()) {
            _wr_callback(
                std::string(get_name())); // Put the name on the stack before calling
        }
    }

    const data_t retrieve() const
    {
        if (_callback_mutex == NULL)
            throw uhd::assertion_error(
                "node " + get_name() + " is missing the callback mutex");
        std::lock_guard<std::recursive_mutex> lock(*_callback_mutex);
        if (has_read_callback()) {
            _rd_callback(std::string(get_name()));
        }
        return get();
    }

private:
    // External callbacks
    void set_write_callback(const callback_func_t& func) override
    {
        _wr_callback = func;
    }

    bool has_write_callback() const override
    {
        return bool(_wr_callback);
    }

    void clear_write_callback() override
    {
        _wr_callback = nullptr;
    }

    void set_read_callback(const callback_func_t& func) override
    {
        _rd_callback = func;
    }

    bool has_read_callback() const override
    {
        return bool(_rd_callback);
    }

    void clear_read_callback() override
    {
        _rd_callback = nullptr;
    }

    std::recursive_mutex* _callback_mutex;
    callback_func_t _rd_callback;
    callback_func_t _wr_callback;
    dirty_tracked<data_t> _data;
    node_author_t _author;
};

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class node_retriever_t
 *
 * Node storage is managed by a framework class so we need
 * and interface to find and retrieve data nodes to associate
 * with accessors.
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
class node_retriever_t
{
public:
    virtual ~node_retriever_t() {}
    virtual const dag_vertex_t& lookup(const std::string& name) const = 0;

private:
    friend class data_accessor_t;
    virtual dag_vertex_t& retrieve(const std::string& name) const = 0;
};

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class data_accessor_t
 *
 * Accessors provide protected access to data nodes and help
 * establish dependency relationships.
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
class data_accessor_t
{
public:
    virtual ~data_accessor_t() {}

    virtual bool is_reader() const     = 0;
    virtual bool is_writer() const     = 0;
    virtual dag_vertex_t& node() const = 0;

protected:
    data_accessor_t(const node_retriever_t& r, const std::string& n)
        : _vertex(r.retrieve(n))
    {
    }
    dag_vertex_t& _vertex;
};

template <typename data_t>
class data_accessor_base : public data_accessor_t
{
public:
    ~data_accessor_base() override {}

    bool is_reader() const override
    {
        return _access == ACCESS_READER;
    }

    bool is_writer() const override
    {
        return _access == ACCESS_WRITER;
    }

    inline bool is_dirty() const
    {
        return _datanode->is_dirty();
    }

    inline node_class_t get_class() const
    {
        return _datanode->get_class();
    }

    inline node_author_t get_author() const
    {
        return _datanode->get_author();
    }

protected:
    data_accessor_base(
        const node_retriever_t& r, const std::string& n, const node_access_t a)
        : data_accessor_t(r, n), _datanode(NULL), _access(a)
    {
        _datanode = dynamic_cast<data_node_t<data_t>*>(&node());
        if (_datanode == NULL) {
            throw uhd::type_error("Expected data type for node " + n + " was "
                                  + boost::core::demangle(typeid(data_t).name())
                                  + " but got " + node().get_dtype());
        }
    }

    data_node_t<data_t>* _datanode;
    const node_access_t _access;

private:
    dag_vertex_t& node() const override
    {
        return _vertex;
    }
};

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class data_reader_t
 *
 * Accessor to read the value of a data node and to establish
 * a data node => worker node dependency
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
template <typename data_t>
class data_reader_t : public data_accessor_base<data_t>
{
public:
    data_reader_t(const node_retriever_t& retriever, const std::string& node)
        : data_accessor_base<data_t>(retriever, node, ACCESS_READER)
    {
    }

    inline const data_t& get() const
    {
        return data_accessor_base<data_t>::_datanode->get();
    }

    inline operator const data_t&() const
    {
        return get();
    }

    inline bool operator==(const data_t& rhs)
    {
        return get() == rhs;
    }

    inline bool operator!=(const data_t& rhs)
    {
        return !(get() == rhs);
    }

    friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& os, const data_reader_t& reader)
    {
        os << reader.get();
        return os;
    }
};

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class data_writer_t
 *
 * Accessor to read and write the value of a data node and
 * to establish a worker node => data node dependency
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
template <typename data_t>
class data_writer_t : public data_accessor_base<data_t>
{
public:
    data_writer_t(const node_retriever_t& retriever, const std::string& node)
        : data_accessor_base<data_t>(retriever, node, ACCESS_WRITER)
    {
    }

    inline const data_t& get() const
    {
        return data_accessor_base<data_t>::_datanode->get();
    }

    inline operator const data_t&() const
    {
        return get();
    }

    inline bool operator==(const data_t& rhs)
    {
        return get() == rhs;
    }

    inline bool operator!=(const data_t& rhs)
    {
        return !(get() == rhs);
    }

    inline void set(const data_t& value)
    {
        data_accessor_base<data_t>::_datanode->set(value);
    }

    inline data_writer_t<data_t>& operator=(const data_t& value)
    {
        set(value);
        return *this;
    }

    inline data_writer_t<data_t>& operator=(const data_writer_t<data_t>& value)
    {
        set(value.get());
        return *this;
    }
};

/*!---------------------------------------------------------
 * class worker_node_t
 *
 * A node class to implement a function that consumes
 * zero or more input data nodes and emits zero or more output
 * data nodes. The worker can also operate on other non-expert
 * interfaces because worker_node_t is abstract and the client
 * is required to implement the "resolve" method in a subclass.
 * ---------------------------------------------------------
 */
class worker_node_t : public dag_vertex_t
{
public:
    worker_node_t(const std::string& name) : dag_vertex_t(CLASS_WORKER, name) {}

    // Worker node specific
    std::list<std::string> get_inputs() const
    {
        std::list<std::string> retval;
        for (data_accessor_t* acc : _inputs) {
            retval.push_back(acc->node().get_name());
        }
        return retval;
    }

    std::list<std::string> get_outputs() const
    {
        std::list<std::string> retval;
        for (data_accessor_t* acc : _outputs) {
            retval.push_back(acc->node().get_name());
        }
        return retval;
    }

protected:
    // This function is used to bind data accessors
    // to this worker. Accessors can be read/write
    // and the binding will ensure proper dependency
    // handling.
    void bind_accessor(data_accessor_t& accessor)
    {
        if (accessor.is_reader()) {
            _inputs.push_back(&accessor);
        } else if (accessor.is_writer()) {
            _outputs.push_back(&accessor);
        } else {
            throw uhd::assertion_error("Invalid accessor type");
        }
    }

private:
    // Graph resolution specific
    bool is_dirty() const override
    {
        bool inputs_dirty = false;
        for (data_accessor_t* acc : _inputs) {
            inputs_dirty |= acc->node().is_dirty();
        }
        return inputs_dirty;
    }

    void mark_clean() override
    {
        for (data_accessor_t* acc : _inputs) {
            acc->node().mark_clean();
        }
    }

    void resolve() override = 0;

    // Basic type info
    const std::string& get_dtype() const override
    {
        static const std::string dtype = "<worker>";
        return dtype;
    }

    std::string to_string() const override
    {
        return "<worker>";
    }

    // Workers don't have callbacks so implement stubs
    void set_write_callback(const callback_func_t&) override {}
    bool has_write_callback() const override
    {
        return false;
    }
    void clear_write_callback() override {}
    void set_read_callback(const callback_func_t&) override {}
    bool has_read_callback() const override
    {
        return false;
    }
    void clear_read_callback() override {}

    std::list<data_accessor_t*> _inputs;
    std::list<data_accessor_t*> _outputs;
};

}} // namespace uhd::experts
