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# Rdesktop

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Related articles

- xrdp
- Remmina

Note: The upstream rdesktop project is looking for a new maintainer. In the meantime, it is advised to use the other branch of the project called freerdp, actively maintained. An upstream blog post provides an explanation on the history of both projects and see how they are tied together.

rdesktop is a free, open source client for Microsoft's proprietary RDP protocol released under the GNU General Public License. Use rdesktop to connect to Windows RDP server to remotely administrate the Windows box.

As of July 2008, rdesktop implements a large subset of the RDP 5 protocol, including:

- Bitmap caching
- File system, audio, serial port and printer port redirection
- Mappings for most international keyboards
- Stream compression and encryption
- Automatic authentication
- Smartcard support
- RemoteApp like support called "seamless" mode via SeamlessRDP

Still unimplemented are:

- Remote Assistance requests
- USB device redirection

Support for the additional features available in RDP 5.1 and RDP 6 (including multi-head display spanning and window composition) also have not yet been implemented.

## Installation

Install the rdesktop package.

## Usage

For a complete listing of options see rdesktop(1). Here is a typical line:

    $ rdesktop -g 1440x900 -P -z -x l -r sound:off -u windowsuser 98.180.102.33:3389

Reading from left to right:

`-g 1440x900` | Sets the resolution of the display to 1440x900
`-P` | Enables bitmap caching/speeds up xfers.
`-z` | Enables RDP datastream compression
`-x l` | Uses the "lan" quality experience level, see rdesktop(1) § x
`-r sound:off` | Redirects sound generated on the server to null
`-u windowsuser` | This defines the username to use when logging into the Windows box
`98.180.102.33:3389` | This is the IP address and port number of the target machine

## Tips and tricks

### Automatic scaling of geometry

In order to automatically scale the geometry to fit the screen, one can use the `-g` command line option. Either by using percentage:

    $ rdesktop -g 100% -P -z 98.180.102.33:3389

or with numerical values:

    -g $(xrandr -q | awk '/Screen 0/ {print int($8/1.28) $9 int($10/1.2)}' | sed 's/,//g')

### Remote desktop using NetBIOS names instead of using IP address

If you do not know the IP address of a Windows computer in a network, you have to enable wins support. To do so, you have to install samba. To enable wins in samba add the following line:

    /etc/samba/smb.conf

    wins support = yes

Then you have to install winbind, then edit the `/etc/nsswitch.conf` and add the "wins" to the list of hosts.

Restart `smb` and `nmb` services and test your success by pinging a Windows NetBIOS host.

### Supplying missing cursors

See Cursor themes#Supplying missing cursors.

## Troubleshooting

### Failed to initialize NLA

When trying to remote desktop into a Windows 10 or Windows 11 host, you might get this error:

    Failed to initialize NLA, do you have correct Kerberos TGT initialized ?
    Failed to connect, CredSSP required by server (check if server has disabled old TLS versions, if yes use -V option)

If you own or have admin access to the host, you can work around this issue by allowing clients to connect without NLA. Search `rdp disable nla` for instructions. Note that this might introduce security issues on a public-facing host, so use this with caution.

## See also

- rdesktop official homepage
- freerdp a rdesktop fork that supports RDP 7.1 features including network level authentication (NLA). See also [1].

Category:

- Remote desktop