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SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2022 Shun Sakai
SPDX-FileCopyrightText: 2024 Orhun Parmaksız

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# qrtool

[![CI][ci-badge]][ci-url]
[![Version][version-badge]][version-url]
![MSRV][msrv-badge]
![License][license-badge]

**qrtool** is a command-line utility for encoding or decoding QR code.

![Screenshot of qrtool](assets/screenshot.webp)

## Installation

### From source

```sh
cargo install qrtool
```

### Via a package manager

[![Packaging status][repology-badge]][repology-versions]

| OS             | Package manager | Command                      |
| -------------- | --------------- | ---------------------------- |
| _Any_          | [Homebrew]      | `brew install qrtool`        |
| _Any_          | [Nix]           | `nix-env -iA nixpkgs.qrtool` |
| [_Arch Linux_] | [Pacman]        | `pacman -S qrtool`           |
| [_openSUSE_]   | Zypper          | `zypper install qrtool`      |

### From binaries

The [release page] contains pre-built binaries for Linux, macOS and Windows.

### How to build

Please see [BUILD.adoc].

## Usage

### Basic usage

Encode a string in a QR code:

```sh
qrtool encode "QR code" > output.png
```

Generate this image:

![Output](tests/data/basic/basic.png)

Decode a QR code from this image:

```sh
$ qrtool decode output.png
QR code
```

### Output formats

Use `-t` option to change the format of the generated image.

The format is:

- `png` (default)
- `svg`
- `pic` ([PIC] markup language)
- `ansi` (to the terminal using 4-bit ANSI escape sequences)
- `ansi256` (to the terminal using 8-bit ANSI escape sequences)
- `ansi-true-color` (to the terminal using 24-bit ANSI escape sequences)
- `ascii` (to the terminal as ASCII string)
- `ascii-invert`
- `unicode` (to the terminal as UTF-8 string)
- `unicode-invert`

Encode to a SVG image:

```sh
qrtool encode -o output.svg -t svg "QR code"
```

Generate this image:

![Output](tests/data/decode/decode.svg)

Generate a PDF file from the PIC code:

```sh
qrtool encode -t pic "QR code" \
    | awk 'BEGIN { print ".vs 0\n.po 0\n.PS" } END { print "scale = 25.4 * 3\n.PE" } { print }' \
    | groff -Tpdf -p -P-p3i,3i \
    > output.pdf
```

Output to the terminal as UTF-8 string:

```sh
qrtool encode -t unicode "QR code"
```

### Micro QR code generation

Use `--variant` option to change the variant of the generated QR code. The
variant is `normal` (default) or `micro` (Micro QR code).

```sh
qrtool encode -v 3 --variant micro "QR code" > output.png
```

Generate this image:

![Output](tests/data/variant/micro.png)

### Colored output

Use `--foreground` and `--background` options to change the foreground and
background colors of the generated image. These options takes a
[CSS color string] such as `brown`, `#a52a2a` or `rgb(165 42 42)`. The default
foreground color is black and the background color is white of CSS's named
colors.

```sh
qrtool encode --foreground brown --background lightslategray "QR code" > output.png
```

Generate this image:

![Output](tests/data/colored/rgb.png)

Colored output is also available when the output format is any ANSI escape
sequences:

```sh
qrtool encode -t ansi-true-color --foreground brown --background lightslategray "QR code"
```

Note that lossy conversion may be performed depending on the color space
supported by the method to specify a color, the color depth supported by the
output format, etc.

### Supported input image formats

`qrtool decode` supports decoding a QR code from the following image formats:

- [BMP]
- [DDS]
- [Farbfeld]
- [GIF]
- [Radiance RGBE]
- [ICO][][^ico-note]
- [JPEG]
- [OpenEXR]
- [PNG]
- [PNM]
- [QOI]
- [SVG][][^svg-note]
- [TGA]
- [TIFF]
- [WebP]
- [XBM]

To support decoding from SVG image, the `decode-from-svg` feature must be
enabled at compile time. Note that the SVG image is rasterized before scanning.

Image formats other than PNG can be disabled by disabling the `default`
feature, and can be enabled individually.

Use `-t` option to specify the image format. If this option is not specified,
the image format is determined based on the extension or the magic number.

Input this WebP image:

![Input](tests/data/decode/lossless.webp)

Decode a QR code from the WebP image:

```sh
$ qrtool decode input.webp
QR code
# or
$ qrtool decode -t webp input.webp
QR code
```

[^ico-note]: CUR is also supported.

[^svg-note]: SVGZ is also supported.

### Generate shell completion

`--generate-completion` option generates shell completions to standard output.

The following shells are supported:

- `bash`
- `elvish`
- `fish`
- `nushell`
- `powershell`
- `zsh`

Example:

```sh
qrtool --generate-completion bash > qrtool.bash
```

### Integration with other programs

Both `qrtool encode` and `qrtool decode` can read from standard input and
output to standard output.

#### Optimize the output image

The image output by `qrtool encode` is not optimized. For example, a PNG image
is always output as the 32-bit RGBA format. If you want to reduce the image
size or optimize the image, use an optimizer such as [`oxipng`] or
[`svgcleaner`].

Optimize the output PNG image:

```sh
qrtool encode "QR code" | oxipng - > output.png
```

Optimize the output SVG image:

```sh
qrtool encode -t svg "QR code" | svgcleaner -c - > output.svg
```

If the `optimize-output-png` feature is enabled, you can also use
`--optimize-png` option and `--zopfli` option of this command to optimize
output PNG image.

#### Reading and writing unsupported image formats

If you want to save the encoded image in an image format other than PNG or SVG,
or decode an image in an unsupported image format, convert it using a converter
such as [ImageMagick].

##### Raster formats

Read `Cargo.toml` from standard input and save the encoded result as a XPM
image:

```sh
cat Cargo.toml | qrtool encode | magick png:- output.xpm
```

Decode this image and print the result using `bat`:

```sh
magick output.xpm png:- | qrtool decode | bat -l toml
```

##### Vector formats

Read a string from standard input and save the encoded result as an EPS image:

```sh
echo "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog." \
    | qrtool encode -t svg \
    | inkscape -p -o output.eps
```

Decode this image and print the result to standard output:

```sh
$ inkscape -o - --export-type svg output.eps | qrtool decode
The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.
```

## Command-line options

Please see the following:

- [`qrtool(1)`]
- [`qrtool-encode(1)`]
- [`qrtool-decode(1)`]
- [`qrtool-help(1)`]

## Source code

The upstream repository is available at
<https://github.com/sorairolake/qrtool.git>.

The source code is also available at:

- <https://gitlab.com/sorairolake/qrtool.git>
- <https://codeberg.org/sorairolake/qrtool.git>

## Changelog

Please see [CHANGELOG.adoc].

## Contributing

Please see [CONTRIBUTING.adoc].

## Acknowledgment

This program is inspired by [`qrencode`] and [`zbarimg`].

## Home page

<https://sorairolake.github.io/qrtool/>

## License

Copyright (C) 2022 Shun Sakai and other contributors (see [AUTHORS.adoc])

1.  This program is distributed under the terms of either the _Apache License
    2.0_ or the _MIT License_.
2.  Some files are distributed under the terms of the _Creative Commons
    Attribution 4.0 International Public License_.

This project is compliant with version 3.2 of the [_REUSE Specification_]. See
copyright notices of individual files for more details on copyright and
licensing information.

[ci-badge]: https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/sorairolake/qrtool/CI.yaml?branch=develop&style=for-the-badge&logo=github&label=CI
[ci-url]: https://github.com/sorairolake/qrtool/actions?query=branch%3Adevelop+workflow%3ACI++
[version-badge]: https://img.shields.io/crates/v/qrtool?style=for-the-badge&logo=rust
[version-url]: https://crates.io/crates/qrtool
[msrv-badge]: https://img.shields.io/crates/msrv/qrtool?style=for-the-badge&logo=rust
[license-badge]: https://img.shields.io/crates/l/qrtool?style=for-the-badge
[repology-badge]: https://repology.org/badge/vertical-allrepos/qrtool.svg?columns=3
[repology-versions]: https://repology.org/project/qrtool/versions
[Homebrew]: https://brew.sh/
[Nix]: https://nixos.org/
[_Arch Linux_]: https://archlinux.org/
[Pacman]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/pacman
[_openSUSE_]: https://www.opensuse.org/
[release page]: https://github.com/sorairolake/qrtool/releases
[BUILD.adoc]: BUILD.adoc
[PIC]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PIC_(markup_language)
[CSS color string]: https://www.w3.org/TR/css-color-4/
[BMP]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMP_file_format
[DDS]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DirectDraw_Surface
[Farbfeld]: https://tools.suckless.org/farbfeld/
[GIF]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIF
[Radiance RGBE]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RGBE_image_format
[ICO]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICO_(file_format)
[JPEG]: https://jpeg.org/jpeg/
[OpenEXR]: https://openexr.com/
[PNG]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PNG
[PNM]: https://netpbm.sourceforge.net/doc/pnm.html
[QOI]: https://qoiformat.org/
[SVG]: https://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/
[TGA]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truevision_TGA
[TIFF]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TIFF
[WebP]: https://developers.google.com/speed/webp/
[XBM]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X_BitMap
[`oxipng`]: https://github.com/shssoichiro/oxipng
[`svgcleaner`]: https://github.com/RazrFalcon/svgcleaner
[ImageMagick]: https://imagemagick.org/
[`qrtool(1)`]: https://sorairolake.github.io/qrtool/book/man/man1/qrtool.1.html
[`qrtool-encode(1)`]: https://sorairolake.github.io/qrtool/book/man/man1/qrtool-encode.1.html
[`qrtool-decode(1)`]: https://sorairolake.github.io/qrtool/book/man/man1/qrtool-decode.1.html
[`qrtool-help(1)`]: https://sorairolake.github.io/qrtool/book/man/man1/qrtool-help.1.html
[CHANGELOG.adoc]: CHANGELOG.adoc
[CONTRIBUTING.adoc]: CONTRIBUTING.adoc
[`qrencode`]: https://fukuchi.org/works/qrencode/
[`zbarimg`]: https://github.com/mchehab/zbar
[AUTHORS.adoc]: AUTHORS.adoc
[_REUSE Specification_]: https://reuse.software/spec/
