Mail::SPF::Mod(3)

NAME
Mail::SPF::Mod - SPF record modifier base class

VERSION
version 3.20240923

DESCRIPTION
An object of class Mail::SPF::Mod represents a modifier within an SPF record. Mail::SPF::Mod cannot be instantiated directly. Create an instance of a concrete sub-class instead.

  Constructors
The following constructors are provided:

new(%options): returns Mail::SPF::Mod
    Abstract. Creates a new SPF record modifier object.

    %options is a list of key/value pairs representing any of the following options:

    text
        A string denoting the unparsed text of the modifier.

    name
        A string denoting the name of the modifier. Required if a generic Mail::SPF::Mod object (as opposed to a specific sub-class) is being constructed.

    domain_spec
        Either a plain string or a Mail::SPF::MacroString object denoting an optional "domain-spec" parameter of the mechanism.

new_from_string($text, %options): returns Mail::SPF::Mod; throws Mail::SPF::ENothingToParse, Mail::SPF::EInvalidMod
    Abstract. Creates a new SPF record modifier object by parsing the string and any options given.

  Class methods
The following class methods are provided:

name_pattern: returns Regexp
    Returns a regular expression that matches any legal modifier name.

  Instance methods
The following instance methods are provided:

text: returns string; throws Mail::SPF::ENoUnparsedText
    Returns the unparsed text of the modifier. Throws a Mail::SPF::ENoUnparsedText exception if the modifier was created synthetically instead of being parsed, and no text was provided.

name: returns string
    Returns the name of the modifier.

params: returns string
    Abstract. Returns the modifier's parameters formatted as a string.

    A sub-class of Mail::SPF::Mod does not have to implement this method if it supports no parameters, although this is highly unlikely.

stringify: returns string
    Formats the modifier's name and parameters as a string and returns it. You can simply use a Mail::SPF::Mod object as a string for the same effect, see "OVERLOADING".

process: throws Mail::SPF::Result, Mail::SPF::Result::Error, Mail::SPF::Exception
    Abstract. Processes the modifier. What that means depends on the actual implementation in sub-classes. See "MODIFIER TYPES" below.

    This method is abstract and must be implemented by sub-classes of Mail::SPF::Mod.

MODIFIER TYPES
There are different basic types of modifiers, which are described below. All of them are provided by the Mail::SPF::Mod module.

  Global modifiers - Mail::SPF::GlobalMod
SPFv1 (RFC 4408) only knows "global" modifiers. A global modifier may appear anywhere in an SPF record, but only once. During evaluation of the record, global modifiers are processed after the last mechanism has been evaluated and an SPF result has been determined.

The following additional class method is provided by Mail::SPF::GlobalMod:

precedence: returns real
    Abstract. Returns a real number between 0 and 1 denoting the precedence of the type of the global modifier. Global modifiers present in an SPF record are processed in the order of their precedence values, 0 meaning "first".

    This method is abstract and must be implemented by sub-classes of Mail::SPF::GlobalMod.

The following specific instance method is provided by Mail::SPF::GlobalMod:

process($server, $request, $result): throws Mail::SPF::Result
    Abstract. Processes the modifier. What that means depends on the actual implementation in sub-classes. Takes both a Mail::SPF::Server and a Mail::SPF::Request object. As global modifiers are generally processed after an SPF result has already been determined, takes also the current Mail::SPF::Result. If the modifier wishes to modify the SPF result, it may throw a different Mail::SPF::Result object.

    This method is abstract and must be implemented by sub-classes of Mail::SPF::GlobalMod.

  Positional modifiers - Mail::SPF::PositionalMod
Sender ID (RFC 4406) introduces the concept of "positional" modifiers. According to RFC 4406, a positional modifier must follow a mechanism and applies to that, and only that, mechanism. However, because this definition is not very useful, and because no positional modifiers have been defined based on it as of yet, Mail::SPF deviates from RFC 4406 as follows:

A positional modifier may appear anywhere in an SPF record, and it is stateful, i.e. it applies to all mechanisms and modifiers that follow it. Positional modifiers are generally multiple, i.e. they may appear any number of times throughout the record. During evaluation of the record, positional modifiers are processed at exactly the time when they are encountered by the evaluator. Consequently, all positional modifiers are processed before an SPF result is determined.

The following specific instance method is provided by Mail::SPF::PositionalMod:

process($server, $request): throws Mail::SPF::Result::Error, Mail::SPF::Exception
    Abstract. Processes the modifier. What that means depends on the actual implementation in sub-classes. Takes both a Mail::SPF::Server and a Mail::SPF::Request object. As global modifiers are generally processed before an SPF result has been determined, no result object is available to the modifier. The modifier can (at least at this time) not directly modify the final SPF result, however it may throw an exception to signal an error condition.

    This method is abstract and must be implemented by sub-classes of Mail::SPF::PositionalMod.

  Unknown modifiers - Mail::SPF::UnknownMod
Both SPFv1 and Sender ID allow unknown modifiers to appear in SPF records in order to allow new modifiers to be introduced without breaking existing implementations. Obviously, unknown modifiers are neither global nor positional, but they may appear any number of times throughout the record and are simply ignored during evaluation of the record.

Also obviously, Mail::SPF::UnknownMod does not support a "process" method.

The following specific instance method is provided by Mail::SPF::UnknownMod:

params: returns string
    Returns the modifier's unparsed value as a string.

OVERLOADING
If a Mail::SPF::Mod object is used as a string, the "stringify" method is used to convert the object into a string.

SEE ALSO
Mail::SPF::Mod::Redirect, Mail::SPF::Mod::Exp

Mail::SPF, Mail::SPF::Record, Mail::SPF::Term

<http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4408>

For availability, support, and license information, see the README file included with Mail::SPF.

AUTHORS
Julian Mehnle <julian@mehnle.net>, Shevek <cpan@anarres.org>