# Uputstvo Gparteda

## Uvod

Program gparted je Gnomov uređivač particija za stvaranje, reorganizovanje i brisanje particija na disku.

Disk uređaj može biti podeljen na jednu ili više particija. Program gparted vam omogućava da izmenite organizaciju particija na disk uređaju uz čuvanje sadržaja particije.

With gparted you can accomplish the following tasks:

- Create a partition table on a disk device.

- Enable and disable partition flags such as boot and hidden.

- Perform actions with partitions such as create, delete, resize, move, check, label, copy, and paste.

Uređivanje particija može prouzrokovati GUBITAK PODATAKA.

Program gparted je osmišljen da vam omogući da uređujete particije uz umanjeni rizik od gubljenja podataka. Program je brižljivo isproban i koristi ga tim projekta Gparteda. Međutim, do gubljenja podataka može doći usled greške u programu, problema sa hardverom ili usled nestanka napajanja.

Vi možete pomoći u smanjivanju rizika od gubljenja podataka tako što nećete montirati ili demontirati particije izvan programa gparteda za vreme rada gparteda.

You are advised to BACKUP your DATA before using the gparted application. This is especially true for encrypted data where all of the data can become permanently inaccessible after a failure. Please refer to The Cryptsetup FAQ for backup and recovery advice of encrypted data.

## Započeti korišćenje

### Pokretanje gparteda

Možete da pokrenete gparted na sledeće načine:

Izbornik „Programi“

- Izaberite: „Sistem Gparted uređivač particija“.

Linija naredbi

- Izvršite sledeću naredbu: `gparted`

Prilikom pokretanja, gparted će pretražiti vaš računar za disk uređajima.

### Prozor gparteda

Kada pokrenete gparted, biće prikazan sledeći prozor:

#### Prozor gparteda

Shows gparted main window.

Prozor gparteda sadrži sledeće elemente:

Traka izbornika

- Izbornici na traci izbornika sadrže sve naredbe koje su vam potrebne za rad sa disk uređajima i particijama u gpartedu.

Traka alata

- Traka alata sadrži podskup naredbi kojima možete da pristupite sa trake izbornika.

Površ za prikaz grafikona

- Površ za prikazivanje grafikona sadrži vizuelno predstavljanje particija na izabranom disk uređaju.

Površ za prikazivanje teksta

- Površ za prikazivanje teksta sadrži tekstualni spisak particija na izabranom disk uređaju.

Traka stanja

- Traka stanja prikazuje informacije o trenutnoj aktivnosti gparteda ili broj zakazanih radnji.

Okno za informacije o uređaju

- Okno za informacije o uređaju prikazuje detalje o izabranom disk uređaju.

  Okno za informacije o uređaju se ne prikazuje unapred. Da prikažete okno za informacije o uređaju, izaberite: „Pregled Informacije o uređaju“.

Okno zakazanih operacija

- Okno zakazanih operacija prikazuje tekući spisak operacija na čekanju.

  Okno za zakazane operacije nije prikazano ako nema zakazanih operacija. Da prikažete okno za zakazane operacije, izaberite: „Pregled Zakazane operacije“.

Kada pritisnete levim tasterom miša na neku prikazanu površ, vi birate particiju koja će biti korišćena za radnje uređivanja particije.

Kada pritisnete desnim tasterom miša na neku prikazanu površ, program prikazuje oblačić izbornika. Oblačić izbornika sadrži najčešće radnje uređivanja particije.

Kao i u drugim Gnomovim programima, radnje u gpartedu mogu biti izvršene na nekoliko načina: upotrebom izbornika, trake alata ili tasterskih prečica.

### Pokretanje gparteda sa linije naredbi

Možete da pokrenete gparted sa linije naredbi i da odredite jedan ili više disk uređaja.

Da radite sa više disk uređaja sa linije naredbi, ukucajte sledeću naredbu i zatim pritisnite Unesi:

    $ gparted /path-to-your-device1 /path-to-your-device2

## Pregledanje podrške sistema datoteka

Da pregledate radnje podržane na sistemu datoteka, izaberite: „Pregled Podrška sistema datoteka“. Program će prikazati prozorče „Podrška sistema datoteka“.

Ako ste instalirali softver dok je gparted radio, pritisnite „Osveži za podržanim radnjama“ da osvežite grafikon. Program će osvežiti prikaz grafikona.

Da zatvorite prozorče „Podrška sistema datoteka“, pritisnite „Zatvori“.

## Rad sa uređajima

### Biranje uređaja

Da izaberete disk uređaj, izaberite: „Gparted Uređaji“ i izaberite uređaj sa spiska. Program će prikazati raspored particija na uređaju u prozoru gparteda.

### Pregledanje informacija o uređaju

To view information about a disk device:

1. Select a disk device. See gparted-select-device.

2. Select: View Device Information. The application opens a side pane in the gparted window and displays information about the device.

Da zatvorite bočnu površ „Informacije o uređaju“, poništite: „Pregled Informacije o uređaju“.

### Osvežavanje svih uređaja

Da osvežite sve disk uređaje, izaberite: „Gparted Osveži uređaje“. Program će ponovo pretražiti sve disk uređaje i osvežiti raspored particija uređaja u prozoru gparteda.

### Stvaranje nove particione tabele

To create a new partition table on a disk device:

1. Select a disk device. See gparted-select-device.

2. Choose: Device Create Partition Table. The application displays a Create partition table on `/path-to-device` dialog.

3. Optionally select a different partition table type from the list.

   The default partition table type is msdos for disks smaller than 2 Tebibytes in size (assuming a 512 byte sector size) and gpt for disks 2 Tebibytes and larger.

   See gparted-specify-partition-type for msdos partition table limitations.

   To use a disk without a partition table, choose loop to create a virtual partition that spans the disk. Then format to the desired file system.

   See gparted-format-partition to format a virtual partition with a file system.

   Many operating systems recognize gpt and msdos partition tables, but do not recognize all types of file systems. This lack of file system recognition means that using a disk without a partition table involves more risk. For example, some operating systems might prompt to format an unpartitioned disk if the file system is not recognized.

4. Click Apply to create the new partition table. The application writes the new partition table to the disk device. The application refreshes the device partition layout in the gparted window.

UPOZORENJE: Ovo će OBRISATI SVE PODATKE na ČITAVOM DISK UREĐAJU.

Ako slučajno prepišete vašu particionu tabelu, pogledajte gparted-recover-partition-table.

## Rad sa particijama

### Osnovne radnje particija

Ove radnje neće izmeniti particije na vašem disk uređaju.

#### Biranje particije

To select a partition, use one of the following:

- Click on a partition in the graphic display area.

- Click on a partition in the text display area.

Program će označiti particiju i u oblasti za grafičko prikazivanje i u oblasti za tekstualno prikazivanje u prozoru gparteda.

Radnje nad particijama kao što je brisanje, premeštanje, umnožavanje, formatiranje, proveravanje i označavanje zahtevaju da particija bude demontirana. Pogledajte gparted-unmount-partition.

#### Biranje neraspoređenog prostora

To select unallocated space, use one of the following:

- Click on unallocated in the graphic display area.

- Click on unallocated in the text display area.

Program će označiti neraspoređeni prostor i u oblasti za grafičko prikazivanje i u oblasti za tekstualno prikazivanje u prozoru gparteda.

Ako nemate ni jedan disk sa neraspoređenim prostorom, možete probati sledeće:

- Dodajte novi disk uređaj vašem računaru.

- Skupite particiju koja sadrži neiskorišćeni prostor. Pogledajte gparted-resize-partition.

#### Pregledanje informacija particije

To view information about a partition:

1. Select a partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Information. The application opens an Information about `/path-to-partition` dialog.

Da zatvorite prozorče „Informacije o `/putanja-do-particije`“, pritisnite „Zatvori“.

#### Montiranje particije

To mount a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Mount and select a mount point from the list. The application mounts the partition on the mount point and refreshes the device partition layout in the gparted window.

Ako nije vidljivo „Particija Montiraj“, onda gparted ne zna gde particija treba biti montirana.

#### Demontiranje particije

To unmount a partition:

1. Select a mounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Unmount. The application unmounts the partition from the mount point and refreshes the device partition layout in the gparted window.

Ako radnja „Particija Demontiraj“ ne urodi plodom, onda je najverovatnije da je particija u upotrebi.

Da bi sve particije bile demontirane i dostupne za radnje uređivanja particije, pokrenite sistem sa živog CD-a i koristite program gparted. Pogledajte gparted-acquire-livecd

#### Opening an Encrypted Partition

To open a LUKS encrypted partition:

1. Select a closed LUKS encrypted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Open Encryption.

   If gparted doesn't yet know the LUKS Passphrase it will open a LUKS Passphrase `/path-to-partition` dialog. Type the LUKS Passphrase into the Passphrase text box and click Unlock.

   The application opens the encrypted partition and refreshes the device partition layout in the gparted window.

gparted remembers each LUKS Passphrase in the computer's memory for as long as it is running. This is so that it doesn't have to prompt when reopening the same encrypted partition again. When gparted is closed all remembered LUKS Passphrases are cleared from memory and forgotten.

#### Closing an Encrypted Partition

To close a LUKS encrypted partition:

1. Select an unmounted and LUKS encrypted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Close Encryption. The application closes the LUKS encryption and refreshes the device partition layout in the gparted window.

### Neposredne radnje particije

Ove radnje će izmeniti particije na vašem disk uređaju, ali neće izmeniti početne i krajnje granice vaših postojećih particija.

#### Stvaranje nove particije

To create a new partition:

1. Select an unallocated space on the disk device. See gparted-select-unallocated.

2. Choose: Partition New. The application displays the Create new Partition dialog.

3. Specify the size and the location for the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location.

4. Specify the alignment for the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-alignment.

5. Specify the type of partition. See gparted-specify-partition-type.

6. Specify the name of the partition when the field is enabled. See gparted-specify-partition-name.

7. Specify the type of file system for the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-file-system.

8. Specify the label of the file system for the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-file-system-label.

9. Click Add to add the create partition operation to the operation queue. The application displays the create partition operation in the Pending Operations pane in the gparted window.

#### Brisanje particije

To delete a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Delete. The application displays the delete partition operation in the Pending Operations pane.

Ako obrišete logičku particiju, onda će sve logičke particije nakon izbrisane logičke particije pretrpeti izmene u nazivima uređaja.

Na primer, jedna proširena particija sadrži četiri logičke particije A, B, V i G. Operativni sistem pristupa ovim logičkim particijama na sledeći način:

- Particija A — „/dev/sda5“.

- Particija B — „/dev/sda6“.

- Particija G — „/dev/sda7“.

- Particija D — „/dev/sda8“.

Ako je obrisana particija B, onda će operativni sistem preostalim logičkim particijama pristupiti na sledeći način:

- Particija A — „/dev/sda5“.

- Particija G — „/dev/sda6“. Primetite promenu u nazivu uređaja.

- Particija D — „/dev/sda7“. Primetite promenu u nazivu uređaja.

Promene u nazivu uređaja mogu izazvati probleme ako je particija montirana korišćenjem naziva uređaja. Možete da izbegnete problem ako koristite oznaku sistema datoteka ili univerzalni jedinstveni identifikator (UUID) particije prilikom montiranja particije.

Changes in a device name might adversely affect the following files:

- /etc/fstab - Contains a list of file systems to mount.

- /boot/grub/menu.lst - Contains operating system boot instructions for the grub boot loader.

Diskovi sa particionim tabelama „loop“ ili „none“ ne sadrže particionu tabelu, i ne sadrže particije. Sistem datoteka na disku bez particione tabele u Gpartedu se predstavlja virtuelnom particijom.

Da izbrišete sistem datoteka i virtuelnu particiju, izaberite formatiranje na „cleared“.

Pogledajte gparted-format-partition.

#### Imenovanje particije

Imenovanje particija je dostupno jedino sa GUIB particionim tabelama (GPT).

Pogledajte takođe gparted-create-partition-table.

Da postavite naziv particije:

1. Izaberite demontiranu particiju. Pogledajte gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Name Partition. The application opens a Set partition name on `/path-to-partition` dialog.

3. Upišite naziv particije u polje „Naziv“.

4. Pritisnite „U redu“. Program će prikazati operaciju postavljanja naziva particije u oknu „Zakazane operacije“.

#### Formatiranje particije

To format a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Format to, and select a type of file system from the list. The application displays the format partition operation in the Operations Pending pane.

   See gparted-specify-partition-file-system for the meaning of the cleared file system type.

#### Postavljanje natpisa particije sistema datoteka

To set a label or a volume name of a file system in a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Label File System. The application opens a Set file system label on `/path-to-partition` dialog.

3. Type a label name in the Label text box.

4. Click OK. The application displays the set file system label operation in the Operations Pending pane.

#### Menjanje UUID-a particije

To change the Universally Unique Identifier (UUID) of a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition New UUID. The application displays the set a new random UUID operation in the Operations Pending pane.

   Changing the UUID might invalidate the Windows Product Activation key (WPA).

   On FAT and NTFS file systems, the Volume Serial Number is used as UUID. Changing the Volume Serial Number on the Windows system partition, normally C:, might invalidate the WPA key. An invalid WPA key will prevent login until you reactivate Windows.

   In an attempt to avoid invalidating the WPA key, on NTFS file systems only half of the UUID is set to a new random value. On FAT file systems, such a precaution is not possible.

   The WPA key should not be affected by changing the UUID of data partitions or removable media partitions. In rare cases, a partition that is present at boot time might be an exception to this rule.

   Changing the UUID when there is no need to do so might cause a GNU/Linux system to fail to boot, or to fail to mount a file system.

   Changing the UUID is only required after copying a partition. The UUID change is needed to prevent duplicate UUIDs when both the source and the copy of the partition are used on the same computer.

   If boot or mount problems occur you might need to edit configuration files, such as /etc/fstab, and regenerate the grub menu to ensure that the correct UUID is specified.

#### Određivanje detalja particije

Određivanje detalja particije je korisno prilikom obavljanja radnji kao što su stvaranje, menjanje veličine i premeštanje.

##### Određivanje veličine i mesta particije

To specify the size and the location of the partition, use one or a combination of the following:

- Click-and-hold the arrow at either end of the graphic area. Drag the arrow left or right within the display range.

- Click-and-hold the middle of the partition in the graphic area. Drag the partition left or right within the display range.

- Click the spin button arrows, or type numeric values to adjust the following fields:

  - Free Space Preceding

  - New Size

  - Free Space Following

Program će osvežiti i grafičku oblast i brojeve pored oznaka u polju stabla.

##### Određivanje poravnanja particije

Da odredite poravnanje particije, pritisinte na strelicu dugmeta „Zaokruži na“ i izaberite sa spiska.

- Koristite poravnavanje na MiB za savremene operativne sisteme. Ova postavka poravnava početne i krajnje granice particija na tačne mebibite (1.048.576 bita). Poravnavanje na mebibite (MiB) obezbeđuje poboljšane performanse kada se koristi sa RAID sistemima i sa Uređajima u čvrstom stanju (SSD), kao što je USB disk.

- Koristite poravnavanje na „Cilindar“ da zadržite kompatibilnost sa operativnim sistemima koji su izdati pre 2000 godine, kao što je DOS. Ova postavka poravnava početak i kraj particija na granice cilindra diska.

  Vrednosti „Cilindar/Glava/Sektor“ iznešene savremenim disk uređajima više nemaju neposredan fizički odnos prema podacima uskladištenim na disk uređaju. Stoga više nije ispravno koristiti ovu postavku poravnavanja za postizanje poboljšanja performansi.

- Koristite „Ništa“ samo ako ste detaljno upoznati sa strukturom diska, particionim tabelama i sa zapisima učitavanja. Ova postavka postavlja granice particije odmah na kraj bilo koje neposredno prethodne particije na disk uređaju. Ova postavka ne garantuje rezervisanje ili poštovanje prostora potrebnog za zapis učitavanja.

##### Određivanje vrste particije

Da odredite vrstu particije, pritisinte na strelicu dugmeta „Napravi kao“ i izaberite sa spiska.

The msdos partition table limits partitions as follows:

- Maximum of 4 primary partitions.

- Maximum of 3 primary partitions, and 1 extended partition.

  The extended partition can contain multiple logical partitions. Some GNU/Linux distributions support accessing at most 15 partitions on a disk device.

- Maximum size of a partition is 2 Tebibytes using a sector size of 512 bytes. The partition must also start within the first 2 Tebibytes of the disk device.

Primarne particije obezbeđuju bolje oporavljanje podataka zato što su granice particije sačuvane na poznatim mestima na disk uređaju.

##### Specifying Partition Name

Naming of partitions is only available with GUID partition tables (GPT). Therefore the field is only enabled on disk devices partitioned using GPT.

Pogledajte takođe gparted-create-partition-table.

To specify the partition name, type the name in the Partition name text box.

##### Određivanje sistema datoteka particije

Da odredite vrstu sistema datoteka particije, pritisinte na strelicu dugmeta „Sistem datoteka“ i izaberite sa spiska.

Examples of uses for some file systems are as follows:

- ext2, ext3 and ext4 file systems can be used for installing GNU/Linux, and for data.

- linux-swap can be used with GNU/Linux to increase the virtual memory of your computer.

- fat16 and fat32 file systems can be used to share data between free and commercial operating systems.

- cleared can be used to clear any existing file system signatures and ensure that the partition is recognised as empty.

- unformatted can be used to just create a partition without writing a file system.

##### Određivanje natpisa sistema datoteka particije

Da odredite natpis sistema datoteka na particiji, takođe poznatog kao natpis volumena, upišite natpis u polje „Natpis“.

Natpisi sistema datoteka se mogu koristiti da vam pomognu da se prisetite šta je uskladišteno na particiji.

Jedinstveni natpisi mogu biti korišćeni za montiranje sistema datoteka sa GNU/Linuks operativnim sistemom.

### Napredne radnje particija

Ove radnje će izmeniti particije na vašem disk uređaju, a mogu da izmene početne i krajnje granice vaših postojećih particija i mogu da prouzrokuju neuspeh učitavanja operativnog sistema.

#### Menjanje veličine particije

Promena veličine i premeštanje particije može biti obavljeno jednom radnjom gparteda.

To resize a partition:

1. Select a partition. See gparted-select-partition.

   Unmounted or inactive partitions enable the most resize options.

   Support is available for online resize of some mounted or otherwise active partitions. However this support is often limited to grow only.

2. Choose: Partition Resize/Move. The application displays the Resize/Move `/path-to-partition` dialog.

3. Adjust the size of the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location.

   If you do not want the start of an existing partition to move, then do not change the free space preceding value. If the partition is mounted or otherwise active, then you will not be able to change the free space preceding value.

4. Specify the alignment of the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-alignment.

5. Click Resize/Move. The application displays the resize/move partition operation in the Pending Operations pane.

6. Examine the operation that was added to the Pending Operations pane.

   If the operation involves a move step, then consider the following:

   - A move step might take a long time to complete.

   - If the partition is an operating system boot partition, then a move step might cause the operating system to fail to boot.

   If you are not prepared to wait or to fix potential operating system boot problems, then you might want to undo the operation. See gparted-undo-last-operation.

Da povećate ili premestite particiju, nerasporređeni prostor mora biti dostupan odmah pored particije.

Ako uvećavate logičku particiju, onda neraspoređeni prostor mora biti unutar proširene particije.

Ako uvećavate primarnu particiju, onda neraspoređeni prostor ne mora biti unutar proširene particije.

Možete da premestite neraspoređeni prostor unutar ili izvan proširene particije menjajući veličinu granica proširene particije.

A LUKS encrypted partition and the file system within can only be resized when the encryption mapping is open.

To improve the ability to shrink NTFS partitions, you might consider one or more of the following:

- Defragment the file system.

  Booting into Safe Mode with the commercial operating system that uses NTFS can improve the ability to defragment the file system. To enter Safe Mode press F8 while your computer is booting the operating system.

- Check the partition for errors with the following command:

      C:> chkdsk /f /r

  Remember to reboot back into the commercial operating system that uses NTFS to allow the `chkdsk` command to execute.

- Temporarily disable the paging file. The paging file occupies a fixed location in the partition that the defragmentation process is unable to move.

- Temporarily move large files to another partition or disk device. Large files are defined as greater than a few hundred Megabytes (MB).

- Ensure a proper shut down of the commercial operating system that uses NTFS before you resize the NTFS partition

- Leave at least 10 percent unused space in the NTFS partition. If you shrink the partition too much, then the commercial operating system might have difficulty functioning properly.

- Reboot twice into the commercial operating system that uses NTFS after shrinking the NTFS partition.

#### Premeštanje particije

Promena veličine i premeštanje particije može biti izvršeno jednom radnjom gparteda.

To move a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Resize/Move. The application displays the Resize/Move `/path-to-partition` dialog.

3. Adjust the location of the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location.

4. Specify the alignment of the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-alignment.

5. Click Resize/Move. The application displays the resize/move partition operation in the Pending Operations pane.

Ako je particija koju premeštate particija učitavanja operativnog sistema, onda operativni sistem možda neće moći da se učita nakon primenjene radnje premeštanja.

Ako operativni sistem ne uspe da se pokrene, pogledajte gparted-fix-operating-system-boot-problems.

A LUKS encrypted partition can only be moved when the encryption mapping is closed.

#### Umnožavanje i ubacivanje particije

To copy a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Copy. The application marks the partition as the source partition.

To Paste a partition:

1. Select an unallocated space on a disk device. See gparted-select-unallocated.

2. Choose: Partition Paste. The application displays the Paste `/path-to-partition` dialog.

3. If you want you can adjust the size and location of the partition. See gparted-specify-partition-size-and-location.

4. If you want you can specify the alignment of partition. See gparted-specify-partition-alignment.

5. Click Paste. The application displays the copy partition operation in the Pending Operations pane.

Umnožena particija ima isti natpis sistema datoteka i isti univerzalni jedinstveni identifikator (UUID) kao izvorna particija. To može prouzrokovati probleme prilikom učitavanja sistema, ili kada radnja montiranja koristi natpis sistema datoteka ili UJID za prepoznavanje particije.

Problem je u tome što će operativni sistem nasumično izabrati da montira bilo izvornu bilo umnoženu particiju. Na primer, prilikom prve radnje montiranja može biti montirana izvorna particija. Prilikom sledeće radnje montiranja može biti montirana umnožena particija. S vremenom ova priroda nasumičnog montiranja particija može da dovede do toga da se datoteke tajanstveno pojavljuju ili nestaju u zavisnosti od toga koja particija je montirana. Nasumično montiranje izvorne ili umnožene particije može takođe da prouzrokuje ozbiljna oštećenja podataka ili gubljenje istih.

To avoid the problem you are advised to do one of the following:

- After you have queued or applied the copy operation:

  1. Change the UUID of either the source, or the copy of the partition. See gparted-changing-partition-uuid.

  2. If the file system label is not blank then change the file system label of either the source, or the copy of the partition. See gparted-setting-partition-file-system-label.

- After you have applied the copy operation, delete or reformat the source partition.

- Use some other method to ensure that the source partition and the copy of the partition are not used on the same computer at the same time. For example, if the copy of the partition is on a separate drive then remove the drive from the computer.

The file system within a LUKS encrypted partition can only be copied when the encryption mapping is open.

To prevent unintended decryption of data, pasting into unallocated space creating a new partition is not permitted. However a LUKS encrypted partition can be pasted into an existing open LUKS encrypted partition maintaining an encrypted, or pasted into a plain partition making an unencrypted copy of the file system.

#### Upravljanje opcijama particije

To manage partition flags:

1. Select a partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Manage Flags. The application opens a Manage flags on `/path-to-partition` dialog.

   - To enable a flag, select the check box beside the flag. The application writes the enabled flag to the partition and refreshes the Manage flags on `/path-to-partition` dialog.

   - To disable a flag, deselect the check box beside the flag. The application writes the disabled flag to the partition and refreshes the Manage flags on `/path-to-partition` dialog.

   Manage Flags is only available for disks with partition tables. Disks with loop or none partition tables do not contain a partition table, and do not have partition flags.

   See gparted-view-device-information to view the type of partition table.

Da zatvorite prozorče „Upravljajte opcijama na `/putanja-do-particije`“, pritisnite „Zatvori“.

A description of flags in an msdos partition table follows:

- Boot is used by some commercial operating system boot loaders. The boot flag indicates the partition is active or bootable. Only one partition on a disk device can be active.

- Diag is used to indicate the partition is used for diagnostics / recovery.

- ESP indicates an EFI System Partition used to boot computers with the Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) class 2 that includes compatibility support for BIOS functions including the MBR partition structure.

- Hidden is used by some commercial operating systems. The hidden flag makes the partition invisible to the operating system.

- Irst identifies an Intel Rapid Start Technology partition.

- LBA is used by some commercial operating system boot loaders. The LBA flag indicates the partition should be accessed using Logical Block Addressing (LBA), instead of Cylinder-Head-Sector (CHS) addressing.

- LVM is used to indicate the partition is used by a Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

- Palo is used by the Precision Architecture - Reduced Instruction Set Computing (PA-RISC) boot loader, palo.

- Prep is used to indicate the boot partition on Power Performance Computing (PowerPC) hardware.

- RAID is used to indicate the partition is used in a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID).

A description of flags in a gpt partition table follows:

- Atvrecv is used to indicate an Apple TV Recovery partition.

- BIOS_GRUB indicates a BIOS boot partition often used by the GRUB 2 boot loader.

- Boot is used by some commercial operating system boot loaders. The boot flag indicates the partition is active or bootable. Only one partition on a disk device can be active.

- Diag indicates the partition is used for diagnostics or recovery.

- ESP indicates an EFI System Partition used to boot computers with Extensible Firmware Interface (EFI) class 1 or Unified Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI) class 2 or UEFI class 3.

- Hidden is used by some commercial operating systems. The hidden flag makes the partition invisible to the operating system.

- HP-service is used to indicate a Hewlett Packard service partition.

- Irst identifies an Intel Rapid Start Technology partition.

- Legacy_boot is used by some special purpose software to indicate the partition might be bootable.

- LVM indicates the partition is used by a Logical Volume Manager (LVM).

- Msftdata identifies partitions that contain Microsoft file systems such as NTFS or FAT.

- Msftres is used to indicate a Microsoft Reserved partition.

- Prep is used to indicate the boot partition on Power Performance Computing (PowerPC) hardware.

- RAID indicates the partition is used in a Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID).

#### Proveravanje particije

Proveravanje particije će pokušati da pronađe i popravi probleme u sistemu datoteka. Provervanje particije će pokušati da uveća sistem datoteka kako bi popunio particiju.

To check a partition:

1. Select an unmounted partition. See gparted-select-partition.

2. Choose: Partition Check. The application displays the check partition operation in the Pending Operations pane.

### Rad sa zakazanim radnjama

#### Poništavanje poslednje radnje

Da opozovete poslednju radnju u redu radnji, izaberite: „Uredi Opozovi poslednju radnju“. Program će ukloniti poslednju radnju iz reda prikazanog u oknu „Zakazane radnje“. Ukoliko nema preostalih radnji u redu, program će zatvoriti okno „Zakazane radnje“.

#### Brisanje svih radnji

Da obrišete sve radnje u redu radnji, izaberite: „Uredi Obriši sve radnje“. Program će ukloniti sve radnje iz reda i zatvoriće okno „Zakazane radnje“.

#### Primenjivanje svih radnji

To apply all operations:

1. Choose: Edit Apply All Operations. The application displays an Apply operations to device dialog.

   Editing partitions has the potential to cause LOSS of DATA. You are advised to backup your data before applying your partition editing operations.

2. Click Apply. The application displays an Applying pending operations dialog. The application applies each pending operation in the order you created the operations. The application displays a status update when each operation is completed.

   - To view more information, click Details. The application displays more details about operations.

     To view more information about the steps in each operation, click the arrow button beside each step.

   - To stop the operations while they are executing, click Cancel. The application displays a disabled Force Cancel (5) button and counts down for 5 seconds.

     Cancel instructs the application to stop or roll back operations as necessary to ensure data integrity.

     If operations have not halted after 5 seconds the application enables the Force Cancel button.

     To force the operations to stop, click Force Cancel. The application displays a warning dialog.

     Click Continue Operation to allow the roll back operations to complete, or click Cancel Operation to cancel the roll back operations.

     Cancel Operation terminates the safe roll back of operations and might cause SEVERE file system damage and data loss. You are advised to click Continue Operation to allow the roll back to complete.

     When the application finishes performing operations, the application displays the Save Details button and the Close button.

3. If you want to save the details from applying all operations, then click Save Details. The application displays a Save Details dialog.

   1. If you want to change the default file name, then type a file name in the Name text box.

   2. If you want to save the file in a folder different than /root, click Browse for other folders. The application displays a file system navigator.

      Use the file system navigator to select a folder.

   3. Click Save to save the file. The application saves the details file.

   If you use gparted from a Live CD, then the root file system exists in RAM memory. All files saved to the Live CD root file system will be lost when you shut down the computer.

   If you saved the gparted details to the Live CD root file system, then you need to copy the file to more permanent storage. Examples of more permanent storage are a hard disk drive or a USB flash memory drive.

4. Click Close. The application closes the Applying pending operations dialog. The application rescans all the disk devices and refreshes the device partition layout in the gparted window.

## Nabavljanje Gparteda na živom CD-u

Živi CD je kompakt disk koji sadrži pokretački operativni sistem. Živi CD vam omogućava da pokrenete računar sa CD-a.

Using gparted from a Live CD has the following advantages:

- You can edit all of your partitions because the partitions are not mounted.

- You can edit partitions on computers that do not have a bootable operating system.

Program gparted je dostupan na mnogim živim CD diskovima distribucija.

You can download a Live CD image containing gparted from the following web sites:

- GParted Live CD

- SystemRescue (also known as SystemRescueCD)

Odraz Živog CD-a Gparteda može biti upisan na USB disk.

Ako vaš računar može da podiže sistem sa univerzalne serijske sabirnice (USB) onda ćete možda više želeti da podignete i da koristitte gparted“ sa USB diska.

Da izbegnete gubljenje praznog CD-a prilikom narezivanja datoteke odraza CD-a, koristite sledeće savete:

- Uverite se da suma za proveru preuzete datoteke odgovara sumi za proveru objavljenoj na stranici za preuzimanje.

- Budite sigurni da narežete „.iso“ datoteku kao odraz na praznom CD-u. Ako narežete „.iso“ datoteku kao podatke na praznom CD-u, tada se CD neće pokrenuti na vašem računaru.

## Otklanjanje problema učitavanja operativnog sistema

Your computer might fail to boot an operating system when you perform one of the following actions:

- Delete a partition.

- Move a partition.

- Install another operating system and overwrite the Master Boot Record (MBR).

Srećom neuspeh podizanja sistema može često biti ispravljen.

Ako vaš računar koristi GRUB podizač sistema, pogledajte gparted-fix-grub-boot-problem da povratite mogućnost podizanja sistema.

If your computer does not use GRUB then you are advised to consult documentation for your boot loader to learn how to fix the problem. You might consult the GParted FAQ, or the GParted forum. You might also search the Internet to learn how other people have solved similar problems.

### Otklanjanje problema učitavanja GRUB-a

Veliko objedinjeni podizni učitavač (GRUB) se koristi u mnogim distribucijama GNU/Linuksa. Da ispravite probleme učitavanja Grub-a počnite tako što ćete odrediti koje glavno izdanje Gruba je u upotrebi.

There are two major versions of GRUB:

- GRUB, also known as GRUB 2, covers versions 1.98 and higher. GRUB 2 works with both GUID partition tables (GPT) and msdos partition tables.

- GRUB Legacy, traditionally known as GRUB, covers versions 0.9x and earlier. GRUB Legacy works with msdos partition tables only.

GRUB 2 is used as the default boot loader in the following GNU/Linux distributions:

- CentOS 7 and higher

- Debian 6 (Squeeze) and higher

- Fedora 16 (Verne) and higher

- openSUSE 12.2 and higher

- Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala) and higher

Ako niste sigurni da li vaš računar koristi Grub 2 ili Stari Grub, možete pokušati na internetu da potražite odgovor.

#### Vraćanje Gruba 2 podizača sistema

Use the following steps to restore the GRUB 2 boot loader:

1. Boot from Live media such as GParted Live or your GNU/Linux distribution image. Open a terminal window.

2. Determine which partition contains the / file system for your GNU/Linux distribution.

   Use GParted to list the partitions on your disk device. Look for a partition that contains your GNU/Linux / file system. This Linux partition will likely use a file system such as ext2, ext3, ext4, or btrfs.

   If the / partition is on LVM then the Logical Volume Manager must be active. LVM can be started with the command:

       # vgchange -a y

   With LVM, the equivalent of a disk partition is a Logical Volume. Logical Volumes can be listed with the command:

       # lvscan

   If the / partition is on RAID, then the RAID must be active. Linux Software RAID can be started with the command:

       # mdadm --assemble --scan

3. Create a mount point directory by entering (as root):

       # mkdir /tmp/mydir

4. Mount the / partition on the mount point directory. For example assume the / file system is contained in the /dev/sda5 partition. Enter (as root):

       # mount /dev/sda5 /tmp/mydir

5. If you have a separate /boot partition, for example at /dev/sda3, then an extra step is required. Mount the /boot partition at /tmp/mydir/boot by entering (as root):

       # mount /dev/sda3 /tmp/mydir/boot

   If you do not know whether you have a separate boot partition then you probably do not and can ignore this step.

6. Prepare to change the root environment by entering (as root):

       # mount --bind /dev /tmp/mydir/dev

       # mount --bind /proc /tmp/mydir/proc

       # mount --bind /sys /tmp/mydir/sys

7. Change the root environment by entering (as root):

       # chroot /tmp/mydir

8. Reinstall GRUB 2 on the boot device. Note that the device name is used and not the partition name. For example, if the / partition is /dev/sda5 then the device is /dev/sda.

   For Debian, Ubuntu, and other offshoot GNU/Linux distributions, enter the command (as root):

       # grub-install /dev/sda

   For CentOS, Fedora, openSUSE and other offshoot GNU/Linux distributions, enter the command (as root):

       # grub2-install /dev/sda

9. Exit the chroot environment by entering (as root):

       # exit

10. Reboot your computer.

#### Vraćanje Starog Gruba podizača sistema

Use the following steps to restore the GRUB Legacy boot loader:

1. Boot from Live media such as your GNU/Linux distribution image. Open a terminal window.

   The Live media must contain the GRUB Legacy boot loader. If your GNU/Linux distribution uses GRUB Legacy, then the distribution Live media will also contain GRUB Legacy.

2. Start the grub application from the command line (as root).

       # grub

3. Find where grub stage1 is located by using one of the following:

   If the /boot folder is stored in the / partition, use the command:

       grub> find /boot/grub/stage1

   If the /boot folder is stored in a partition different than the / partition, use the command:

       grub> find /grub/stage1

   The output from the `find` command might look like the following:

        (hd0,0)

   If more than one line is listed in the command output, you will need to decide which device you use for grub.

4. Set the grub root device by specifying the device returned by the `find` command. This should be the partition containing the boot directory.

       grub> root (hd0,0)

5. Reinstall the grub boot loader into the Master Boot Record (MBR) with:

       grub> setup (hd0)

   If you want to install the grub boot loader into the boot sector of a partition, instead specify a partition with:

       grub> setup (hd0,0)

6. Exit grub.

       grub> quit

7. Reboot your computer.

## Oporavljanje particionih tabela

Ako slučajno prepišete vašu particionu tabelu, postoji šansa da ćete biti u mogućnosti da je oporavite.

The testdisk application is designed to help recover lost partitions. For more information about testdisk, see .

If no partitions are found, you have other options to try to rescue your data. The photorec application is designed to help recover many different types of lost files. For more information about photorec, see .

Both testdisk and photorec applications are included on each Live CD listed in gparted-acquire-livecd.